第7章 元素那些事 Elemental Matters · 第3讲S2

1. 讲稿里说拉瓦西被捕是因为动作太慢，tardy 到底具体指啥时候算慢？是计划刚出来就慢，还是已经准备出门了才慢呀？
2. 那个革命法庭上放着马拉的半身像（bust of Marat）主持审判，这个细节是不是在暗示法庭根本不公正，像马拉在背后操控一样？
3. 文中提到拉瓦西死后百年立的雕像，雕塑家用了孔多瑟（Condorcet）的头像而不是拉瓦西的，这俩人在身份或长相上肯定差别很大吧？为啥雕塑家敢这么干？
4. 为什么那个雕塑家觉得“过了一个世纪没人会在乎雕像像不像”（wouldn't care），结果后来居然真的被拆了熔掉当废铁（scrap）卖了？
5. 前面讲拉瓦西被处决那么严肃沉重，后面突然转到英国流行吸笑气（nitrous oxide）这种乐子事，老师选这两段放在一起是想对比什么？

1. The script says Lavoisier was arrested for being too 'tardy' (slow/late). Does it mean he was slow right after making the plan, or only when he was already about to leave?
2. The Revolutionary Tribunal was presided over by a bust of Marat. Does this detail imply the trial was unfair and Marat was pulling the strings from behind?
3. The statue erected 100 years after Lavoisier's death used the head of Condorcet instead of Lavoisier. Since they were different people, why did the sculptor dare to do that?
4. Why did the sculptor think 'no one would care' if the statue didn't look like Lavoisier after a century, yet it was eventually taken away and melted down as scrap?
5. The text shifts from the solemn execution of Lavoisier to the fashionable use of laughing gas in England. What contrast is the teacher trying to highlight by putting these two parts together?

1 00:00:00,620 --> 00:00:01,800 The following month, 2 00:00:02,060 --> 00:00:05,520 as Lavoisier and his wife were making tardy plans to 3 00:00:05,520 --> 00:00:08,660 slip away to Scotland,Lavoisier was arrested. 4 00:00:09,320 --> 00:00:12,300 在玛丽王后被杀的下一个月, 5 00:00:12,400 --> 00:00:16,100 接下来的那个月,拉瓦西夫妇准备逃往苏格兰。 6 00:00:16,400 --> 00:00:16,920 但是, 7 00:00:17,100 --> 00:00:18,060 tardy, 8 00:00:18,080 --> 00:00:21,420 tardy means doing something too slowly or too late, 9 00:00:21,560 --> 00:00:24,920 可是两个人动作太慢,拉瓦西就被抓了, 10 00:00:24,960 --> 00:00:25,760 was arrested. 11 00:00:39,260 --> 00:00:43,460 前面说过了这个 farmers 可不要把它理解为农民这里 12 00:00:43,460 --> 00:00:50,990 是指通用收税官 fellow 指的是同行或者同事那这里也 13 00:00:50,990 --> 00:00:56,840 就是在五月份拉瓦西和他的 31 位通用收税官同事们一 14 00:00:56,840 --> 00:01:02,410 起被带到了革命法庭 Revolutionary Tribunal In a 15 00:01:02,410 --> 00:01:07,950 courtroom presided over by a bust of my heart Preside To 16 00:01:07,950 --> 00:01:11,670 preside means to be in charge of a meeting or activity 就 17 00:01:11,670 --> 00:01:12,290 主持 18 00:01:12,940 --> 00:01:18,080 A bust of my heart Bust 就是这样的半身像或者仅是一个 19 00:01:18,080 --> 00:01:23,160 胸像这就是 A bust of my heart Court Room 也就是法庭里 20 00:01:23,160 --> 00:01:23,940 的一个大厅 21 00:01:24,680 --> 00:01:29,640 大家可以看一下这幅图这就是民主双城记被搬上舞台 22 00:01:29,640 --> 00:01:31,860 也就是一个舞台剧的剧照 23 00:01:32,580 --> 00:01:36,480 这就是 The Revolutionary Tribunal 革命法庭 24 00:01:37,380 --> 00:01:43,100 所谓的这个马拉的半身像或者胸像应该就是这两个胸 25 00:01:43,100 --> 00:01:48,060 像的其中之一就仿佛是他们在这里主持会议主持审判 26 00:01:48,060 --> 00:01:48,480 似的 27 00:01:49,920 --> 00:01:54,000 8 were granted acquittals but Lavoisier and the others 28 00:01:54,000 --> 00:01:58,560 were taken directly to the Place de la Hach on now the 29 00:01:58,560 --> 00:02:03,000 Place de la Concordesite of the busiest of French gl 30 00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:03,280 itons 31 00:02:04,250 --> 00:02:09,310 共有 8 名包税官被无罪开示但是拉瓦西和其他的一些 32 00:02:09,310 --> 00:02:14,530 包税官就被直接带到了革命广场这个革命广场是当时 33 00:02:14,530 --> 00:02:18,110 的称呼现在已经改名叫协和广场了 34 00:02:18,750 --> 00:02:23,210 大家可能对协和这个名字一点都不陌生经常有听过协 35 00:02:23,210 --> 00:02:28,110 和医院什么协和学院这个协和呢在英文当中就是 36 00:02:28,110 --> 00:02:34,930 concord 它的意思就是和谐协调的和睦的 37 00:02:35,570 --> 00:02:40,730 很多和基督教有关的组织里边都有这么一个名称像协 38 00:02:40,730 --> 00:02:42,970 和医院其实原先就是教会医院 39 00:02:43,640 --> 00:02:46,540 Site of the busiest of French gluttons 40 00:02:47,600 --> 00:02:52,120 当时法国最忙碌的断头台就放在那里就是这里是杀人 41 00:02:52,120 --> 00:02:52,920 最多的地方 42 00:02:53,810 --> 00:02:57,350 Levasseur watched his father in law beheaded then 43 00:02:57,350 --> 00:02:59,710 stepped up and accepted his fate 44 00:03:00,510 --> 00:03:06,070 His father in law 大家还记得吗娜瓦西娶的是她的老板 45 00:03:06,070 --> 00:03:10,870 的女儿所以她的岳父也就是她的老板当然也就是包税 46 00:03:10,870 --> 00:03:15,550 公司里边的一个成员所以她的岳父也一样是在这里被 47 00:03:15,550 --> 00:03:21,660 砍头 beheaded 就是指被砍头她看着她的岳父被砍头然 48 00:03:21,660 --> 00:03:26,570 后走上去 stepped up and accepted his fate 走上断头台 49 00:03:26,570 --> 00:03:30,400 接受了自己的命运说到这里一声叹息 50 00:03:30,920 --> 00:03:35,320 这也许是法国大革命中最不该被砍下来的一颗头颅了 51 00:03:36,330 --> 00:03:40,690 据说拉瓦西利用自己生命的最后一刻还做了一个科学 52 00:03:40,690 --> 00:03:46,470 实验他跟刽子手约定就是他砍头砍下来的时候 53 00:03:47,110 --> 00:03:52,350 就拼命地眨眼睛让刽子手数一下他的眼睛眨了几下为 54 00:03:52,350 --> 00:03:57,310 了证明就是人的头砍下来以后还有没有意识据说他眨 55 00:03:57,310 --> 00:03:58,030 了十一下 56 00:03:59,320 --> 00:04:07,320 三个月后在 7 月 27 日罗布斯比尔他自己在同一地方和 57 00:04:07,320 --> 00:04:14,100 同一方向被派出 to be dispatched means to be put to 58 00:04:14,100 --> 00:04:19,700 death 被处死因为这个时候发生了热月政变罗伯斯比 59 00:04:19,700 --> 00:04:24,340 尔也被送上了断头台那么他的这个 Rain of Terror 恐怖 60 00:04:24,340 --> 00:04:30,680 统治就 quickly ended100 years after his death a statue 61 00:04:30,680 --> 00:04:33,780 of Lavoisier was erected in Paris and much admired 62 00:04:33,780 --> 00:04:37,520 until someone pointed out that it looked nothing like 63 00:04:37,520 --> 00:04:43,420 him 拉瓦西死后一百年巴黎市为他立了一尊雕像雕像 64 00:04:43,420 --> 00:04:49,360 完工以后 much admired 受到很多人的瞻仰大家交口称 65 00:04:49,360 --> 00:04:53,460 赞 until someone pointed out that 直到有一天有人指出 66 00:04:53,460 --> 00:04:56,340 这雕像一点都不像拉瓦西本人 67 00:04:57,010 --> 00:05:00,970 under questioning the sculpt or admitted that he had 68 00:05:00,970 --> 00:05:04,210 used the head of the mathematician and philosopher the 69 00:05:04,210 --> 00:05:05,810 Marquis de Condorcet 70 00:05:13,820 --> 00:05:19,640 在盘问之下这位雕塑家承认他并没有使用拉瓦西本人 71 00:05:19,640 --> 00:05:25,560 的头像而是用了数学家兼哲学家也就是侯爵孔多瑟的 72 00:05:25,560 --> 00:05:26,080 头像 73 00:05:30,680 --> 00:05:36,320 显然这位数学家兼哲学家的头像他手上正好多了一个 74 00:05:36,320 --> 00:05:38,980 就直接用上去了 In 75 00:05:39,020 --> 00:05:43,840 the hope that no one would notice 他这么做是这么盘算 76 00:05:43,840 --> 00:05:48,340 的他想不是已经过去一百多年了吗应该没有人会看得 77 00:05:48,340 --> 00:05:53,560 出来或者说 Having noticed 就算是看出来了 would care 78 00:05:53,560 --> 00:05:57,760 就算是有人看出来了也没人在乎 In 79 00:05:58,490 --> 00:06:00,510 the second regard he was correct 80 00:06:01,150 --> 00:06:03,830 In the second regard means in the second point 81 00:06:04,410 --> 00:06:09,470 他猜的第一点是猜错了还真的有人给看出来了但是第 82 00:06:09,470 --> 00:06:13,690 二点他倒是想对了也就是真的没有人在乎 83 00:06:15,100 --> 00:06:18,480 in the second regard means in the second point and there 84 00:06:18,480 --> 00:06:21,520 is a phrase in this regard means in this point 85 00:06:22,280 --> 00:06:24,920 I have nothing further to say in this regard 86 00:06:25,420 --> 00:06:27,980 在这方面我没有更多可说的了 87 00:06:29,970 --> 00:06:30,450 Well, 88 00:06:30,570 --> 00:06:34,390 the statue of Lavoisier comme Condorcet was allowed to 89 00:06:34,390 --> 00:06:37,890 remain in place for another half centuryuntil the 90 00:06:37,890 --> 00:06:42,170 Second World War when one morning it was taken away and 91 00:06:42,170 --> 00:06:49,090 melted down for scrap Lavoisier Condorcet 这是两个人 92 00:06:49,090 --> 00:06:50,470 的合体拉瓦西 93 00:06:50,590 --> 00:06:54,650 孔多瑟的合体的这个雕像 was allowed to remain in 94 00:06:54,650 --> 00:07:00,010 place for another half centur ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）