第7章 元素那些事 Elemental Matters · 第4讲S3

1. 讲稿里说 'undertaking' 是承担责任去做某事，那它和普通的 'job' 或者 'task' 到底有啥区别？是不是语气更重一点？
2. Thermodynamics 这个词拆成 thermal 和 dynamics，一个是热一个是动力，那 'thermal underwear'（保暖内衣）里的 thermal 也是这个意思吗？还是说只是指保暖功能？
3. 文中提到 'authority' 既可以是‘当权者’也可以是‘专家’，那在 'foremost authority on thermodynamics' 这个短语里，它具体指代的是哪种权威？
4. 为什么 'range' 通常指那种有很多炉头的厨房灶台，但在这里 'a type of range' 却指代 Rumford fireplace（壁炉）？它们之间有什么关联吗？
5. Rumford 把壁炉内壁砌成斜的来反射热量，这跟他作为热力学专家研究 'convection of fluids'（流体对流）有什么联系吗？这算不算一种对流的应用？

1. The transcript says 'undertaking' means taking responsibility for a task, but how is it different from a regular 'job' or 'task'? Is the tone more serious?
2. Thermodynamics is made of 'thermal' (heat) and 'dynamics' (power), so does the 'thermal' in 'thermal underwear' mean the same thing, or just refer to the warming function?
3. The text mentions 'authority' can mean both 'those in power' and 'experts'. In the phrase 'foremost authority on thermodynamics', which meaning is intended here?
4. Usually, 'range' refers to a kitchen stove with multiple burners, but here 'a type of range' refers to the Rumford fireplace. Is there a connection between them?
5. Rumford angled the walls of his fireplace to reflect heat. How does this relate to his expertise in the 'convection of fluids'? Is it an application of convection?

1 00:00:05,200 --> 00:00:07,640 In between these undertakings, 2 00:00:07,660 --> 00:00:11,360 he somehow found time to conduct a good deal of solid 3 00:00:11,360 --> 00:00:13,620 science.Undertaking, 4 00:00:13,780 --> 00:00:16,700 我们先看这个词的动词是 Undertake, 5 00:00:16,840 --> 00:00:19,560 to undertake a job or a task. 6 00:00:19,660 --> 00:00:22,880 It means to take a job or a task upon yourself, 7 00:00:23,300 --> 00:00:26,100 to decide or agree to do the job, 8 00:00:26,220 --> 00:00:30,620 to accept that it is your responsibility to do the job or 9 00:00:30,620 --> 00:00:34,000 to fulfill that task.An undertaking means an 10 00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:37,140 important job or piece of work or activity that you are 11 00:00:37,140 --> 00:00:39,300 responsible for.For example, 12 00:00:39,480 --> 00:00:43,120 starting a new business can be a risky undertaking. 13 00:00:43,700 --> 00:00:46,200 创业是一件有风险的事情。 14 00:00:47,080 --> 00:00:48,420 那说到 in between, 15 00:00:48,540 --> 00:00:51,640 就是他在着手做这些事情的间隙, 16 00:00:51,720 --> 00:00:55,840 他还 some how found time to conduct a good deal of solid 17 00:00:55,840 --> 00:00:59,980 science.Solid here means sound and reliable, 18 00:01:00,300 --> 00:01:01,680 就是靠谱的。 19 00:01:01,860 --> 00:01:06,600 踏踏实实的在这么多的事情当中他依然还是找到时间 20 00:01:06,600 --> 00:01:11,040 进行非常靠谱的科学研究非常踏实的科学研究 21 00:01:16,140 --> 00:01:27,820 他成为了世界第一个权威最重要的一个权威 22 00:01:27,820 --> 00:01:30,740 fore most means the most importantnumber 23 00:01:30,740 --> 00:01:35,150 oneauthority 刚才也有见到这个 authority 那个词而 24 00:01:35,150 --> 00:01:39,300 且我们看到的是复数形式在那里那个 authorities 指 25 00:01:39,300 --> 00:01:44,100 的是当权者当局那在这里呢这个 authority 指的是某 26 00:01:44,100 --> 00:01:48,000 一个方面的权威某个方面的专家 on the therm 27 00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:52,220 odynamicstherm odynamics is the science that deals 28 00:01:52,220 --> 00:01:56,000 with the relationship between heat and other forms of 29 00:01:56,000 --> 00:01:56,440 energy 30 00:01:57,340 --> 00:02:01,860 热力学我们可以研究一下这个词的构成它是由 31 00:02:01,860 --> 00:02:03,620 thermal 加 32 00:02:03,880 --> 00:02:09,160 上 dynamics 构成的看 thermal dynamicthermal means 33 00:02:09,160 --> 00:02:15,690 heat 就是热 dynamics 是 power 所以合起来是热力学我 34 00:02:15,690 --> 00:02:19,660 们可以看到这个 thermal 可以构成其他的词比如说 35 00:02:19,660 --> 00:02:24,400 thermal 加上 meter 这是温度计而 dynamic 有什么意思 36 00:02:24,400 --> 00:02:30,400 呢他可以指充满活力的 a dynamic market 充满活力的市 37 00:02:30,400 --> 00:02:31,580 场 and 38 00:02:32,820 --> 00:02:36,660 he became the first to elucidate the principles of the 39 00:02:36,660 --> 00:02:39,360 convection of fluids and the circulation of ocean 40 00:02:39,360 --> 00:02:44,220 currents to elucidate means to explain something that 41 00:02:44,220 --> 00:02:47,560 is difficult to understand by providing more 42 00:02:47,560 --> 00:02:49,360 information the 43 00:02:49,560 --> 00:02:53,680 principles of the convection of fluids Fluid is a 44 00:02:53,680 --> 00:02:57,680 substance such as a liquid or gas that can flow, 45 00:02:57,940 --> 00:03:00,520 that has no fixed shape, 46 00:03:00,760 --> 00:03:04,700 就是流体,convection 是对流, 47 00:03:04,940 --> 00:03:08,440 convection,这里指的是流体的运动, 48 00:03:08,560 --> 00:03:10,340 也就是流体力学, 49 00:03:10,480 --> 00:03:13,880 它成为第一个阐明流体力学原理的人。 50 00:03:13,880 --> 00:03:14,980 and 51 00:03:15,070 --> 00:03:19,610 also the circulation of ocean currentscurrent means a 52 00:03:19,610 --> 00:03:23,110 continuous movement of water in a river, 53 00:03:23,230 --> 00:03:29,070 lake or sea 往往指水流但也可以指气流或者电流这里 54 00:03:29,070 --> 00:03:34,380 说的 ocean currents 就是洋流 circulation 大家应该可 55 00:03:34,380 --> 00:03:37,910 以看到这里面的 circle 它跟 circle 的关系 56 00:03:37,910 --> 00:03:44,210 circulation 指的是循环流通循环在这里指的是循环, 57 00:03:44,290 --> 00:03:49,550 也就是洋流的循环,我们可以看一下这张图, 58 00:03:49,630 --> 00:03:51,350 这就是 ocean currents, 59 00:03:51,550 --> 00:03:53,770 the circulation of ocean currents, 60 00:03:54,030 --> 00:03:57,410 he also invented several useful objects, 61 00:03:57,770 --> 00:04:00,490 他还发明了好几样有用的东西, 62 00:04:00,570 --> 00:04:02,770 including a drip coffee maker, 63 00:04:03,220 --> 00:04:06,280 thermal underwear,and a type of range, 64 00:04:06,480 --> 00:04:08,520 still known as the rumford fireplace, 65 00:04:09,060 --> 00:04:12,840 他发明的几样东西,包括滴漏式咖啡, 66 00:04:12,860 --> 00:04:17,980 飞狐,drip 就是滴,一滴一滴的叫 dripthermal, 67 00:04:18,140 --> 00:04:21,400 我们刚刚才见到这个 thermal 这个潜坠, 68 00:04:21,480 --> 00:04:25,630 它的意思是 he at,热那这个 thermal underwear, 69 00:04:25,950 --> 00:04:29,550 可想而知就是指保暖的内衣, 70 00:04:29,570 --> 00:04:30,370 thermal underwear, 71 00:04:30,510 --> 00:04:34,230 and a type of rangestill known as the runford 72 00:04:34,230 --> 00:04:34,910 fireplace, 73 00:04:35,530 --> 00:04:38,270 这个 range means kitchen range, 74 00:04:38,570 --> 00:04:43,730 它往往是指像这样有好几个炉头可以同时烹调的这样 75 00:04:43,730 --> 00:04:48,070 一个炉灶叫做 Range 不过这里的 Range 呢在这句话里面 76 00:04:48,070 --> 00:04:53,050 并不是这样的炉灶的意思而只是指炉子这个炉子呢到 77 00:04:53,050 --> 00:04:58,110 现在还叫做 Rumford Fireplace 我们等会儿看一下他发 78 00:04:58,110 --> 00:05:00,130 明的这几样东西是什么样的 79 00:05:01,270 --> 00:05:06,690 那这个就是 Drip Coffee Maker 滴漏式咖啡壶滴漏式咖 80 00:05:06,690 --> 00:05:12,170 啡壶也就是这上面是磨碎的咖啡然后呢加开水这个咖 81 00:05:12,170 --> 00:05:17,130 啡汁液就往下滴这样叫 Drip Coffee Maker 我们现在经 82 00:05:17,130 --> 00:05:18,630 常看到的是这个样子 83 00:05:20,740 --> 00:05:24,300 那 T hermal Underwear 到底是什么我们看图就可以看出 84 00:05:24,300 --> 00:05:29,180 来这不就是秋衣秋裤吗确实就是这样大家不要觉得它 85 00:05:29,180 --> 00:05:33,860 叫 T hermal Underwear 一定就是保暖内衣并不是这样的 86 00:05:33,860 --> 00:05:38,500 因为秋衣秋裤就是用来保暖的所以不一定是要有多厚 87 00:05:38,500 --> 00:05:42,300 只要是这个样子的就可以叫 T hermal Underwear 也可以 88 00:05:42,300 --> 00:05:43,700 叫 long underwear 89 00:05:44,570 --> 00:05:46,550 再有 runford fireplace 90 00:05:47,130 --> 00:05:53,990 它这个 fireplace 是壁炉火炉是建在房屋里面是用来 91 00:05:53,990 --> 00:06:00,970 取暖用的它进行的创新就是把这个壁炉呢里边这个墙 92 00:06:00,970 --> 00:06:05,470 砌的是这样斜的这样可以更好的把热量反射到屋子里 93 00:06:05,470 --> 00:06:10,250 去它对烟囱也进行了改造它是热力学方面的专家吗 94 00: ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）