第7章 元素那些事 Elemental Matters · 第4讲S5

1. 老师，讲稿里说David本来能发现更多，用了'might have done'，这到底是啥意思呀？为啥说他和事实相反？
2. 那个'attached to'到底是指喜欢还是上瘾啊？老师您说这里翻译成addiction更合适，能具体说说为啥吗？
3. 同一个'drew on'，一会儿说是‘吸’笑气，一会儿说是‘动用’积蓄，这俩意思咋区分得这么清楚？
4. 阿伏伽德罗定律明明这么好用，为啥当时五十年都没人知道？除了他性格孤僻，还有其他原因吗？
5. 既然化学推动了工业革命，为啥那时候化学作为一门科学却‘ barely existed’（几乎不存在）呢？

1. What does 'might have done' mean here? Why does it imply something contrary to fact?
2. Does 'attached to' mean just liking something or is it more like addiction? Why is 'addiction' a better fit here?
3. How can we tell the difference between 'drawing on' gas and 'drawing on' savings when using the same phrasal verb?
4. Why was Avogadro's Law ignored for 50 years despite being so useful? Was it only because he was introverted?
5. If chemistry drove the Industrial Revolution, why did it 'barely exist' as an organized science back then?

1 00:00:05,300 --> 00:00:07,800 All together he discovered a dozen elements, 2 00:00:08,140 --> 00:00:10,960 a fifth of the known total of his day. 3 00:00:11,160 --> 00:00:14,100 他总共发现了十二种元素, 4 00:00:14,160 --> 00:00:19,780 这十二种元素在当时人们所发现的元素里面占了五分 5 00:00:19,780 --> 00:00:22,020 之一,他一个人就发现了五分之一。 6 00:00:22,820 --> 00:00:26,920 David might have done far more but unfortunately as a 7 00:00:26,920 --> 00:00:30,580 young man he developed an abiding attachment to the 8 00:00:30,580 --> 00:00:35,960 buoyant pleasures of nitrous oxidemight have done far 9 00:00:35,960 --> 00:00:41,360 more 这是虚拟语气他本来可以发现更多既然是虚拟语 10 00:00:41,360 --> 00:00:46,040 气说明是与事实相反也就是他实际上没有发现更多实 11 00:00:46,040 --> 00:00:50,780 际上他就是发现了 12 种那他本来是可以发现更多的但 12 00:00:50,780 --> 00:00:54,280 为什么他没有发现更多呢那是因为 Unfortunately, 13 00:00:55,000 --> 00:00:56,220 as a young man, 14 00:00:56,360 --> 00:00:59,740 he developed an abiding attachment to the buoyant 15 00:00:59,740 --> 00:01:04,100 pleasures of nitrous oxide Abiding means lasting 16 00:01:04,400 --> 00:01:05,220 持久的 17 00:01:05,300 --> 00:01:10,680 持续的 Attachment 我们先要知道这么一个词组就是 To 18 00:01:10,680 --> 00:01:15,380 be attached to somebody or to become attached to 19 00:01:15,380 --> 00:01:18,660 somebody It means to like someone or something very 20 00:01:18,660 --> 00:01:22,300 muchbecause you have known them or had them for a long 21 00:01:22,300 --> 00:01:23,560 time It 22 00:01:23,790 --> 00:01:28,290 is easy to become attached to this lovely young lady So 23 00:01:28,290 --> 00:01:32,150 attachment is a feeling that you like or love someone or 24 00:01:32,150 --> 00:01:36,490 something that you would not want to part with them 那 25 00:01:36,740 --> 00:01:41,160 在这里呢这个 attachment 与其是翻译成 affection 不 26 00:01:41,160 --> 00:01:46,280 如翻译成 addition 其实相当于是上瘾了 to the buoyant 27 00:01:46,280 --> 00:01:52,680 pleasures of nitrous oxide Bolient means happy and 28 00:01:52,680 --> 00:01:57,520 light hearted 轻松愉快的 N itrous oxide 大家还记得吗 29 00:01:57,520 --> 00:02:02,860 这就是笑气这位年轻人对笑气上瘾了 He 30 00:02:02,960 --> 00:02:07,760 grew so attached to the gas that he drew on itthree or 31 00:02:07,760 --> 00:02:11,670 four times a day So attached to it 这个 attached 刚才已 32 00:02:11,670 --> 00:02:16,660 经解释过了就是喜爱喜欢在这里呢其实相当于是 33 00:02:16,660 --> 00:02:20,160 addicted 就是上瘾他 34 00:02:20,960 --> 00:02:25,360 对这个笑气是非常的依赖 He drew on it three or four 35 00:02:25,360 --> 00:02:30,460 times a day 一天要吸食三四次这个 drew on 后面有一个 36 00:02:30,460 --> 00:02:35,960 括号里面说 literallyliterally 意思是我毫不夸张的 37 00:02:35,960 --> 00:02:40,267 我没有使用什么修辞手法就是按字面意思解释的为什 38 00:02:40,267 --> 00:02:44,460 么要这样呢因为这个 drew on 可以有两种理解这个 drew 39 00:02:45,150 --> 00:02:49,870 比如说这个 He lit his pipe and drew deeply 他 40 00:02:49,960 --> 00:02:54,320 点燃了烟斗深深地吸了一口所以这个 draw 指的是 41 00:02:54,320 --> 00:02:57,020 inhale 就是吸而 42 00:02:57,310 --> 00:03:02,370 这个词主 I had to draw on my savings to pay for the 43 00:03:02,370 --> 00:03:08,160 repairs 我必须从自己的积蓄中去拿钱搞这个维修所 44 00:03:08,160 --> 00:03:13,230 以这个 draw on 指的是使用利用的意思如果是引生意那 45 00:03:13,230 --> 00:03:19,270 就是使用如果是字面的意思那就是吸食直接去吸 46 00:03:24,110 --> 00:03:30,710 到最后呢他才满五十岁就死了原因可能跟这个有关系 47 00:03:33,070 --> 00:03:38,760 人们认为应该就是这个原因他吸食了过量的笑气 48 00:03:49,150 --> 00:03:51,510 头脑清醒的这句是 49 00:03:51,630 --> 00:03:52,530 成善起下 50 00:03:52,610 --> 00:03:57,930 的句子前文说到 David 吸食孝气吸食孝气跟吸毒就有 51 00:03:57,930 --> 00:04:03,110 点类似的会上瘾的而这个 sober sober 的人他就是不吸 52 00:04:03,110 --> 00:04:08,490 毒不喝酒保持头脑清醒的幸好在其他地方还有一些头 53 00:04:08,490 --> 00:04:09,750 脑清醒的人在工作 54 00:04:10,730 --> 00:04:16,410 那这就把话题从 David 转到其他人了 In 1808, 55 00:04:16,750 --> 00:04:20,850 a dual Quaker named John Dalton became the first person 56 00:04:20,850 --> 00:04:23,010 to intimate the nature of an atom, 57 00:04:23,210 --> 00:04:26,730 progress that will be discussed more completely a 58 00:04:26,730 --> 00:04:29,590 little further on.And in 1811, 59 00:04:29,910 --> 00:04:33,930 an Italian with a splendidly operatic name of Lorenzo 60 00:04:33,930 --> 00:04:36,670 Romano Amadeo Carlo Avogadro, 61 00:04:36,870 --> 00:04:39,350 Count of Caracol Carito, 62 00:04:39,350 --> 00:04:43,330 Made a discovery that would prove highly significant 63 00:04:43,330 --> 00:04:45,310 in the long term,namely, 64 00:04:45,570 --> 00:04:48,710 that two equal volumes of gases of any type, 65 00:04:48,870 --> 00:04:51,410 if kept at the same pressure and temperature, 66 00:04:51,730 --> 00:04:54,390 will contain identical numbers of molecules. 67 00:04:55,320 --> 00:04:58,500 Do or means serious,never smiling, 68 00:04:58,640 --> 00:05:01,960 and unfriendly.性格比较严肃沉闷的, 69 00:05:02,000 --> 00:05:04,480 不是那种活泼外向开朗的。 70 00:05:04,480 --> 00:05:10,820 Quaker 是贵阁会教徒贵阁会是基督教的一个教派 71 00:05:11,340 --> 00:05:14,840 这个人名叫 John Dalton He became the first person to 72 00:05:14,840 --> 00:05:19,140 intimate the nature of an atomintimate 这个词大家以 73 00:05:19,140 --> 00:05:23,740 前可能是学过如果学过有可能是学到它的形容词比如 74 00:05:23,740 --> 00:05:27,680 说 The two girls became intimate friends 这时候这个 75 00:05:27,680 --> 00:05:33,140 intimate 的意思是亲近的关系很密切的他们两个人成 76 00:05:33,140 --> 00:05:35,060 了亲密的朋友那 77 00:05:35,090 --> 00:05:38,810 现在这个 intimate 不是形容词大家应该可以看得出来 78 00:05:38,810 --> 00:05:43,350 became the first person to do something 这个 intimate 79 00:05:43,350 --> 00:05:47,110 是动词 it means to make something known the 80 00:05:47,270 --> 00:05:53,970 nature of an atom 是原子的性质原子的特质这个 the 81 00:05:53,970 --> 00:05:58,430 nature of an atom had not been known beforeuntil John 82 00:05:58,430 --> 00:06:02,730 Daltonintimateduntil John Daltonmade it 83 00:06:02,730 --> 00:06:07,610 knownintimate 其实这里就是指他发现了指出了 84 00:06:07,610 --> 00:06:11,790 progress that will be discussed more completely a 85 00:06:11,790 --> 00:06:12,650 little further on 86 00:06:12,810 --> 00:06:18,390 这在化学界是一个伟大的进步关于这一点我们在后文 87 00:06:18,390 --> 00:06:24,750 a little further on 稍后再详细的讨论这里先按下不表 88 00:06:24,750 --> 00:06:29,770 and in 1811 an Italian with a sp ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）