第6章 红牙利爪的科学 Science Red in Tooth and Claw · 第2讲S3

1. 讲稿里提到 Smith 只是个 'mineral surveyor'（矿产测量员），为什么他的地图能成为现代地质学的 'cornerstone'（基石），一个非专业人士怎么能做出这么大的贡献？
2. 文中说 Smith 'curiously uninterested' 去探究岩石排列的原因，他只满足于 'content myself with knowing that it is so'。这种只知其然不知其所以然的态度，对他绘制地图有什么具体影响？
3. Smith 的发现和上帝创造论产生了冲突。讲稿里说这让 God 显得 'peculiarly hostile' 而不是 'careless'，这两个词在描述上帝毁灭生物时的语气和含义到底有啥区别？
4. 'not so much... as...' 这个结构在文中出现了两次（比如 'not so much careless as peculiarly hostile' 和 'not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning'）。我该怎么快速判断哪部分是被否定的，哪部分才是重点？
5. Smith 的发现证实了物种是 'repeatedly'（反复）灭绝的，这为什么会让当时的科学家觉得 'inconveniently necessary' 去解释幸存物种的问题？这对后来的进化论有什么铺垫作用？

1. The transcript mentions Smith was just a 'mineral surveyor', so how could his map become the 'cornerstone' of modern geology? How can a non-professional make such a huge contribution?
2. The text says Smith was 'curiously uninterested' in understanding why rocks were laid down that way, contenting himself with just knowing 'that it is so'. What specific impact did this 'knowing the what but not the why' attitude have on his mapping work?
3. Smith's findings conflicted with the theory of divine creation. The transcript says this made God seem 'peculiarly hostile' rather than 'careless'. What's the exact difference in tone and meaning between these two words when describing God's destruction of creatures?
4. The structure 'not so much... as...' appears twice in the text (e.g., 'not so much careless as peculiarly hostile' and 'not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning'). How can I quickly identify which part is being negated and which is the main point?
5. Smith's discovery confirmed that species went extinct 'repeatedly'. Why did this make it 'inconveniently necessary' for scientists to explain why some species survived? How did this pave the way for the theory of evolution?

1 00:00:09,020 --> 00:00:12,740 Smith began at once to make a map of Britain's rock 2 00:00:12,740 --> 00:00:13,160 strata, 3 00:00:13,400 --> 00:00:17,800 which would be published after many trials in 1815, 4 00:00:18,140 --> 00:00:21,680 and would become a cornerstone of modern geology. 5 00:00:22,300 --> 00:00:26,500 Drawing on his knowledge means using his knowledge. 6 00:00:26,720 --> 00:00:30,540 他利用自己当测量员的这个知识。 7 00:00:30,540 --> 00:00:35,140 Smith began at once to make a map of Britain's rock 8 00:00:35,140 --> 00:00:41,160 strata 他立刻就开始绘制英国的岩层地图 which 9 00:00:41,540 --> 00:00:45,720 would be published 这个英国的岩层地图呢 would be 10 00:00:45,720 --> 00:00:53,640 published after many trials in 1815trials 是 t r y try 这 11 00:00:53,640 --> 00:01:00,360 个词的名词形式就是经过多次的实验所以这个地图经 12 00:01:00,360 --> 00:01:06,480 过多次的审核校定之后在 1815 年出版它将成为 would 13 00:01:06,480 --> 00:01:11,040 become a cornerstone of modern geology a cornerstone 14 00:01:11,040 --> 00:01:15,660 is a stone at one of the bottom corners of a building 这个 15 00:01:15,660 --> 00:01:18,300 就是一个 cornerstone 奠基石 16 00:01:19,140 --> 00:01:25,480 所以它的这个地图呢将会成为现代地质学的基石 The 17 00:01:26,380 --> 00:01:30,020 story is comprehensively covered in Simon 18 00:01:30,020 --> 00:01:33,760 Winchester's popular book The Map That Changed the 19 00:01:33,760 --> 00:01:36,660 World Comprehensively covered 20 00:01:37,080 --> 00:01:42,280 意思是被全面地描述全面地报道 C over 21 00:01:42,440 --> 00:01:43,460 并不是覆盖 22 00:01:43,600 --> 00:01:48,700 而是叙述在这个 W inchester 所写的畅销书 23 00:01:48,820 --> 00:01:50,800 改变世界的地图 24 00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:55,320 里边这个事情叙述得非常详细 Unf ortunately, 25 00:01:55,720 --> 00:01:57,560 having had his insight, 26 00:01:57,820 --> 00:02:01,540 Smith was curiously uninterested in understanding 27 00:02:01,540 --> 00:02:06,080 why rocks were laid down in the way they were 然 28 00:02:06,750 --> 00:02:10,810 而遗憾的是,尽管他有这样的真知灼见, 29 00:02:10,850 --> 00:02:15,940 尽管他有这样非凡的洞察力 Smith was curiously 很奇 30 00:02:15,940 --> 00:02:16,430 怪的是, 31 00:02:16,670 --> 00:02:22,650 就是这些岩层为什么会按这样的顺序排列他一点都不 32 00:02:22,650 --> 00:02:27,670 感兴趣他不想去了解 I have left off puzzling about the 33 00:02:27,670 --> 00:02:31,990 origin of strata and content myself with knowing that 34 00:02:31,990 --> 00:02:36,090 it is so to content myself with means to be satisfied 35 00:02:36,090 --> 00:02:44,070 with 满足于也就是他仅仅满足于知其然但是他并不想 36 00:02:44,070 --> 00:02:50,010 要知其所以然 left off 是放弃 I have given up puzzling 37 00:02:50,010 --> 00:02:50,330 about 38 00:02:52,910 --> 00:02:59,770 也就是我没有对岩层的起源也就是岩层形成的原因进 39 00:02:59,770 --> 00:03:04,570 行思考而仅仅满足于了解岩层就是那样排列的 He 40 00:03:04,570 --> 00:03:07,570 recorded 这是在自己的记录里面写的 41 00:03:12,690 --> 00:03:17,390 因为他自己只是一个 mineral surveyor 所以他说呢 the 42 00:03:17,390 --> 00:03:20,890 wise and wherefores 这是一个固定的结构 it means 43 00:03:20,890 --> 00:03:25,930 explanations or reasons 也就是那么多的为什么我不 44 00:03:25,930 --> 00:03:30,770 打算去回答那么多的为什么因为这些东西 cannot come 45 00:03:30,770 --> 00:03:34,110 within the province of a mineral surveyor 这个 46 00:03:34,110 --> 00:03:38,897 province 我们之前学过它可以指行政区划中的省也可 47 00:03:38,897 --> 00:03:44,590 以指远离首都的乡下在这里它仅仅就表示 area the 48 00:03:44,590 --> 00:03:50,350 area of a mineral surveyor 他说这已经超出了一个矿场 49 00:03:50,350 --> 00:03:54,960 勘探员的研究范围 Smith 所 50 00:03:54,990 --> 00:03:57,990 揭 51 00:04:12,590 --> 00:04:17,690 示出来的关于地层的秘密使得物种灭绝的理论在道德 52 00:04:17,690 --> 00:04:22,330 上显得更加的 awkward 更加的难堪了因为前面已经说 53 00:04:22,330 --> 00:04:26,790 过了就是 uncomfortable 让人觉得非常的不舒服 To 54 00:04:27,010 --> 00:04:27,630 begin with, 55 00:04:27,830 --> 00:04:32,450 it confirmed that God had wiped out creatures not 56 00:04:32,450 --> 00:04:34,690 occasionally but repeatedly 57 00:04:35,410 --> 00:04:39,210 To confirm something means to show that something is 58 00:04:39,210 --> 00:04:41,770 true by providing more evidence 59 00:04:42,430 --> 00:04:43,290 首先呢, 60 00:04:43,310 --> 00:04:49,330 他进一步地证实上帝并不是偶尔地让所有的生物灭绝 61 00:04:49,330 --> 00:04:53,390 不是偶尔地消灭所有的生物而是经常这么干 62 00:04:53,390 --> 00:04:56,810 repeatedly he did it again and again 63 00:04:57,590 --> 00:05:02,750 this made him seem not so much careless as peculiarly 64 00:05:02,750 --> 00:05:06,830 hostile him,大写的 him 指的是上帝, 65 00:05:06,910 --> 00:05:11,730 就是 God This made God seem not so much careless 66 00:05:12,410 --> 00:05:17,270 这个部分是被否定的也就是说这么看来上帝好像并不 67 00:05:17,270 --> 00:05:22,290 仅仅只是不小心的把这些生物都毁灭掉那到底是什么 68 00:05:22,290 --> 00:05:27,170 呢它是 peculiarly hostile 它对于这些生物是充满敌 69 00:05:27,170 --> 00:05:30,090 意的它是故意这么做的 It 70 00:05:30,350 --> 00:05:35,010 also made it inconveniently necessary to explain how 71 00:05:35,010 --> 00:05:38,850 some species were wiped outwhile others continued 72 00:05:38,850 --> 00:05:44,790 unimpeded into succeeding eonsunimpeded means 73 00:05:44,790 --> 00:05:50,930 unstoppedundisturbedimpede 是阻碍的意思而 74 00:05:51,630 --> 00:05:55,950 succeeding 就是前面见到过的 subsequent 有随后的 75 00:05:55,950 --> 00:06:01,410 followingeons 我们之前有见过有翻译作周在这里呢 76 00:06:01,410 --> 00:06:05,810 并没有特指周只是 periods 就是以后的时期 77 00:06:07,490 --> 00:06:12,310 我们看到这里还要注意这个 it 指代的是什么不要跟丢 78 00:06:12,310 --> 00:06:15,790 了这个 it 指的就是 Smith's revelation regarding 79 00:06:15,790 --> 00:06:16,530 strata 80 00:06:17,130 --> 00:06:22,030 就是这项发现 made it inconveniently necessary to 81 00:06:22,030 --> 00:06:26,710 explain 使得这些科学家又多了一下麻烦就是他们还 82 00:06:26,710 --> 00:06:34,410 得去解释为什么有的物种被灭绝了而有些物种呢却顺 83 00:06:34,410 --> 00:06:38,230 顺利利的进入到下一个阶段 inconveniently 84 00:06:38,230 --> 00:06:43,240 necessary 非常有必要去解释但是却非常不方便很不 85 00:06:43,240 --> 00:06:50,250 好解释 not so much as 它的含义就相当于 rather than 86 00:06:50,930 --> 00:06:57,010 与其说不如说被否定的是 not so much 后面所带的这个 87 00:06:57,010 --> 00:07:02,910 部分肯定的是 as 后面的跟 rather than 相似 the great 88 00:07:02,910 --> 00:07:06,610 use of a school education Education is not so much to 89 00:07:06,610 --> 00:07:11,610 teach you things as to teach you the art of learning 被否 90 00:07:11,610 --> 00:07:16,950 定的是这个部分 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）