第6章 红牙利爪的科学 Science Red in Tooth and Claw · 第3讲

1. 老师，讲稿里说 Mary Anning 的年龄有 11 岁也有 13 岁，这到底是啥原因呀？是不是因为当时没户口本？
2. 那个绕口令 'She sells seashells...' 里的 'she' 真的就是指 Mary Anning 吗？这个绕口令除了练发音还有别的意思没？
3. 文中提到 plesiosaurus（蛇颈龙）和 pterodactyls（翼手龙）从技术上讲都不是 dinosaur（恐龙），那当时的人为啥还把它们都当成海怪或者怪兽呢？
4. 为什么讲稿里强调 Anning 不仅善于 'spotting'（发现）化石，还特别擅长 'extracting'（提取/挖掘）？这两个动作有啥区别，为啥 'extracting' 更难？
5. Anning 这么厉害，挖出了那么多重要化石，为什么讲稿里说她一生都在 'poverty'（贫困）中度过，甚至被 'overlooked'（忽视）？这跟她的性别或者身份有关吗？

1. Why does the transcript say Mary Anning was either 11 or 13 years old? Was it because there were no official birth records back then?
2. Is the 'she' in the tongue twister 'She sells seashells...' really referring to Mary Anning? Does the tongue twister have any deeper meaning besides practicing pronunciation?
3. The text mentions that plesiosaurs and pterodactyls were technically not dinosaurs, so why did people at that time still consider them sea monsters or monsters?
4. Why does the transcript emphasize that Anning was not only good at 'spotting' fossils but also skilled at 'extracting' them? What's the difference between these two actions, and why is extracting harder?
5. Since Anning was so talented and discovered so many important fossils, why does the transcript say she lived in poverty and was overlooked? Was this related to her gender or social status?

1 00:00:02,670 --> 00:00:06,670 在几乎四十亿年前的热门时期, 2 00:00:06,650 --> 00:00:08,430 传统开始变得非常强烈。 3 00:00:12,560 --> 00:00:17,600 这段时间之后,赛典逻辑运动已经移动到英国。 4 00:00:17,800 --> 00:00:24,080 这意味着英国的科学家开始对赛典逻辑有更多的注意 5 00:00:24,060 --> 00:00:29,640 力,他们开始比其他世界各地的科学家更有兴趣, 6 00:00:29,620 --> 00:00:31,440 例如在法国和美国。 7 00:00:31,440 --> 00:00:36,360 古生物学研究的这种蜂巢这股势头转移到了英国。 8 00:01:02,080 --> 00:01:06,820 这个句子很长但是它的主干结构其实挺简单就在这 A 9 00:01:06,820 --> 00:01:13,740 child found a fossilized sea monster 一个孩子发现了 10 00:01:13,740 --> 00:01:19,040 一个海洋怪物的化石 Fossilized 意思是已经成为化石 11 00:01:19,040 --> 00:01:24,180 的海洋怪物奇怪的海洋生物的化石现在我们把细节加 12 00:01:24,180 --> 00:01:26,960 进去这个状语就先不看了也就是地点 13 00:01:28,160 --> 00:01:31,560 An extraordinary child Extraordinary 14 00:01:31,780 --> 00:01:35,420 这个词是有两部分构成的 Extraordinary 15 00:01:35,680 --> 00:01:40,800 extra 是额外的超出的也就是说这个孩子是超出寻常 16 00:01:40,800 --> 00:01:46,280 的不同寻常的一个很不平凡的孩子他叫 Mary Annie 年 17 00:01:46,280 --> 00:01:51,560 龄呢可能是 11 岁也可能 12 岁或 13 岁 Depending on whose 18 00:01:51,560 --> 00:01:55,200 account you read An account of something means the 19 00:01:55,200 --> 00:01:58,020 description of something So different people had 20 00:01:58,020 --> 00:01:59,620 written about Mary Annie. 21 00:01:59,840 --> 00:02:02,540 They have given different account of her. 22 00:02:02,900 --> 00:02:06,120 And according to them,her ages were different. 23 00:02:06,500 --> 00:02:09,440 根据他们的著述,Mary Annie 的年龄, 24 00:02:09,500 --> 00:02:11,880 有的是说 11 岁,有的是 12 岁, 25 00:02:11,920 --> 00:02:12,540 13 岁。 26 00:02:12,580 --> 00:02:14,420 所以她到底几岁也不确定, 27 00:02:14,480 --> 00:02:16,200 取决于你读的是哪一本书。 28 00:02:16,600 --> 00:02:19,540 She found a strange fossilized sea monster, 29 00:02:19,800 --> 00:02:24,140 17 feet long.17 feet 大概是 5 米多, 30 00:02:24,260 --> 00:02:25,200 5.1 米。 31 00:02:25,200 --> 00:02:28,920 And now known as the Echiosaurus 这个 Echiosaurus 就是 32 00:02:28,920 --> 00:02:34,000 我们前不久刚学到过的那个鱼龙现在我们知道这个所 33 00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:35,660 谓的海怪就是鱼龙 34 00:02:36,140 --> 00:02:40,280 但是当时并不知道 Embedded in the steep and dangerous 35 00:02:40,280 --> 00:02:43,500 cliffs along the English Channel Embedded 36 00:02:43,580 --> 00:02:48,640 先前也学过了就是镶嵌在当然这个化石它并不是有人 37 00:02:48,640 --> 00:02:53,420 有意去镶嵌在那的所以翻译成镶嵌也许并不准确可以 38 00:02:53,420 --> 00:02:59,240 把它翻译成埋在就埋在英吉利海峡沿岸那陡峭而又危 39 00:02:59,240 --> 00:03:01,460 险的悬崖之中 It 40 00:03:02,220 --> 00:03:04,360 was the start of a remarkable career 41 00:03:04,860 --> 00:03:09,580 Mary Elling 从此开启了她不同寻常的职业生涯 Elling 42 00:03:09,580 --> 00:03:13,300 would spend the next 35 years gathering fossilswhich 43 00:03:13,300 --> 00:03:14,600 she sold to visitors 44 00:03:15,260 --> 00:03:18,060 大家注意一下这个时态 Wood 45 00:03:18,200 --> 00:03:24,440 这是过去将来时 Elling 将会在她接下来的 35 年中不断 46 00:03:24,440 --> 00:03:26,800 地收集化石把它卖给 visitors 47 00:03:28,040 --> 00:03:33,020 那之所以用过去将来时是因为安宁在这个时候还只是 48 00:03:33,020 --> 00:03:38,020 一个十几岁的小女孩所以对她来讲三十多年的生涯是 49 00:03:38,020 --> 00:03:42,480 未来的而整件事情现在又已经是过去的了所以要用过 50 00:03:42,480 --> 00:03:43,320 去将来时 51 00:03:45,110 --> 00:03:48,870 She is commonly held to be the source of the famous 52 00:03:48,870 --> 00:03:52,930 tongue twister She sells seashells on the seashore Be 53 00:03:52,930 --> 00:03:55,750 held to be means be believed to be 54 00:03:57,390 --> 00:04:03,630 人们普遍认为人们普遍相信它就是那个著名的英语绕 55 00:04:03,630 --> 00:04:07,790 口令 She sells seashells on the seashore 这个绕口令的 56 00:04:07,790 --> 00:04:13,110 来源也就是里边说的这个 she 其实就是指她这 57 00:04:13,780 --> 00:04:18,500 就是那个绕口令这个绕口令是为了来练习 s 和 sh 的发 58 00:04:18,500 --> 00:04:22,800 音 She sells seashells by the seashore The seashells 59 00:04:22,800 --> 00:04:24,420 she sells are seashells, 60 00:04:24,420 --> 00:04:27,940 I'm sure So if she sells seashells by the seashore, 61 00:04:27,980 --> 00:04:30,260 then I'm sure she sells seashore shells 62 00:04:32,590 --> 00:04:35,530 She would also find the first plesiosaurus, 63 00:04:35,830 --> 00:04:36,870 another marine monster, 64 00:04:37,090 --> 00:04:41,410 and one of the first and best pterodactyls 还是过去将 65 00:04:41,410 --> 00:04:47,370 来时表示此后他将发现世界上第一个蛇颈龙化石这也 66 00:04:47,370 --> 00:04:52,890 是一个海怪 The first and best 即是第一个也是保存最 67 00:04:52,890 --> 00:04:56,470 完好的一手龙的化石这个词要注意, 68 00:04:56,630 --> 00:04:57,970 P 是不翻音的, 69 00:04:58,050 --> 00:05:02,260 读作 pterodactyls Though none of these was 70 00:05:02,260 --> 00:05:03,440 technically a dinosaur, 71 00:05:03,720 --> 00:05:05,880 that wasn't terribly relevant at the time, 72 00:05:05,960 --> 00:05:09,700 since nobody then knew what a dinosaur was 73 00:05:10,400 --> 00:05:16,160 尽管蛇颈龙和一手龙从专业角度看都不是恐龙, 74 00:05:16,260 --> 00:05:19,980 但那也没什么关系 That wasn't terribly relevant, 75 00:05:20,340 --> 00:05:22,400 relevant 表示相关的, 76 00:05:22,440 --> 00:05:27,280 有关的那在那个时候这个无关紧要了因为那个时候反 77 00:05:27,280 --> 00:05:30,500 正也没人知道恐龙到底是什么 It 78 00:05:30,660 --> 00:05:34,560 was enough to realize that the world had once held 79 00:05:34,560 --> 00:05:37,800 creatures strikingly unlike anything we might now 80 00:05:37,800 --> 00:05:42,960 find Strikingly means in a way that is very easy to 81 00:05:42,960 --> 00:05:46,960 notice 很明显的惊人的 For 82 00:05:47,960 --> 00:05:50,100 example,she is strikingly pretty 83 00:05:50,400 --> 00:05:52,600 她美得惊人 They 84 00:05:52,720 --> 00:05:57,480 are strikingly similar 它们之间有着惊人的相似只 85 00:05:57,580 --> 00:06:02,960 要能够意识到或者了解到这个世界曾经存在过与我们 86 00:06:02,960 --> 00:06:08,600 现在所可能发现可能看到的任何生物都完全不同的生 87 00:06:08,600 --> 00:06:11,360 物这就已经足够了 It 88 00:06:13,220 --> 00:06:15,880 wasn't simply that Annan was good at spotting 89 00:06:15,880 --> 00:06:20,360 fossilsthough she was unrivaled at that but that she 90 00:06:20,360 --> 00:06:23,880 could extract them with the greatest delicacy and 91 00:06:23,880 --> 00:06:24,620 without damage 92 00:06:25,760 --> 00:06:27,200 这个句子的结构是 93 00:06:30,220 --> 00:06:32,120 这个结构的意思有点像 94 00:06:33,900 --> 00:06:38,800 就是 Anning 的不平凡之处她的杰出之处并不仅仅只是 95 00:06:38,800 --> 00:06:42,9 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）