第6章 红牙利爪的科学 Science Red in Tooth and Claw · 第1讲S1

1. 老师，讲稿里说那个发现大腿骨的人错失了成为恐龙发现者的机会，为什么这根骨头当时居然没引起大家的兴趣，反而被扔进储藏室了？
2. 文中提到美国人对古生物遗骸处于“a froth of excitement”（狂热兴奋）的状态，这跟他提到的法国博物学家 Buffon 提出的那个“奇怪论断”有啥关系？
3. New Jersey（新泽西）和 New York（纽约）这种命名方式，反映了当时欧洲移民什么样的心理或习惯？
4. Heterosaur 和 Duck-billed dinosaur 指的是同一种东西，为什么文中要特意区分这两个名字，作者用“wizard”形容描述者是想表达啥意思？
5. Buffon 认为新大陆的生物在各方面都“inferior”（低等/劣等），这种偏见在当时为什么反而引发了美国人的兴奋和反驳，而不是直接接受？

1. The transcript mentions that the person who found the thigh bone missed the chance to be the discoverer of dinosaurs. Why did this bone attract so little interest that it was eventually thrown into a storeroom?
2. The text says Americans were in 'a froth of excitement' about ancient animal remains. What's the connection between this excitement and the strange assertion made by the French naturalist Buffon?
3. Regarding place names like New Jersey and New York, what kind of psychology or habit of European immigrants does this naming pattern reflect?
4. Heterosaur and duck-billed dinosaur refer to the same thing. Why does the text distinguish between these two names, and what does the author mean by describing the describer as a 'wizard'?
5. Buffon claimed that creatures in the New World were 'inferior' in nearly every way. Why did this prejudice trigger excitement and rebuttal among Americans at that time, rather than being accepted directly?

1 00:00:00,720 --> 00:00:04,760 Our whole universe was in a hot dance state that nearly 2 00:00:04,760 --> 00:00:06,460 14 million years ago, 3 00:00:06,560 --> 00:00:09,140 expansion started way before thinkers began to 4 00:00:09,140 --> 00:00:12,640 courier Chapter 6.Science, 5 00:00:12,940 --> 00:00:17,300 Red in Tooth and Claw Claw 就是这样的爪子从 6 00:00:17,420 --> 00:00:20,910 这个题目就可以看出来科学界在这个时候争斗到了什 7 00:00:20,910 --> 00:00:24,160 么样的情况牙齿爪子都用上了, 8 00:00:24,220 --> 00:00:26,660 而且是朝朝见红 In 9 00:00:28,810 --> 00:00:31,430 1787,some in New Jersey, 10 00:00:31,550 --> 00:00:33,930 exactly who now seems to be forgotten, 11 00:00:34,230 --> 00:00:37,570 found an enormous thigh bone sticking out of a stream 12 00:00:37,570 --> 00:00:39,550 bank at a place called Woodrow. 13 00:00:40,580 --> 00:00:42,920 New Jersey 是美国的地名, 14 00:00:43,020 --> 00:00:44,760 Jersey 是英国地名, 15 00:00:44,820 --> 00:00:46,980 而 New Jersey 指的就是美洲的一个地方。 16 00:00:47,190 --> 00:00:49,650 这种情况,我们之前有遇到过, 17 00:00:49,710 --> 00:00:51,690 比如说 York 是英国地名, 18 00:00:51,810 --> 00:00:53,850 那么 New York 是美国的。 19 00:00:54,010 --> 00:00:59,890 从欧洲移民到美洲的人常常会把自己家乡自己比较熟 20 00:00:59,890 --> 00:01:03,310 悉的这些地名用来命名这个新的地点那 21 00:01:03,760 --> 00:01:08,540 在新哲西有这么一个人这个人到底是谁现在已经是被 22 00:01:08,540 --> 00:01:09,180 人遗忘了 23 00:01:10,170 --> 00:01:13,730 He found an enormous flybone sticking out of a stream 24 00:01:13,730 --> 00:01:14,610 bank 在沙 25 00:01:21,330 --> 00:01:23,710 溪边发现一条巨大的腿 There 26 00:01:27,870 --> 00:01:29,870 are many species of creatures still alive 27 00:01:36,690 --> 00:01:38,190 任何一种物种 28 00:01:38,800 --> 00:01:40,940 Certainly not in New Jersey 肯 29 00:01:41,060 --> 00:01:43,500 定不是在新泽西这边存在的那么 30 00:01:44,590 --> 00:01:46,010 what little is known a 31 00:01:49,210 --> 00:01:49,970 large duck? 32 00:01:51,530 --> 00:01:53,090 根据我们现在指 33 00:02:07,520 --> 00:02:08,980 的是鸟类的户 34 00:02:18,930 --> 00:02:20,330 那这个 heterosaur 35 00:02:20,430 --> 00:02:23,250 跟 duck billed dinosaur 这两个指的是同 36 00:02:23,510 --> 00:02:25,830 样的东西但是 heterosaur 是 some 37 00:02:31,680 --> 00:02:32,940 dinosaurs were at the 38 00:02:42,160 --> 00:02:43,360 nation's leading who 39 00:02:44,420 --> 00:02:45,780 described its enemy as 40 00:03:09,490 --> 00:03:10,850 a wizard 所以 41 00:03:56,830 --> 00:03:57,750 是但是 42 00:04:35,160 --> 00:04:39,690 有毫无创建的毫无真知作鉴的就是这么说了一下噢 43 00:04:39,770 --> 00:04:40,390 这个骨头 44 00:04:42,860 --> 00:04:46,240 He thus missed the chance Half a century ahead of anyone 45 00:04:46,240 --> 00:04:51,260 else to be the discoverer of dynasties 所以它就这样错 46 00:04:51,260 --> 00:04:53,300 失了比别人提早 47 00:04:57,170 --> 00:04:58,070 Indeed, 48 00:04:58,090 --> 00:05:01,910 the bone excited so little interest that it was put in 49 00:05:01,910 --> 00:05:02,590 the storeroom 50 00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:05,060 and eventually disappeared altogether 不 51 00:05:18,460 --> 00:05:22,320 引起人们的什么信念所以它就被丢到 the 52 00:05:28,590 --> 00:05:30,610 first dinosaur bone ever 53 00:05:33,780 --> 00:05:35,160 所以这是第一个 54 00:05:38,140 --> 00:05:38,660 That 55 00:05:41,700 --> 00:05:45,500 the bone didn't attract greater interest is more than a 56 00:05:45,500 --> 00:05:46,860 little puzzling for 57 00:05:46,890 --> 00:05:50,550 its appearance came at a time when America was in a froth 58 00:05:50,550 --> 00:05:53,390 of excitementabout the remains of large ancient 59 00:05:53,390 --> 00:05:54,970 animals the 60 00:05:56,280 --> 00:06:00,100 bone didn't attract greater interest 整个是主语就是 61 00:06:00,100 --> 00:06:04,140 整个句子是主语这是一个主语同句就 62 00:06:04,210 --> 00:06:09,130 这根骨头居然没有引起更大的兴趣这一点 is more than 63 00:06:09,130 --> 00:06:13,510 just a little puzzling this means it is very puzzling 是 64 00:06:13,510 --> 00:06:15,130 非常令人费解 65 00:06:15,610 --> 00:06:18,420 because appeared at a time 66 00:06:18,740 --> 00:06:23,160 when America was very excited about the bones of large 67 00:06:23,160 --> 00:06:27,430 ancient animalsfroth 就是这样的 in 68 00:06:29,480 --> 00:06:31,420 a froth of excitement 就是 69 00:06:31,480 --> 00:06:34,900 当时整个美国处于这种疯狂的状态 70 00:06:34,960 --> 00:06:37,600 大家都非常的激动非常感谢 71 00:06:39,080 --> 00:06:42,000 他们兴趣的是什么呢 about the remains of large 72 00:06:42,000 --> 00:06:46,460 ancient animalsremains 我们之前是有学过的就是遗 73 00:06:46,460 --> 00:06:49,240 骸残骸主要就是指骨头 74 00:06:51,250 --> 00:06:54,870 The cause of this froth was a strange assertion by the 75 00:06:54,870 --> 00:06:57,930 great French naturalist Lecomte de Beaufort, 76 00:06:58,170 --> 00:07:01,250 he of the heated spheres from the previous chapter, 77 00:07:01,610 --> 00:07:05,450 that living things in the new world were inferior in 78 00:07:05,450 --> 00:07:08,210 nearly every way to those of the old world. 79 00:07:09,690 --> 00:07:11,350 The froth means the excitement, 80 00:07:11,690 --> 00:07:14,050 the excitement about the remains of large ancient 81 00:07:14,050 --> 00:07:14,650 animals, 82 00:07:14,910 --> 00:07:20,860 指的是美国人对大型古生物的化石的这种狂热是有什 83 00:07:20,860 --> 00:07:21,730 么引起的呢? 84 00:07:21,730 --> 00:07:26,310 跟有一个人有关就是我们前面一章提到过的那位 85 00:07:26,310 --> 00:07:32,710 Comedible Fong 就是那位把球体加热然后在冷却的过 86 00:07:32,710 --> 00:07:37,850 程中去计算它的冷却速度的那位 Comedible Fong 他提 87 00:07:37,850 --> 00:07:41,570 出了一个 Strange Assertion 你看到这个 Assertion 就 88 00:07:41,570 --> 00:07:47,510 知道作者对他所提的观点所持的态度就是比较否定的 89 00:07:47,510 --> 00:07:51,170 因为 Assertion 往往是指比较武断的这种 St atement 90 00:07:51,710 --> 00:07:54,190 他提了一个奇怪的论点那就是 91 00:08:06,520 --> 00:08:09,920 这个指的就是所谓的新大陆美洲 92 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:17,100 美洲的所有的生物欧 93 00:08:18,920 --> 00:08:23,740 洲的所有生物都更差无论在哪个方面都是 inferior 都 94 00:08:23,740 --> 00:08:25,200 更低等更劣等