第7章 元素那些事 Elemental Matters · 第3讲S3

1. 老师，讲稿里说 'devoted to little else' 和 'devoted to nothing else' 区别很大，到底 'little else' 在这里具体是指‘完全没做’还是‘几乎没做’？
2. 文中提到志愿者通过 'a robust inhalation' 来 'refresh themselves'，这里的 'robust' 既然指‘强壮/猛烈’，为什么用‘狠狠吸一口’笑气就能让人精神焕发，而不是让人更累？
3. 化学在18世纪进步巨大，但在19世纪初却 'lost its bearings'（迷失方向），作者为什么要把化学的这种情况和20世纪初的地质学做对比？
4. 为什么讲稿里强调化学是 'business people'（商人）的科学，而地质学和物理学是 'gentlemen'（绅士）的领域？这种社会背景如何影响了科学家的选择？
5. 布朗运动（Brownian motion）是由植物学家Robert Brown发现的，而不是化学家，这如何印证了前面提到的‘化学家在社会地位上不如其他学科’的观点？

1. What's the exact difference between 'devoted to little else' and 'devoted to nothing else' in this context? Does 'little else' mean they did absolutely nothing else, or just almost nothing else?
2. The text says volunteers refreshed themselves with 'a robust inhalation'. Since 'robust' means strong or vigorous, how does taking a heavy hit of laughing gas actually make them feel energetic instead of tired?
3. Why does the author compare chemistry 'losing its bearings' in the early 19th century with geology in the early 20th century? What's the point of this comparison?
4. Why does the lecture emphasize that chemistry was a science for 'business people' while geology and physics attracted 'gentlemen'? How did this social background influence scientists' career choices?
5. How does the fact that Robert Brown, a botanist, discovered Brownian motion rather than a chemist, support the earlier point about the lower social status of chemists compared to other scientists?

1 00:00:01,070 --> 00:00:03,790 While Learned Body,the Ark usian Society, 2 00:00:04,190 --> 00:00:06,790 was for a time devoted to little else. 3 00:00:07,050 --> 00:00:09,230 Learned Body 学术团体, 4 00:00:09,310 --> 00:00:12,030 body 不是身体,而是机构、 5 00:00:12,050 --> 00:00:12,910 团体的意思。 6 00:00:13,050 --> 00:00:17,650 Society 也不是社会,也是指协会或者学会。 7 00:00:18,170 --> 00:00:20,750 For a time 指的是有一段时间, 8 00:00:20,970 --> 00:00:23,770 devoted to little else. 9 00:00:24,230 --> 00:00:26,950 Little else 跟 nothing else 的区别。 10 00:00:26,950 --> 00:00:32,490 如果是 devoted to nothing else 那就是这段时间他别的 11 00:00:32,490 --> 00:00:37,730 事一件都没干而这个 little else 呢是指别的事几乎都 12 00:00:37,730 --> 00:00:42,610 没干只是程度的区别那别的事都没干那到底都做什么 13 00:00:42,610 --> 00:00:47,930 事呢那就是 inhaling laughing gas 组织大家吸食笑气 14 00:00:47,930 --> 00:00:50,630 Theaters put on laughing gas evenings 15 00:00:51,370 --> 00:00:54,770 where volunteers could refresh themselveswith a 16 00:00:54,770 --> 00:00:57,890 robust inhalation and then entertain the audience 17 00:00:57,890 --> 00:01:01,030 with their comical staggerings Put 18 00:01:01,410 --> 00:01:06,810 on laughing gas evenings Evening means a social event 19 00:01:06,810 --> 00:01:10,670 that takes place in the evening 就是在晚上举行的一些 20 00:01:10,670 --> 00:01:18,870 社交活动尤其是一些聚会比如说晚会这个聚场会组织 21 00:01:18,870 --> 00:01:23,870 laughing gas evenings 笑气晚会或者说笑气之夜在 22 00:01:24,510 --> 00:01:27,890 这个晚会上像 volunteers 有一些志愿者, 23 00:01:28,010 --> 00:01:31,470 他去 refresh themselves with a robust inhalation, 24 00:01:31,550 --> 00:01:36,890 to refresh means to revive or give spirit to somebody by 25 00:01:36,890 --> 00:01:41,930 eating,drinking or taking a rest 一般是指累了, 26 00:01:41,970 --> 00:01:43,850 困了,然后喝了点什么, 27 00:01:43,930 --> 00:01:46,850 或者睡了一觉,人又精神又焕发了, 28 00:01:46,890 --> 00:01:51,650 这样叫 refresh somebody 那他这里呢是通过 a robust 29 00:01:51,650 --> 00:01:57,150 inhalationrobust 这至少是我们第三次见到了我记得 30 00:01:57,150 --> 00:02:01,190 第一次见到的时候我给大家展示了勒百氏矿泉水的图 31 00:02:01,190 --> 00:02:05,370 片因为勒百氏他的这个英文就是 robustrobust means 32 00:02:05,370 --> 00:02:10,570 strong and vigorous a robust inhalation 那就是狠狠的 33 00:02:10,570 --> 00:02:11,450 吸一口 34 00:02:12,220 --> 00:02:18,460 他们是靠狠吸猛吸一口笑气来提振自己的精神然后 35 00:02:18,460 --> 00:02:21,160 呢,entertain the audience with their comical 36 00:02:21,160 --> 00:02:25,100 staggerings to entertain someone means to provide 37 00:02:25,100 --> 00:02:30,440 amusement for someone 也就是给某人提供娱乐活动那 38 00:02:30,440 --> 00:02:33,460 他们就吸食了笑气以后就上台去表演了 39 00:02:33,660 --> 00:02:39,460 with their comical staggeringscomical means funny 滑 40 00:02:39,460 --> 00:02:44,040 稽可笑的 staggering to stagger means to walk or move 41 00:02:44,040 --> 00:02:50,040 unsteadilyal most falling over 亮亮呛呛的走路比如 42 00:02:50,040 --> 00:02:53,780 说喝醉了酒的那种样子 The drunkard managed to 43 00:02:53,780 --> 00:02:58,560 stagger home 就这个醉汉亮亮呛呛的走回家了 44 00:02:59,790 --> 00:03:04,530 吸食了笑气以后在舞台上就产生这种效果走路都不稳 45 00:03:04,530 --> 00:03:09,330 引得大家发笑这就是他们的一种那个 loving guest 46 00:03:09,330 --> 00:03:09,790 evenings 47 00:03:13,360 --> 00:03:17,520 这是我找到的当时的一个 loving guest evening 就剧场 48 00:03:17,520 --> 00:03:22,020 组织的 Luffing Gas Evening 的海报你现在可以看到这 49 00:03:22,020 --> 00:03:27,520 里写着 Luffing Gas 然后底下详细的信息就说大家如果 50 00:03:27,520 --> 00:03:29,060 想吸的话都可以去吸 51 00:03:31,990 --> 00:03:35,090 你可以看一下效果这个是吸食了以后的样子 52 00:03:36,100 --> 00:03:39,940 吸食以后呢肢体会有不由自主的动作 53 00:03:42,800 --> 00:03:46,440 这也是一个 Luffing Gas Evening 这是一个很大的 54 00:03:46,440 --> 00:03:47,760 Luffing Gas 瓶子 55 00:03:50,820 --> 00:03:55,700 到现在有一些到国外的留学生也都有过这种吸食 56 00:03:55,700 --> 00:03:57,080 Luffing Gas 的经历 57 00:03:58,220 --> 00:04:02,660 据说在英国的一些夜店酒吧还是有这样的一群人所以 58 00:04:02,660 --> 00:04:08,150 大家如果看到这种好像都在吹气球要当心这个不是一 59 00:04:08,150 --> 00:04:12,940 个非常好的 party 因为这个 Luffing Gas 实际上是有毒 60 00:04:12,940 --> 00:04:18,980 的它几乎就是类似是毒品的呀吸食了以后也会上瘾的 61 00:04:20,940 --> 00:04:27,660 所以我看到这样的一个一个宣传的海报 Just say no to 62 00:04:27,660 --> 00:04:28,940 laughing gas 63 00:04:29,920 --> 00:04:36,080 No 其实当然把它看成一个分子是的话它就是一氧化二 64 00:04:36,080 --> 00:04:40,940 氮当然它也就是利用了这个正好是 no Just say no to 65 00:04:40,940 --> 00:04:43,840 laughing gas 拒绝笑气 It 66 00:04:45,120 --> 00:04:49,520 wasn't until 1846 that anyone got around tofinding a 67 00:04:49,520 --> 00:04:54,040 practical use for nitrous oxide as an anesthetic To 68 00:04:54,200 --> 00:04:59,280 get round to doing something means to finally begin to 69 00:04:59,280 --> 00:05:02,780 do something that should have been done earlier 早就该 70 00:05:02,780 --> 00:05:08,000 做的一件事可是一直到 1846 年总算是有人开始 71 00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:11,440 Finding a practical use for nitrous oxide 72 00:05:12,440 --> 00:05:17,400 才有人终于找到一氧化二氮的实际用途那就是当麻醉 73 00:05:17,400 --> 00:05:21,520 剂 Goodness knows how many tens of thousands of 74 00:05:21,520 --> 00:05:26,440 peoplesuffered unnecessary ag onies under the 75 00:05:26,440 --> 00:05:29,520 surgeon's knifebecause no one thought of the guest's 76 00:05:29,520 --> 00:05:35,080 most obvious practical application Goodness 这个经 77 00:05:35,080 --> 00:05:41,120 常用在感叹句中相当于就是 God God knows 比如说有 78 00:05:41,120 --> 00:05:46,020 Thank goodness 相当于是 Thank God Goodness knows God 79 00:05:46,020 --> 00:05:46,300 knows 80 00:05:46,420 --> 00:05:52,220 天知道 my goodness my god goodness me 这样表示感叹的 81 00:05:52,220 --> 00:05:55,780 goodness knows how many tens of thousands of 82 00:05:55,780 --> 00:06:00,520 peoplesuffered unnecessary ag oniesagony 原型是这 83 00:06:00,520 --> 00:06:03,740 样写的 it means great pain under the surgeon's 84 00:06:03,740 --> 00:06:08,120 knifesurgeon 是外科医生大家如果知道这个 85 00:06:08,120 --> 00:06:12,980 surgerysurgery 是手术那你可以看到这两个词词根是 86 00:06:12,980 --> 00:06:16,980 相同的 surgeon 是外科医生那么内科医生呢就是 87 00:06:16,980 --> 00:06:21,520 Physician Sergeant 是动手术的 Because 88 00:06:22,200 --> 00:06:24,920 no one thought of the guest's most obvious practical 89 00:06:24,920 --> 00:06:25,760 application 90 00:06:27,100 --> 00:06:32,720 这是笑气最明显的一个实际用途可是居然没有人想到 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）