第5章 敲石头的人 The Stone-Breakers · 第4讲

1. 老师，讲稿里说辩论一开始是 'innocuously' 的，后来却变成了 'war'，这中间到底发生了什么变化呀？
2. 为什么 'Devonian'（泥盆纪）这个词在中文里读起来跟英文发音完全不一样，而 'Permian'（二叠纪）虽然来源是地名，中文翻译却体现了意思呢？
3. 'Provincial' 这个词在讲稿里既指地理位置上的偏远，又指人 '土气/没见识'，这两个意思之间有啥内在联系吗？
4. 地质学词汇里英国名字那么多，是因为早期英国学者特别活跃，还是因为英国地质学发展得最早？
5. 现在地质学里还有很多其他国家的名字，这跟讲稿里提到的 'prospect'（勘探）热潮有啥关系？

1. Teacher, the transcript says the debate started 'innocuously' but later turned into a 'war'; what exactly happened in between?
2. Why does 'Devonian' sound completely different in Chinese compared to English, while 'Permian', despite being a place name, has a Chinese translation that reflects its meaning?
3. In the transcript, 'provincial' refers both to remote geographical locations and to people being 'unsophisticated' or 'rural'; what's the connection between these two meanings?
4. Why are there so many British names in geological vocabulary? Is it because early British scholars were particularly active, or because geology developed earliest in the UK?
5. There are many non-British names in modern geology; how is this related to the 'prospect' boom mentioned in the transcript?

1 00:00:06,030 --> 00:00:08,450 He is speaking innocuouslyly enough with headings 2 00:00:08,450 --> 00:00:13,170 such as Aren as of Gentle manly Debate and Unraveling 3 00:00:13,170 --> 00:00:18,030 the Great Wacker.Innocuously means harmlessly, 4 00:00:18,230 --> 00:00:23,130 无害无毒的,也就是刚开始的时候, 5 00:00:23,390 --> 00:00:25,110 这个 heading 这个题目呢, 6 00:00:25,190 --> 00:00:28,550 还是好像人畜无害的,还是比较温和的, 7 00:00:28,610 --> 00:00:32,450 比如说是 Aren as of Gentle manly Debate, 8 00:00:32,550 --> 00:00:35,670 声势辩论的禁忌场。 9 00:00:36,440 --> 00:00:41,400 还是具有绅士风度的辩论 and unraveling the grey 10 00:00:41,400 --> 00:00:41,720 wacker 11 00:00:42,970 --> 00:00:48,810 废食探秘 unraveling 这个 unravel 意思就是去揭开什 12 00:00:48,810 --> 00:00:51,490 么东西的谜团揭开迷雾的意思 13 00:00:52,110 --> 00:00:56,790 but then proceed on to the grey wacker defended and 14 00:00:56,790 --> 00:00:57,090 attacked 15 00:00:57,910 --> 00:01:03,770 但是呢后来这个事态就开始升级了后面的这个 title 16 00:01:03,770 --> 00:01:10,280 就变成废食的防御与攻击 Defend it and attack 就是有 17 00:01:10,280 --> 00:01:12,850 人去 defend 这个概念有人去 attack 18 00:01:14,040 --> 00:01:20,520 Reproves and recriminations Reprove 是指责 Rec 19 00:01:20,520 --> 00:01:24,920 rimination 我们先看 criminate 这个词 criminate 是控 20 00:01:24,920 --> 00:01:30,920 告那 recriminate 就是反控也就是说你告我偷东西我 21 00:01:30,920 --> 00:01:34,560 还反过来告你偷东西就这样一人骂对方一句 22 00:01:35,900 --> 00:01:42,540 指责与反控 the spread of ugly rumorsrumors 是没有证 23 00:01:42,540 --> 00:01:47,800 实没有证据的一些言论谣言 Weaver recounts his 24 00:01:47,800 --> 00:01:51,400 heresy Weaver 是一个人的名字 recounts 25 00:01:51,420 --> 00:01:58,480 收回他的异端邪说 heresy 是指不被正统理论所接受的 26 00:01:58,480 --> 00:02:03,480 这种异端邪说经常其实是指那种异教邪教什么的 27 00:02:03,480 --> 00:02:08,380 Putting a provincial in his place Provincial 可能大家 28 00:02:08,380 --> 00:02:12,470 比较熟悉那个 province 我们中国说的一个省一个省就 29 00:02:12,470 --> 00:02:16,910 是叫 province 但是英语里边这个 province 其实还有这 30 00:02:16,910 --> 00:02:21,660 样的一个意思就是距离首都很远的地方叫 province 31 00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:26,880 所以呢 provincial 就有了这么一个意思就是向巴佬 32 00:02:26,880 --> 00:02:32,380 Put somebody in his place 就是说这个向巴佬原来可能 33 00:02:32,380 --> 00:02:37,560 过于膨胀现在我们要把他放到属于他的位置去让他看 34 00:02:37,560 --> 00:02:42,400 清楚自己几斤几两 And in case there was any doubt that 35 00:02:42,400 --> 00:02:46,060 this was war Multisan opens the Rhineland Campaign 36 00:02:46,060 --> 00:02:51,980 Campaign 是指为了达到一个较大的目标而采取的一系 37 00:02:51,980 --> 00:02:56,940 列的军事行动经常是指战役当然他也可以引申可以指 38 00:02:56,940 --> 00:03:01,920 其他的一些活动运动这样的不一定是指战役但是在这 39 00:03:01,920 --> 00:03:03,240 儿呢,它就是战役的意思 40 00:03:03,700 --> 00:03:06,820 Murchison opens the Rhineland campaign 就是 41 00:03:06,820 --> 00:03:11,560 Murchison 打响了或者说掀起了这个 Rhineland 战役 42 00:03:12,240 --> 00:03:15,860 这个括号里的意思 In case there was any doubt that this 43 00:03:15,860 --> 00:03:18,200 was war 这个 this was war, 44 00:03:18,300 --> 00:03:20,540 这是一场战争但也许呢, 45 00:03:20,580 --> 00:03:24,820 可能有的人对它有一些怀疑觉得不至于吧要是你有这 46 00:03:24,820 --> 00:03:25,560 种怀疑的话 47 00:03:26,180 --> 00:03:30,220 这么一个标题恐怕就会打消你的所有疑虑了因为直接 48 00:03:30,220 --> 00:03:33,960 campaign 这个词都出来了所以我们可以从这些标题里 49 00:03:33,960 --> 00:03:39,180 面看出来当时的辩论激烈到什么程度那这个 50 00:03:39,180 --> 00:03:44,800 Rhineland 值得看一下 Rhineland 是德国的蓝银河地区 51 00:03:44,800 --> 00:03:49,860 我们先分开 Rhineland 实际上这个 Rhin 就是 52 00:03:50,250 --> 00:03:52,270 蓝银河 The Rhine River 53 00:03:52,970 --> 00:03:58,110 流经德国的这个距离是很长的所以算是德国的母亲河 54 00:04:10,280 --> 00:04:10,800 这 55 00:04:11,060 --> 00:04:17,640 场论战在 1879 年终于得到了解决解决的方法就是一个 56 00:04:17,640 --> 00:04:23,440 很简单的权宜之计那就是想出一个新的时期把它命名 57 00:04:23,440 --> 00:04:29,740 为奥陶计然后把它插入到先前所说的两个时代之间也 58 00:04:29,740 --> 00:04:34,880 就是汉武纪和尼盆纪之间 insert 我们之前也学过这个 59 00:04:34,880 --> 00:04:40,000 词 it means to be put between two things 插入 because 60 00:04:40,730 --> 00:04:43,810 the British were the most active in the early years 61 00:04:43,810 --> 00:04:47,610 British names are predominant in the geological 62 00:04:47,610 --> 00:04:51,070 lexiconpredominant means most common, 63 00:04:51,330 --> 00:04:55,910 most powerfulgeological lexicon means all the 64 00:04:55,910 --> 00:05:00,810 vocabulary in geology 是地质学方面的专业词汇, 65 00:05:00,870 --> 00:05:01,810 专业词典 66 00:05:03,690 --> 00:05:09,057 由于在早期地质学界最活跃的学者都是英国人所以 67 00:05:09,057 --> 00:05:12,710 呢,在地质学的词汇里边英文名字, 68 00:05:12,770 --> 00:05:15,650 就英国的名字占了绝大多数 69 00:05:16,370 --> 00:05:20,110 Devonian is of course from the English county of Dev on 70 00:05:20,760 --> 00:05:25,540 Devonian 这个名字当然是来自英国的德文郡, 71 00:05:25,620 --> 00:05:27,220 这个 Dev on,这个 county 72 00:05:27,740 --> 00:05:31,990 County 可以是郡或者县的意思但是在英国的话我们都 73 00:05:31,990 --> 00:05:32,980 是翻译作郡 74 00:05:34,310 --> 00:05:34,750 好了, 75 00:05:34,810 --> 00:05:38,730 现在我们可能会觉得如果是 Divonian 跟 Divine 我们还 76 00:05:38,730 --> 00:05:41,650 觉得这二者之间肯定是可以联系的 77 00:05:42,230 --> 00:05:44,710 那么尼盆记又是怎么回事 78 00:05:45,510 --> 00:05:46,250 其实呢, 79 00:05:46,290 --> 00:05:50,750 尼盆记还真的就是从这个 Divonian 是音译过来的, 80 00:05:50,870 --> 00:05:56,850 不是意译可是这个音译呢是绕了一大圈不是直接从英 81 00:05:56,850 --> 00:06:03,730 语翻译成中文而是从英语翻译成日语再从日语接到中 82 00:06:03,730 --> 00:06:04,430 文里来的 83 00:06:05,020 --> 00:06:09,580 在日语里边他们把这个 Devonian 就是根据这个 Dev on 84 00:06:09,560 --> 00:06:12,220 的发音用这两个字来翻译 85 00:06:12,720 --> 00:06:16,880 这两个字在日语里边的发音跟 Dev on 是很相似的 86 00:06:18,030 --> 00:06:22,810 那中国呢就把这个日语这个尼盆记直接搬过来了但是 87 00:06:22,810 --> 00:06:26,870 我们当然就没有把他的发音也一起搬过来我们按照汉 88 00:06:26,870 --> 00:06:31,470 字的发音去读那这样的话就变得跟原来风马牛不相及 89 00:06:31,470 --> 00:06:36,710 了其实后面的这个 Cambrian 这个韩武记也是经过日本 90 00:06:36,710 --> 00:06:41,670 这样绕了一圈来到中国所以呢也是听起来都不像了其 91 00:06:41,670 --> 00:06:48,090 实日本的开放比中国早由于日本明治维新期间拼命的 92 00:06:48,090 --> 00:06:54,540 向西方学习很多学术词汇从英文翻译成了日语然后中 93 00:06:54,540 --> 00:06:59,950 国又拼命地向日本学习把日语当中的这些词汇直接引 94 00:06:59,950 --> 00:07:05,330 进到中文里因为也很方便都是汉字嘛只是读音不太一 95 00:07:05,330 --> 00:07:10,770 样这些词我们现在很多都非常熟悉多数人都已经不知 96 00:07:10,770 --> 00:07:16,630 道它们的来源是日语比如说纪律要遵守纪律那个纪律 97 00:07:16,630 --> 00:07:25,090 革命科学文学电话自由这些全部都是从英语到日语再 98 00:07:25,090 --> 00:07:29,83 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）