第6章 红牙利爪的科学 Science Red in Tooth and Claw · 第2讲S2

1. 讲稿里说Meriwether Lewis是'co leader'，那个前缀'co-'在这里具体是什么意思呀？为什么不用single leader？
2. 文中提到William Smith在驿馆'jotted down'那个想法，'jot down'和普通的'write down'有啥区别吗？
3. 这里有个对比，居维叶在巴黎很'celebrated'，而William Smith很'obscure'，这两个词在形容名气时具体差别在哪？
4. 定语从句'that would also have lasting ramifications'修饰的是fossils还是insight？为什么修饰insight对理解历史影响更重要？
5. William Smith发现只要记录'which species appeared in which strata'就能判断岩石年龄，这个原理在现代地质学里还有用吗？

1. The transcript says Meriwether Lewis was the 'co leader'. What exactly does the prefix 'co-' mean here? Why not just a single leader?
2. It mentions William Smith 'jotted down' the idea at the coaching inn. What's the difference between 'jot down' and just 'write down'?
3. There's a contrast here: Cuvier was 'celebrated' in Paris, while William Smith was 'obscure'. What's the specific difference in meaning when describing fame?
4. In the relative clause 'that would also have lasting ramifications', does it modify 'fossils' or 'insight'? Why is it important for understanding history that it modifies 'insight'?
5. William Smith discovered that by noting 'which species appeared in which strata', one could determine rock age. Is this principle still used in modern geology?

1 00:00:05,740 --> 00:00:09,200 Jefferson's personal secretary and trusted friend, 2 00:00:09,380 --> 00:00:10,260 Mer iwether Lewis, 3 00:00:10,600 --> 00:00:14,620 was chosen co leader and chief naturalist for the 4 00:00:14,620 --> 00:00:14,980 expedition. 5 00:00:16,330 --> 00:00:19,510 The expedition 就是指这个考察活动, 6 00:00:19,550 --> 00:00:20,450 这个考察团。 7 00:00:21,090 --> 00:00:25,530 Jefferson 自己的私人秘书以及他的朋友, 8 00:00:25,750 --> 00:00:29,430 他非常信任的朋友,这个叫 Mer iwether Lewis, 9 00:00:29,770 --> 00:00:35,150 was chosen co leader.He was chosen co leader 就是他被 10 00:00:35,150 --> 00:00:43,100 选为 co leader 加上这个 co 就说明不止一个领队有两个 11 00:00:43,100 --> 00:00:49,740 以上而这个朋友呢是领队之一他除了是领队之一以外 12 00:00:49,740 --> 00:00:54,680 他还是 chief naturalist for the expedition 是这次的 13 00:00:54,680 --> 00:00:58,520 考察活动的首席博物学家 The 14 00:00:59,900 --> 00:01:04,320 person selected to advise him On what to look out for 15 00:01:04,320 --> 00:01:08,600 with regard to animals living and deceased Was none 16 00:01:08,600 --> 00:01:13,640 other than Casper Wister 这个 17 00:01:13,930 --> 00:01:20,510 句子的主干成分就是 The person was Casper Wister 那个 18 00:01:20,510 --> 00:01:27,630 人就是 C asper Wister 那那个人到底是做什么的人呢这 19 00:01:27,630 --> 00:01:32,270 后面这个 selected to advise him 这是做定语的修饰的 20 00:01:32,270 --> 00:01:32,690 person 21 00:01:48,710 --> 00:01:53,930 被选派去 advise him 这个 him 指的就是这位 trusted 22 00:01:53,930 --> 00:01:55,450 friend Mer iwether Lewis 23 00:01:56,400 --> 00:02:01,880 也就是 Jefferson 选了一个人去指点这个 Mary Weather 24 00:02:01,880 --> 00:02:05,100 Lewis 就是你要找一些活的动物比如说 living 25 00:02:05,100 --> 00:02:10,820 mastodons 你到底要关注哪些东西而寻找死的动物也 26 00:02:10,820 --> 00:02:17,090 就是那些化石你又得要关注哪些东西就是被派去给这 27 00:02:17,090 --> 00:02:22,820 个领队提供咨询服务的这个人呢 was none other than 28 00:02:23,590 --> 00:02:28,150 恰恰就是前面说到过的 C asper Wister In 29 00:02:29,140 --> 00:02:32,120 the same year,in fact,the same month, 30 00:02:32,340 --> 00:02:36,300 that the aristocratic and celebrated Gouville was 31 00:02:36,300 --> 00:02:38,940 propounding his extinction theories in Paris. 32 00:02:39,520 --> 00:02:41,460 On the other side of the English Channel, 33 00:02:41,660 --> 00:02:45,160 a rather more obscure English man was having an insight 34 00:02:45,160 --> 00:02:48,860 into the value of fossils that would also have lasting 35 00:02:48,860 --> 00:02:49,560 ram ifications. 36 00:02:50,300 --> 00:02:53,820 Celebrated means famous, 37 00:02:54,080 --> 00:02:56,400 celebrity means famous people. 38 00:02:56,660 --> 00:02:59,020 大家要注意这个并不是庆祝的意思。 39 00:03:00,340 --> 00:03:05,600 在同一年事实上就在同一个月那位著名的贵族居维叶 40 00:03:05,600 --> 00:03:13,860 先生正在巴黎提出他的物种灭绝理论 On 41 00:03:14,080 --> 00:03:17,120 the other side of the English Channel This is the 42 00:03:17,120 --> 00:03:21,300 English Channel K ofir was in France in Paris 43 00:03:21,840 --> 00:03:25,020 And the other side of the channel is in the United 44 00:03:25,020 --> 00:03:25,520 Kingdom 45 00:03:26,220 --> 00:03:30,360 So on the other side of the English Channel a rather more 46 00:03:30,360 --> 00:03:34,800 obscure Englishman.Obscure means not well known, 47 00:03:34,900 --> 00:03:36,720 not famous,and not important. 48 00:03:37,560 --> 00:03:41,560 English man was having an insight into the value of 49 00:03:41,560 --> 00:03:45,060 fossils that would also have lasting ram ifications. 50 00:03:45,600 --> 00:03:49,280 R am ifications means an additional consequence or 51 00:03:49,280 --> 00:03:53,020 result that you had not expected when you started out to 52 00:03:53,020 --> 00:03:59,660 do something.而在英吉利海峡彼岸一个名不见经状的 53 00:03:59,660 --> 00:04:06,480 英国人也正在对化石的价值有新的见解而他的这个见 54 00:04:06,480 --> 00:04:11,280 解呢 would also have lasting resultlasting influence 55 00:04:11,280 --> 00:04:16,840 他的见解对后世也有长远的影响大家要注意一下 that 56 00:04:16,840 --> 00:04:20,900 would also have lasting ram ifications 这个定语从具 57 00:04:20,900 --> 00:04:24,560 所修饰的对象并不是 fossils, 58 00:04:24,660 --> 00:04:26,560 也不是 value of fossils, 59 00:04:26,820 --> 00:04:32,660 而是 insight,是他的这个见解对后世有长远的影响。 60 00:04:35,150 --> 00:04:38,310 William Smith was a young supervisor of construction 61 00:04:38,310 --> 00:04:40,490 on the Somerset Coal Canal. 62 00:04:41,310 --> 00:04:44,850 Supervisor of construction 是建筑监督员, 63 00:04:44,970 --> 00:04:48,990 这位名不见经状的英国人就是 William Smith, 64 00:04:49,210 --> 00:04:51,770 他只是一个建筑监督员。 65 00:04:51,770 --> 00:04:53,890 On the evening of January 5, 66 00:04:54,150 --> 00:04:55,090 1796, 67 00:04:55,510 --> 00:04:59,250 he was sitting in a coaching inn in Somerset when he 68 00:04:59,250 --> 00:05:02,730 jotted down the notion that would eventually make his 69 00:05:02,730 --> 00:05:06,090 reputation Coaching inn 是驿站 70 00:05:06,210 --> 00:05:12,470 驿馆 Inn means hostel 是一个小驿站就是小客栈这样的 71 00:05:12,470 --> 00:05:17,450 叫做 inn Coaching 其中的这个 coach 就是马车的意思 72 00:05:18,460 --> 00:05:23,900 当然在英国这个 coach 可以指大巴在美国 coach 是马车 73 00:05:23,900 --> 00:05:28,840 这个 coaching inn 就驿馆当他坐在驿馆的时候 he joked 74 00:05:28,840 --> 00:05:33,900 it downjoked it down means wrote down casually 随意地 75 00:05:33,900 --> 00:05:38,540 写下来随意地记录下来一个 ide a that will eventually 76 00:05:38,540 --> 00:05:43,140 make his reputation 就是他随意写下来的这个想法将 77 00:05:43,140 --> 00:05:46,080 会使他名扬天下 to 78 00:05:46,270 --> 00:05:49,750 interpret rocks there needs to be some means of 79 00:05:49,750 --> 00:05:53,790 correlation a basis on which you can tell that those 80 00:05:53,790 --> 00:05:57,650 carboniferous rocks from Dev on are younger than these 81 00:05:57,650 --> 00:06:03,670 Cambrian rocks from Wales means 方法手段这个 s 并不是 82 00:06:03,670 --> 00:06:09,030 因为这个词是附属形式而是这个单词本身就有一个 s 83 00:06:09,030 --> 00:06:15,070 结位完整的单词就是 meanscorrelation 84 00:06:15,110 --> 00:06:23,340 要看到其中的 relate 而以 relate 是联系关系的意思那 85 00:06:23,340 --> 00:06:26,650 么 correlation 指的是相关性他 86 00:06:27,390 --> 00:06:32,450 认为 to interpret rocks means to explain rocks 为了解 87 00:06:32,450 --> 00:06:37,970 释岩石之间的差异那我们就必须要有某种方法或手 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）