第6章 红牙利爪的科学 Science Red in Tooth and Claw · 第5讲S5

1. 讲稿里说 Owen 把博物馆变成了‘人人都能参观’的地方，还鼓励工人晚上来。这跟以前大家觉得博物馆只是‘研究机构’的看法有啥不一样？为啥 Owen 这么激进地要贴那些解释标签？
2. 老师，有个词叫 'whisked through'，讲稿里说参观者被‘赶着’迅速看完，不能逗留。那 'whisk' 这个词做动词时，除了表示‘快速移动’，在日常生活里还有啥常用的意思吗？
3. 讲稿里提到 Owen 反对给达尔文立雕像，而 Huxley 反对 Owen 的开放计划。这两人立场完全相反，他们争论的核心到底是在‘科学严谨性’上，还是在‘博物馆该服务谁’上？能细说一下吗？
4. 讲稿里解释 'lobby' 这个词，说它后来从名词‘大厅’变成了动词‘游说’。为啥‘大厅’会变成‘游说’的意思？这跟说客们喜欢在哪里活动有关系吗？
5. 最后讲稿说 Owen 的雕像被挪到了不起眼的角落，而达尔文的雕像占据了大厅最显眼的位置。 Owen 生前那么强势，为啥死后他的‘胜利’反而成了‘迟到且无意’的？这说明了历史评价发生了啥变化？

1. The script says Owen turned the museum into a place 'for everyone,' even encouraging workers to visit at night. How does this contrast with the old view that museums were just 'research institutes'? Why was Owen so radical about adding explanatory labels?
2. Teacher, there's a phrase 'whisked through,' which means visitors were rushed through and not allowed to linger. Besides meaning 'to move quickly,' what are some other common uses of the verb 'whisk' in daily life?
3. The script mentions Owen opposed Darwin's statue, while Huxley opposed Owen's open-plan proposal. Their stances were completely opposite. Was their debate mainly about 'scientific rigor' or 'who the museum should serve'? Can you elaborate on that?
4. The script explains that 'lobby' evolved from a noun meaning 'hall' to a verb meaning 'to lobby.' Why did 'hall' become associated with 'lobbying'? Is it related to where lobbyists like to hang out?
5. At the end, it says Owen's statue was moved to an obscure corner, while Darwin's statue took the most prominent spot in the main hall. Owen was so powerful in his lifetime, so why was his eventual 'victory' described as 'belated and inadvertent'? What does this say about how historical evaluation has changed?

1 00:00:04,980 --> 00:00:08,640 They then had to return a second time to pick up a ticket, 2 00:00:08,860 --> 00:00:11,520 that is assuming they had passed the interview, 3 00:00:11,720 --> 00:00:15,680 and finally come back a third time to view the museum's 4 00:00:15,680 --> 00:00:15,980 treasures. 5 00:00:17,240 --> 00:00:20,600 那这些人还要再来第二次来取票, 6 00:00:20,820 --> 00:00:23,900 当然这是假设他们通过面试的情况, 7 00:00:24,060 --> 00:00:26,860 如果没有通过面试,也就没有这第二次了, 8 00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:32,740 最后还要再来第三次,才能够观看博物馆里面的宝贝。 9 00:00:39,820 --> 00:00:44,420 在这里是一个动词我们可以看到它是被动语态的 10 00:00:44,420 --> 00:00:48,820 whisk 这个词做名词的时候有两个意思一个就是像这 11 00:00:48,820 --> 00:00:53,900 样的扫把或者说是刷子还有就是这个打蛋器两者的共 12 00:00:53,900 --> 00:00:59,000 同得点就是使用的时候移动速度特别快所以它做动词 13 00:00:59,000 --> 00:01:03,840 的话就带上了这个名词的含义就是指迅速的速度特别 14 00:01:03,840 --> 00:01:07,980 快的我们看这个例句 The horse brushed off the 15 00:01:07,980 --> 00:01:11,120 flieswith a whisk of its tail 把 16 00:01:11,960 --> 00:01:17,540 尾巴一挥赶走了餐饮 Whisked crumbs off the table 把面 17 00:01:17,540 --> 00:01:20,800 包屑迅速地扫掉 Whisked the children away 18 00:01:21,480 --> 00:01:26,120 挥着手把孩子赶跑 The taxi whisked us to the airport 19 00:01:26,120 --> 00:01:30,140 means the taxi took us to the airport very quickly So 20 00:01:30,140 --> 00:01:30,780 even then 21 00:01:33,380 --> 00:01:36,460 即便是进来了,还不能单独行动, 22 00:01:36,540 --> 00:01:39,940 还要团体行动,而且是 whisked through, 23 00:01:40,080 --> 00:01:43,200 而是被人在后面赶着,要求迅速地看完, 24 00:01:43,300 --> 00:01:45,600 迅速离开,not allowed to linger, 25 00:01:45,840 --> 00:01:49,800 to linger means to be slow and reluctant in leaving, 26 00:01:50,040 --> 00:01:51,220 不允许逗留。 27 00:02:02,460 --> 00:02:07,390 而欧文的计划是欢迎所有人来参观 to the point 就是到 28 00:02:07,390 --> 00:02:12,820 了什么程度甚至是鼓励工人在夜晚的时候来参观 29 00:02:12,820 --> 00:02:17,410 working man 指的是体力劳动的功能而这个 workers 可 30 00:02:17,410 --> 00:02:20,040 以放置所有的工作者 31 00:02:24,300 --> 00:02:29,380 而且把博物馆大部分的空间提供给公开展示之用他 32 00:02:33,150 --> 00:02:38,330 甚至非常激烈地提出在每个屏幕上放置了讯息标签让 33 00:02:38,330 --> 00:02:43,780 人们能够感受到他们在观看的东西 Inform To inform 34 00:02:43,780 --> 00:02:47,440 means to give information Informative means being 35 00:02:47,440 --> 00:02:52,080 able to provide a lot of information Labels 是标签他甚 36 00:02:52,080 --> 00:02:58,260 至提议在每一个展品旁边贴一个标签对展品进行一些 37 00:02:58,260 --> 00:03:02,740 解释说明这样大家也可以明白自己看的是什么 Very 38 00:03:02,740 --> 00:03:07,040 radicallyradical 指的是他这个观点是非常新的很激 39 00:03:07,040 --> 00:03:10,880 进在以前从来没有人提到过 In this somewhat 40 00:03:10,880 --> 00:03:13,440 unexpectedly he was opposed by T. 41 00:03:13,560 --> 00:03:13,900 H. 42 00:03:13,960 --> 00:03:17,460 Huxley who believed that museums should be primarily 43 00:03:17,460 --> 00:03:22,960 research institutes 然而令人想不到的是是 TH Huxley 44 00:03:22,960 --> 00:03:24,540 反对这个提议 45 00:03:25,320 --> 00:03:31,460 T stands for Thomas H stands for Henry So his full name is 46 00:03:31,460 --> 00:03:36,400 Thomas Henry Huxley 在外国人的名字当中这个 first 47 00:03:36,400 --> 00:03:40,600 name 和 middle name 往往不是那么重要经常可以这样用 48 00:03:40,600 --> 00:03:47,200 手字母缩写的形式来简写那这位 Huxley 先生他反对的 49 00:03:47,200 --> 00:03:53,260 理由是他认为博物馆基本上应该算是研究机构既然不 50 00:03:53,260 --> 00:03:57,420 向公众开放也就没有必要贴什么 informative labels 51 00:03:58,370 --> 00:04:01,350 By making the Natural History Museum an institution 52 00:04:01,350 --> 00:04:05,110 for everyone Owen transformed our expectations of 53 00:04:05,110 --> 00:04:09,190 what museums are for Owen 把自然历史博物馆变成了一 54 00:04:09,190 --> 00:04:13,810 个人人都可以去参观的博物馆它改变了人们当初建馆 55 00:04:13,810 --> 00:04:17,930 的最初目的改变了人们对博物馆的功能的 56 00:04:17,930 --> 00:04:23,280 expectation 就是期待或者理念这里说的 our 不是有现 57 00:04:23,280 --> 00:04:26,730 在的我们而是泛指人们 still 58 00:04:27,850 --> 00:04:31,710 his altruism in general toward his fellow men do not 59 00:04:31,710 --> 00:04:36,770 deflect him from more personal rivalriesaltruism is 60 00:04:36,770 --> 00:04:41,310 concern for the good of others is when you care about or 61 00:04:41,310 --> 00:04:44,790 help other people even though this brings no advantage 62 00:04:44,790 --> 00:04:49,990 to yourselfaltruismdeflect means to change 63 00:04:49,990 --> 00:04:55,330 thedeflect means to change the direction 我们之前是 64 00:04:55,330 --> 00:04:59,490 学过这个 deflect 意思是改变方向如果说光的话 65 00:04:59,490 --> 00:05:05,770 deflect 就是折射那么 reflect 就是反射方向完全跟原 66 00:05:05,770 --> 00:05:11,880 来相反 riveries 我们之前学过一个 rival 在这儿 67 00:05:12,550 --> 00:05:15,310 看这个例句也就是我们书上出现过的 68 00:05:21,190 --> 00:05:26,220 在这里这个 rival 是一个动词 unrival 表示举世无双没 69 00:05:26,220 --> 00:05:30,630 有人可以跟他匹敌而这里这个 rivalries 就是具体的 70 00:05:30,630 --> 00:05:35,830 指他的竞争对手 fellow man 这里指的是大众同胞然而 71 00:05:35,830 --> 00:05:40,150 他针对广大民众的这种博爱无私的行为并没有使他忘 72 00:05:40,150 --> 00:05:44,190 记自己的竞争对手 deflect 就是说没有转移他的注意 73 00:05:44,190 --> 00:05:47,950 力 One of his last official acts was to lobby against a 74 00:05:47,950 --> 00:05:51,510 proposal to erect a statue in memory of Charles Darwin 75 00:05:51,510 --> 00:05:57,070 Official acts 就是官方的行为他还在位的时候就退休 76 00:05:57,070 --> 00:06:02,090 之前的行为他退休之前所做的最后几件事情当中就有 77 00:06:02,090 --> 00:06:07,630 一项是 To lobby against a proposal to erect a statue in 78 00:06:07,630 --> 00:06:10,750 memory of Charles Darwin 首先是有人提出了一个 79 00:06:10,750 --> 00:06:14,610 proposal Somebody proposed to erect a statue 有人提议 80 00:06:14,610 --> 00:06:19,070 在自然历史博物馆有人提议在伦敦历史博物馆有人提 81 00:06:19,070 --> 00:06:24,090 议在伦敦自然历史博物馆竖一个雕像纪念 Charles 82 00:06:24,090 --> 00:06:29,090 Darwin 而他呢 lob by against this proposal 他反对这一 83 00:06:29,090 --> 00:06:35,010 项提议 lob by 这个词是游说 In this he failedthough he 84 00:06:35,010 --> 00:06:39,030 did achieve a certain belated inadvertent triumph 但 85 00:06:39,030 --> 00:06:43,650 是他的努力失败了最后达尔文的雕像还是被放在了博 86 00:06:43,650 --> 00:06:48,910 物馆里面不过呢但是最后他还是获得了一项迟到的无 87 00:06:48,910 --> 00:06:53,030 意的胜利 inadvertent means unintentional 他的这个 88 00:06:53,030 --> 00:06:56,910 胜利并不是自己去争取来的所以说是 inadvertent 好 89 00:06:56,910 --> 00:07:01,750 像是无心插柳的而这个 belated means happening la ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）