第6章 红牙利爪的科学 Science Red in Tooth and Claw · 第3讲S2

1. 讲稿里说 excavation 比 extraction 更准确，那这两个词到底有啥区别？是不是所有“挖”的情况都能互换？
2. Competent 翻译成“称职”，但讲稿里又强调它不是“特别好”或“remarkable”，那在日常对话里，夸人 competent 到底算是一种高级赞美还是普通认可？
3. Prigish 这个词老师解释得有点复杂，它跟 self-absorbed（自恋/自我沉浸）有啥本质区别？为什么一个自恋的人往往会变得 prigish？
4. 为什么 Mary Anning 这么有才华，一生却还是在贫困中度过的？讲稿里提到的“被忽视（overlooked）”具体是指没人买她的化石，还是指科学界不承认她的贡献？
5. Mantell 的妻子在路边碎石堆里捡到了化石，为什么她没直接扔掉，而是觉得“这可能是一块化石”？这种观察力跟她的性格有啥关系？

1. The transcript says 'excavation' is more accurate than 'extraction'. What's the actual difference between them? Can they be used interchangeably in all digging contexts?
2. 'Competent' is translated as 'qualified' or 'adequate', but the transcript emphasizes it's not 'extraordinary'. In daily conversation, is calling someone 'competent' considered high praise or just an average compliment?
3. The explanation for 'prigish' is a bit complex. How is it fundamentally different from 'self-absorbed'? Why would a self-absorbed person tend to become prigish?
4. Why was Mary Anning so talented yet still lived in poverty? When the transcript mentions she was 'overlooked', does it mean no one bought her fossils, or that the scientific community didn't acknowledge her contributions?
5. Mantell's wife found the fossil in a pile of rubble by the roadside. Why didn't she just throw it away, but instead thought 'it might be a fossil'? How does this observation ability relate to her personality?

1 00:00:05,520 --> 00:00:08,780 The plesiosaur alone took her ten years of patient 2 00:00:08,780 --> 00:00:13,160 excavationation,excavation 是指挖掘。 3 00:00:13,520 --> 00:00:16,620 那在这里我们大体可以用 extraction, 4 00:00:16,840 --> 00:00:19,960 就是前文学过的那个 extract 的名词形式, 5 00:00:20,020 --> 00:00:21,740 用 extraction 来替换它, 6 00:00:21,880 --> 00:00:25,000 但是呢 excavation 会更加的准确, 7 00:00:25,020 --> 00:00:28,880 more specific,因为它是指从土里面去发掘。 8 00:00:30,050 --> 00:00:34,810 就关那个蛇颈龙就花了它十年的时间才挖出来。 9 00:00:43,710 --> 00:00:48,270 我们先看这两个例子 competent When it refers to a 10 00:00:48,270 --> 00:00:48,790 person, 11 00:00:48,950 --> 00:00:52,050 it means having enough skill or knowledge to do 12 00:00:52,050 --> 00:00:54,210 something to a satisfactory standard, 13 00:00:54,630 --> 00:00:59,170 to be capable enough to do a satisfactory job but not 14 00:00:59,170 --> 00:01:00,590 particularly extraordinary, 15 00:01:01,230 --> 00:01:04,030 not particularly remarkable Competent 16 00:01:04,090 --> 00:01:07,070 相当于是称职的,也不是特别好, 17 00:01:07,170 --> 00:01:10,910 但是 good enough 一个称职的机械工, 18 00:01:10,990 --> 00:01:14,410 a competent mechanic should be able to fix the problem 19 00:01:14,410 --> 00:01:16,650 完全有办法解决这个问题 20 00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:22,020 competent 除了修饰人也可以修饰工作 a competent job 21 00:01:22,020 --> 00:01:24,080 means a satisfactory job 22 00:01:25,360 --> 00:01:29,400 所以在这呢这个 competent 修饰的就是 drawings 和 des 23 00:01:29,400 --> 00:01:34,840 criptions 指的是他做的事情已经是相当有水准虽然 24 00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:40,400 不是说有特别的好但已经是相当好了相当不错了虽然 25 00:01:40,400 --> 00:01:45,980 他没有受过任何训练安宁还是能够为那些学者提供相 26 00:01:45,980 --> 00:01:49,420 当有水准的图画以及文字描述 27 00:01:57,760 --> 00:02:05,460 尽管她拥有这些不同寻常的技能这个 finds 是名词 28 00:02:06,310 --> 00:02:11,670 那些重大的发现还是不常有的所以他的一生中基本上 29 00:02:11,670 --> 00:02:17,330 是在贫困中度过的 P overty 是非常贫穷的状态 It 30 00:02:19,190 --> 00:02:22,670 would be hard to think of a more overlooked person in the 31 00:02:22,670 --> 00:02:26,290 history of paleontology than Mary Annan But in fact 32 00:02:26,290 --> 00:02:30,490 there was one who came painfully close To overlook 33 00:02:30,490 --> 00:02:35,430 something means to not notice something or not see how 34 00:02:35,430 --> 00:02:39,450 important it is An overlooked person means a neglected 35 00:02:39,450 --> 00:02:46,070 person 在古生物学史上应该是很难找出比安宁更不受 36 00:02:46,070 --> 00:02:50,390 重视的人物了其实他应该是很重要的人物但是没有引 37 00:02:50,390 --> 00:02:56,170 起人的重视在古生物学史上应该是很难找到一个比他 38 00:02:56,170 --> 00:02:59,550 更受漠视更不受人重视的人物了 39 00:03:00,870 --> 00:03:05,850 很遗憾的是有一个人的情况跟他很接近 40 00:03:11,970 --> 00:03:14,310 这个人是一个乡村医生。 41 00:03:45,520 --> 00:03:51,220 他简直就是各种缺点的大集合他爱慕虚荣 42 00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:59,480 动词 absorb means to interest someone so much that they 43 00:03:59,480 --> 00:04:02,280 do not pay attention to other things for 44 00:04:02,340 --> 00:04:07,340 example the paintings absorbed him completely 这些绘 45 00:04:07,340 --> 00:04:11,710 画完全把他给迷住了 so self abs orbed 46 00:04:15,980 --> 00:04:20,640 Prigish 这个词有点像是自命不凡但是跟汉语的自命 47 00:04:20,640 --> 00:04:25,820 不凡意思还是有点不同它指的是自己生活的时候是按 48 00:04:25,820 --> 00:04:30,540 照比较高的道德规范来要求自己的同时就觉得自己很 49 00:04:30,540 --> 00:04:34,760 了不起觉得别人道德都有欠缺这种是 Prigish 50 00:04:35,220 --> 00:04:39,200 Neglectful of his family 当然他是一个 self abs orbed 51 00:04:39,200 --> 00:04:43,600 person 自然就会 neglectful of his family He didn't pay 52 00:04:43,600 --> 00:04:48,180 attention to his familyneglectful 是忽视忽略的意思 53 00:04:48,180 --> 00:04:51,220 But never was there a more devoted amateur 54 00:04:51,220 --> 00:04:57,500 paleontologistdevoted 这个动词 devote 指的是奉献 55 00:04:57,500 --> 00:05:01,240 把自己的时间和精力奉献出来这个 56 00:05:01,300 --> 00:05:04,700 句子可以这样调整 There was never a more devoted 57 00:05:04,700 --> 00:05:07,460 amateur paleontologist than Mantell 58 00:05:08,540 --> 00:05:13,400 再也没有比 Mantel 更尽心尽力的业余古生物学家了也 59 00:05:13,400 --> 00:05:17,940 就是他把自己所有的时间精力基本上都奉献给了古生 60 00:05:17,940 --> 00:05:18,320 物学 61 00:05:23,500 --> 00:05:27,340 这个 devoted 跟这个 devoted 的意思是一样只不过他们 62 00:05:27,340 --> 00:05:31,920 devote 对象是不同的 Mantel 是把自己奉献给了古生物 63 00:05:31,920 --> 00:05:36,620 学而他的妻子是把自己奉献给了 Mantel 把他的时间精 64 00:05:36,620 --> 00:05:41,020 力和他的爱都献给了他除了这个 devoted 它还是一个 65 00:05:41,020 --> 00:05:45,960 observant personobservant 动词 observe 我们见过它 66 00:05:45,960 --> 00:05:51,900 的两个意思一个是细心的观察还有一个是表示表达我 67 00:05:51,900 --> 00:05:52,400 们 68 00:05:52,430 --> 00:05:57,030 先前见过多次就什么人 observe 就表示什么人说什么 69 00:05:57,030 --> 00:06:01,830 人认为不过这里的 observant 它是第一个意思的形容 70 00:06:01,830 --> 00:06:07,150 词形式意思就是观察非常细致入微的观察力很强的他 71 00:06:07,150 --> 00:06:12,430 的妻子不仅非常爱他而且观察力还非常强 In 72 00:06:13,900 --> 00:06:18,120 1822while he was making a house call on a patient in 73 00:06:18,120 --> 00:06:22,060 rural Sussex Mrs.Mantell went for a strolldown a 74 00:06:22,060 --> 00:06:26,100 nearby lane and in a pile of rubble that had been left to 75 00:06:26,100 --> 00:06:30,660 fill potholes She found a curious object a curved brown 76 00:06:30,660 --> 00:06:34,380 stoneabout the size of a small walnut A 77 00:06:34,830 --> 00:06:38,930 house call means a doctor's visit to a patient 也就是出 78 00:06:38,930 --> 00:06:45,870 诊那有一天 Mantel 到 S ussex 的农村去出诊而他的妻子 79 00:06:45,870 --> 00:06:49,230 Went for a stroll down a nearby lane Went for a stroll 80 00:06:49,230 --> 00:06:54,290 means went for a walk 就去闲逛瞎逛没有什么目的的 A 81 00:06:54,290 --> 00:06:58,710 stroll Down a nearby lane And in a pile of rubble that has 82 00:06:58,710 --> 00:07:03,370 been left to fill potholes Rubble 就是这样的碎石块 83 00:07:03,370 --> 00:07:09,730 Potholes 是指路上的这样一个洞叫 potholes 路边呢他 84 00:07:09,730 --> 00:07:14,830 看到一堆的碎石块人家把这个碎石块放在那是打算要 85 00:07:14,830 --> 00:07:17,730 填补这个路上的大洞的 86 00:07:18,310 --> 00:07:22,650 那就在这个 rubble 里边是 found a curious object a 87 00:07:22,650 --> 00:07:26,750 curious object means a rather strange object 看到了一 88 00:07:26,750 --> 00:07:32,910 个有点奇怪的东西 a curved brown stone 一个弯曲的棕 89 00:07:32,910 --> 00:07:38,770 色的石头 about the size of a sma ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）