第6章 红牙利爪的科学 Science Red in Tooth and Claw · 第6讲S2

1. 老师，文中说Marsh的叔叔George Peabody是'indulgent'的，这个词具体是什么意思呀？它和普通的'generous'（慷慨）有啥区别吗？
2. 讲稿里提到Marsh虽然出身'modest'（普通），但他叔叔却'extremely rich'（极度富有），为什么作者要特意强调这种家庭背景的对比呢？
3. 文中说Cope在Little Big Horn战役期间还在冒险挖骨头，作者用'prudent'（审慎）来形容当时的情况，那Cope的行为为什么被描述为不prudent，这体现了他什么性格？
4. 为什么Cope能通过反复取出又戴回假牙（taking out and replacing his false teeth）来让起疑心的Crow Indians信任他？这个细节背后的逻辑是啥？
5. 对比Marsh和Cope这两个人，一个靠叔叔给钱建博物馆，一个自己冒险挖化石，你觉得作者通过这两个例子想说明什么关于'化石猎人'的不同生存方式？

1. Teacher, the text describes Marsh's uncle George Peabody as 'indulgent.' What exactly does this word mean here? How is it different from being simply 'generous'?
2. The transcript mentions that Marsh came from a 'modest' background while his uncle was 'extremely rich.' Why did the author specifically emphasize this contrast in their family backgrounds?
3. The text says Cope was digging for fossils during the Battle of Little Big Horn, and the author uses 'prudent' to describe the situation. Why is Cope's behavior considered imprudent, and what does this reveal about his personality?
4. How could Cope win over the suspicious Crow Indians by repeatedly taking out and putting back his false teeth? What's the logic behind this detail?
5. Comparing Marsh and Cope—one relied on his uncle's money to build a museum, while the other risked his life to dig fossils himself. What do you think the author wants to illustrate about the different ways 'fossil hunters' survived through these two examples?

1 00:00:05,620 --> 00:00:09,640 But he had the means to buy almost anything he wanted, 2 00:00:09,860 --> 00:00:12,130 the means means the money, 3 00:00:12,230 --> 00:00:14,830 he had the money to buy almost anything he wanted, 4 00:00:15,070 --> 00:00:17,710 可是他有钱啊,他什么都买得到, 5 00:00:17,810 --> 00:00:19,470 他虽然自己找不到化石, 6 00:00:19,610 --> 00:00:20,590 可是他都能买, 7 00:00:20,770 --> 00:00:23,470 although he came from a modest background, 8 00:00:23,970 --> 00:00:26,630 his father was a farmer in upstate New York, 9 00:00:26,850 --> 00:00:27,990 his 10 00:00:28,280 --> 00:00:30,780 uncle was the supremely rich and extraordinarily 11 00:00:30,780 --> 00:00:34,000 indulgent financier,George Peabody, 12 00:00:34,100 --> 00:00:36,580 modest means small,Not big, 13 00:00:36,700 --> 00:00:37,380 not impressive 14 00:00:38,040 --> 00:00:43,320 虽然他自己的家庭背景是一般般 Modest His father was 15 00:00:43,320 --> 00:00:48,780 a farmer in upstate New York New York refers to New York 16 00:00:48,780 --> 00:00:54,090 state 这里说的 New York 是纽约州不是纽约市纽约市也 17 00:00:54,090 --> 00:00:58,660 是在纽约州里面的一个城市但这里呢既然说到 18 00:00:58,660 --> 00:01:02,140 upstate New York 他肯定指的是纽约州而这个 upstate 19 00:01:02,140 --> 00:01:06,980 means the north of New York 就是纽约的北部纽约州的北 20 00:01:06,980 --> 00:01:07,240 部 21 00:01:07,900 --> 00:01:11,840 那这个破折号里的部分就是来解释他的这个 modest 22 00:01:11,840 --> 00:01:17,480 background 就是很普通的家庭背景可是他有一个有钱 23 00:01:17,480 --> 00:01:21,340 的 uncle his uncle was the supremely rich and 24 00:01:21,340 --> 00:01:25,540 extraordinarily indulgent financial George Peabody 25 00:01:25,540 --> 00:01:31,440 S upremely S upreme as an adjective means the greatest 26 00:01:31,440 --> 00:01:33,480 possible it means extreme 27 00:01:34,480 --> 00:01:35,120 For example, 28 00:01:35,320 --> 00:01:39,920 a matter of supreme importance means a matter of great 29 00:01:39,920 --> 00:01:42,740 importance,the highest importance. 30 00:01:43,560 --> 00:01:46,380 So,supremely means extremely. 31 00:01:47,440 --> 00:01:48,800 And indulgent. 32 00:01:49,480 --> 00:01:51,340 Indulgent is an adjective. 33 00:01:51,860 --> 00:01:54,200 The verb is indulge. 34 00:01:54,280 --> 00:01:57,580 To indulge someone means to give someone whatever they 35 00:01:57,580 --> 00:02:01,000 want.Like,don't indulge your child, 36 00:02:01,160 --> 00:02:06,100 you will spoil him.So the adjective indulgent means 37 00:02:06,100 --> 00:02:08,140 willing to allow someone, 38 00:02:08,260 --> 00:02:09,280 especially a child, 39 00:02:09,520 --> 00:02:12,000 to do or to have whatever they want, 40 00:02:12,240 --> 00:02:14,440 even if this is not good for them. 41 00:02:15,520 --> 00:02:21,380 And a financier is someone who controls or lends large 42 00:02:21,380 --> 00:02:24,300 sums of money.And his uncle, 43 00:02:24,500 --> 00:02:29,140 uncle 可以是叔叔或者伯伯或者是舅舅, 44 00:02:29,220 --> 00:02:31,820 但是在这儿呢,我认为他是舅舅, 45 00:02:31,820 --> 00:02:36,520 不用去查很多的资料只要看这一段只要就看我们这里 46 00:02:36,520 --> 00:02:40,760 的文字就能够看得出来是舅舅但是这里我不告诉大家 47 00:02:40,760 --> 00:02:44,980 我是怎么发现他是舅舅而不是叔叔或伯伯的其实你们 48 00:02:44,980 --> 00:02:47,400 也能看得出来大家不妨研究一下吧 49 00:02:48,510 --> 00:02:48,950 好 50 00:02:49,010 --> 00:02:52,700 这里说到这个 Marsh 他虽然自己家不是很有钱可是他 51 00:02:52,700 --> 00:02:57,270 的叔叔其实非常的有钱而且很宠他 When Marge showed 52 00:02:57,270 --> 00:02:59,250 an interest in natural history, 53 00:02:59,450 --> 00:03:02,870 Peabody had a museum built for him at Yale, 54 00:03:03,110 --> 00:03:07,510 and provided funds sufficient for Marge to fill it with 55 00:03:07,510 --> 00:03:09,550 almost whatever took his fancy. 56 00:03:10,240 --> 00:03:12,440 S ufficient means enough, 57 00:03:12,700 --> 00:03:16,980 and if something takes or catches your fancy, 58 00:03:17,100 --> 00:03:20,180 you like it and want to have it.For example, 59 00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:22,700 did you see anything that took your fancy? 60 00:03:22,880 --> 00:03:24,720 你有没有看到什么喜欢的? 61 00:03:24,720 --> 00:03:30,540 但这种 took one's fancy 这种喜欢往往是衣食的衣食的 62 00:03:30,540 --> 00:03:35,840 喜好突然间心血来潮喜欢这个但不一定是长久的当 63 00:03:36,350 --> 00:03:40,830 这个 Mudge 对自然历史表现出一点兴趣的时候这个 P 64 00:03:40,830 --> 00:03:46,750 Body 就为他的这个宝贝外甥在耶鲁大学建了一座博物 65 00:03:46,750 --> 00:03:52,810 馆而且还 provided funds sufficient for him 而且还提 66 00:03:52,810 --> 00:03:58,590 供给他一大笔的资金这笔资金是足以让 Marsh 去买到 67 00:03:58,590 --> 00:04:02,030 所有他喜欢的东西堆满这个博物馆。 68 00:04:27,400 --> 00:04:33,180 Privileged Privileged is an adjective It means rich 69 00:04:33,180 --> 00:04:36,920 and with special advantage On the other hand, 70 00:04:36,940 --> 00:04:40,340 underprivileged is the opposite of privileged 71 00:04:40,340 --> 00:04:45,400 Underprivileged means very poorwith worse living 72 00:04:45,400 --> 00:04:47,740 conditions and opportunities than most 73 00:04:47,740 --> 00:04:51,840 peoplelacking the rights and advantages of other 74 00:04:51,840 --> 00:04:54,520 members of society For example, 75 00:04:54,720 --> 00:04:58,260 he set up Scottish International Educational Trust 76 00:04:58,260 --> 00:04:59,160 with 77 00:04:59,540 --> 00:05:03,760 1 million to help underprivileged Scots to go to 78 00:05:03,760 --> 00:05:04,120 college. 79 00:05:04,960 --> 00:05:08,000 Cope 就是直接生于富贵之家, 80 00:05:08,160 --> 00:05:11,400 因为他父亲就是非常的富商。 81 00:05:12,260 --> 00:05:15,120 Philadelphia is an important city in American 82 00:05:15,120 --> 00:05:15,660 history. 83 00:05:15,840 --> 00:05:20,660 It was once the capital of the USA in the early years of 84 00:05:20,660 --> 00:05:21,160 the country. 85 00:05:25,400 --> 00:05:28,940 而且跟 Marsh 比起来,他显然更愿意冒险。 86 00:05:52,690 --> 00:05:53,650 現在 87 00:05:54,990 --> 00:06:01,950 這裡是美國歷史上非常重要的菲律黛菲爾這裡是蒙特 88 00:06:01,950 --> 00:06:05,290 納,在加拿大附近這裡是維吾爾 89 00:06:06,010 --> 00:06:09,510 這些區域中有許多雕像這是 90 00:06:10,510 --> 00:06:13,490 George Armstrong Custer 91 00:06:13,770 --> 00:06:22,470 他是美國軍事部長他和印尼人戰鬥 This 92 00:06:22,500 --> 00:06:24,940 is called the Battle of Little Big Horn. 93 00:06: ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）