第6章 红牙利爪的科学 Science Red in Tooth and Claw · 第4讲

1. 讲稿里提到恐龙模型把霸王龙的大拇指放到了鼻子上，这到底是啥意思呀？为啥要这么放？
2. 关于恐龙行走的方式，文中提到了 'bipedal' 和 'quadrupedal'，这两个词到底有啥区别？咋区分呢？
3. 文中说欧文让曼特尔的日子过得像 'hell'，这里 'hell' 是比喻用法吗？具体是指啥情况？
4. 为什么欧文要费那么大劲去陷害曼特尔？这种激烈的仇恨是咋来的？
5. 那个年代的 'Body Snatchers' 偷尸体卖钱，现在的医学解剖遗体来源跟他们有啥不一样？

1. What does it mean when the script says the dinosaur's thumb was placed on its nose? Why did they do that?
2. Can you explain the difference between 'bipedal' and 'quadrupedal' mentioned in the text? How can I tell them apart?
3. The script says Owen made Mantell's life 'hell'. Is this a metaphor? What exactly does it refer to in this context?
4. Why was Owen so determined to ruin Mantell's reputation? What caused such intense hatred between them?
5. How did the source of cadavers for medical dissection in Owen's time differ from today, considering the role of 'Body Snatchers'?

1 00:00:36,820 --> 00:00:38,720 人所遗忘的奇怪的造景, 2 00:00:38,800 --> 00:00:39,800 奇怪的景象, 3 00:00:39,940 --> 00:00:43,220 The world's first life sized models of dinosaurs. 4 00:00:43,720 --> 00:00:46,600 Life sized means as big as life, 5 00:00:46,860 --> 00:00:50,720 as large as life,跟真实尺寸一样大小的, 6 00:00:50,760 --> 00:00:56,220 也就是世界上最早的按照真实尺寸塑造的恐龙模型。 7 00:00:56,220 --> 00:01:00,600 Not many people travel there these days But once, 8 00:01:00,780 --> 00:01:03,760 this was one of the most popular attractions in London 9 00:01:03,760 --> 00:01:04,920 In effect, 10 00:01:05,160 --> 00:01:08,960 as Rachel Forty has noted The world's first theme park 11 00:01:08,960 --> 00:01:14,100 现在已经没有多少人专门到那儿去了但曾几何时 12 00:01:14,100 --> 00:01:14,640 Once, 13 00:01:14,940 --> 00:01:18,640 曾经这可是 one of the most popular attractions in 14 00:01:18,640 --> 00:01:22,680 London An attraction is a place or something that 15 00:01:22,680 --> 00:01:23,980 attracts many people 16 00:01:24,560 --> 00:01:30,560 这可是伦敦最热门的最受欢迎的景点之一 In effect 17 00:01:30,560 --> 00:01:32,100 means in fact, 18 00:01:32,300 --> 00:01:37,320 actually 实际上正如 Richard Forty 所指出的那样它还 19 00:01:37,320 --> 00:01:41,040 是世界上的第一座主题公园好, 20 00:01:41,280 --> 00:01:44,940 现在我们再来介绍一下 Crystal Palace Park 尤其是这 21 00:01:44,940 --> 00:01:48,340 个 Crystal Palace 水晶宫这是怎么回事 22 00:01:49,880 --> 00:01:55,900 首先先要讲一下这个 1851 年的万国工业博览会这是英 23 00:01:55,900 --> 00:02:00,580 国维多利亚时期的第一次世界性的博览会是我们现在 24 00:02:00,580 --> 00:02:01,940 世博会的前身 25 00:02:02,470 --> 00:02:08,450 当时呢展出了五个多月参观人次达到六百万这代表着 26 00:02:08,450 --> 00:02:13,850 维多利亚女王的辉煌时代一个工业军事经济各方面都 27 00:02:13,850 --> 00:02:19,010 高度发展的大英帝国这个博览会在历史上又被简称为 28 00:02:19,010 --> 00:02:20,450 The Great Exhibition 29 00:02:20,930 --> 00:02:26,750 又称为 The Crystal Palace Exhibition 水晶宫博览会那 30 00:02:26,750 --> 00:02:31,750 是因为这个博览会的主体建筑是一座称为水晶宫的建 31 00:02:31,750 --> 00:02:37,900 筑这个建筑呢是玻璃跟铁架构成的 32 00:02:40,860 --> 00:02:45,980 这是内部因为是玻璃所以呢白天这里面是不需要额外 33 00:02:45,980 --> 00:02:46,380 的照明 34 00:02:47,570 --> 00:02:52,790 这个水晶宫原来是建在海德公园也就是英国的市区在 35 00:02:52,790 --> 00:02:58,930 博览会结束以后整体被搬迁到英国南部也就是前面说 36 00:02:58,930 --> 00:03:03,660 到的那个 C itah am 这个地方因为那里地比较大而有一 37 00:03:03,660 --> 00:03:08,170 个县城的一个 park 那自从这个水晶宫被搬到那以后这 38 00:03:08,170 --> 00:03:12,150 个 park 就变成了 Crystal Palace Park 水晶宫公园了 39 00:03:12,150 --> 00:03:18,050 Quite a lot about the models is not strictly correct 实 40 00:03:18,050 --> 00:03:22,950 际上关于这些模型有很多方面严格的来说是不准确的 41 00:03:22,950 --> 00:03:27,230 The iguanod on's thumb has been placed on its nose 比如 42 00:03:27,230 --> 00:03:33,170 说前面说到的情龙 Iguanod on 它的 thumb 大拇指被按到 43 00:03:33,170 --> 00:03:34,370 了鼻子上面 44 00:03:35,750 --> 00:03:36,990 As a kind of spike 45 00:03:37,590 --> 00:03:42,230 按到鼻子上那就不再是大拇指了看过去就像是一根尖 46 00:03:42,230 --> 00:03:44,730 刺 Spike 这样的就叫 spike 47 00:03:45,330 --> 00:03:50,930 那因为这些化石它们被发现的时候是散落各地的所以 48 00:03:50,930 --> 00:03:55,250 科学家们把它们拼起来的时候有可能就会出错 and 49 00:03:55,320 --> 00:03:59,860 it stands on four sturdy legssturdy legs means strong 50 00:03:59,860 --> 00:04:06,300 legs 而且它是四脚着地有着四只粗壮的脚 making it 51 00:04:06,300 --> 00:04:10,660 look like a rather st out and awkwardly overgrown dogst 52 00:04:10,660 --> 00:04:17,700 out means short and fat 看上去像一条肥胖的大凳狗 in 53 00:04:17,920 --> 00:04:22,100 life the iguan as did not crouch on all fours but was 54 00:04:22,100 --> 00:04:23,040 bipedal 55 00:04:23,200 --> 00:04:30,440 或者读作 bipedalcrouch 就是这样蹲伏 on all fours 是 56 00:04:30,440 --> 00:04:36,580 指四脚着地的 force 指的是四肢 all the four limbs 实际 57 00:04:36,580 --> 00:04:41,820 上秦龙并不是这样四脚着地蹲伏在地上像鳄鱼那样的 58 00:04:41,820 --> 00:04:47,290 bipedal means traveling on two legs 就是两足行走的就 59 00:04:47,290 --> 00:04:53,260 是像这样它走的时候是靠着两条后腿支撑的前面那个 60 00:04:53,260 --> 00:04:58,160 并没有着地所以叫做 bipedal 或者叫做 bipedal 而如果 61 00:04:58,160 --> 00:05:03,120 是四脚着地行走的就叫 quarter pedal 要记得这个 bi 这 62 00:05:03,120 --> 00:05:09,020 是表示双表示二的这个前缀而 quarter q u a 表示四 63 00:05:24,560 --> 00:05:29,360 就这么看着它们也许你根本就想象不到你就无法猜测 64 00:05:29,360 --> 00:05:36,320 到 Lumbering means awkward and heavy and slow moving 也 65 00:05:36,320 --> 00:05:40,980 就是笨拙的动作反慢的 Could cause great ranc or and 66 00:05:40,980 --> 00:05:45,500 bitterness Ranc or means hatred and anger Bitterness 67 00:05:45,560 --> 00:05:51,260 大家知道这个 bitter 形容词是味道很苦的苦味这个意 68 00:05:51,260 --> 00:05:55,920 思 but here it is not about taste 在这儿呢这里面跟那个 69 00:05:55,920 --> 00:06:01,220 味道就没有任何关系也不是指我们中文所说的痛苦 70 00:06:01,220 --> 00:06:06,440 bitter means feeling angryjealous and upsetbecause 71 00:06:06,440 --> 00:06:10,580 you think you have been treated unfairly 它是指那种受 72 00:06:10,580 --> 00:06:13,500 到不公正的待遇造成心理那种悲愤 73 00:06:14,160 --> 00:06:18,220 所以现在看着它们你很难想象这些样子古怪不乏沉重 74 00:06:18,220 --> 00:06:23,970 的野兽会造成什么深仇大恨但事实上我们现在想象不 75 00:06:23,970 --> 00:06:27,680 到的事情的确发生了 Perhaps nothing in natural 76 00:06:27,680 --> 00:06:30,840 history has been at the center of fiercer and more 77 00:06:30,840 --> 00:06:35,020 enduring hatreds than the line of ancient beasts known 78 00:06:35,020 --> 00:06:37,320 as dinosaurs Fiercer, 79 00:06:37,400 --> 00:06:42,820 fierce 这个词本身一般指的是野兽非常的凶猛这里也 80 00:06:42,820 --> 00:06:44,160 就是指剧烈的, 81 00:06:44,200 --> 00:06:48,380 猛烈的 More enduring means more long lasting, 82 00:06:48,580 --> 00:06:49,640 持久的 83 00:06:53,370 --> 00:06:57,730 这个 line 实际上上一课我们已经接触到了但是当时我 84 00:06:57,730 --> 00:07:01,870 没有特意去讲这个 line 意思是血统可是我们在翻译这 85 00:07:01,870 --> 00:07:06,110 个句子的时候血统这个字就不会出现但大家要明白 86 00:07:06,630 --> 00:07:11,950 在自然历史上也许没有哪种动物像这种叫做恐龙的远 87 00:07:11,950 --> 00:07:17,030 古生物一样成了最剧烈最持久的仇恨的中心 88 00:07:17,890 --> 00:07:20,310 这里是 fiercer and more enduring 89 00:07:20,890 --> 00:07:24,850 这个是比较极但是因为这个比较极上面搭配的是 90 00:07:24,850 --> 00:07:30,580 nothing 没有什么能够比它更持久更加的猛烈所以我 91 00:07:30,580 --> 00:07:35,430 们在翻译的时候可以用最高级来替代它就变成最猛烈 92 00:07:35,430 --> 00:07:37,970 和最持久的仇恨的中心 93 00:08:00,230 --> 00:08:00,790 在 94 00:08:02,260 --> 00:08:08,720 建造这些恐龙模型的时候 C itih am 还是在于伦敦的边 95 00:08:08,720 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）