第5章 敲石头的人 The Stone-Breakers · 第3讲

1. 老师，讲稿里说 Parkinson 差点被发配到澳大利亚，这里的 'came within an ace of' 具体是啥意思呀？为什么用 'ace'（一点/王牌）来表示‘差点’呢？
2. 为什么 Parkinson 写的那本关于化石的书叫 'Organic Remains of a Former World'？这里的 'Remains' 是指尸体残骸还是别的什么？
3. 讲稿里提到 Parkinson 和 Murchison 都很出名，但说 Lyle 'more influential than all the others combined'，这俩人的影响力到底有啥区别？是贡献大小不同还是别的啥原因？
4. Lyle 的妈妈为啥非要把他带到英格兰南部养，说苏格兰人是 'feckless drunks'？这反映了当时英国人对苏格兰人有啥刻板印象？
5. Lyle 的父亲既是研究但丁的文学权威，又是研究苔藓的植物学专家，这两样东西看起来风马牛不相及，为啥他会同时是这两个领域的权威呢？

1. What exactly does 'came within an ace of' mean in the context of Parkinson being sent to Australia? Why use 'ace' to express 'almost'?
2. Why is Parkinson's book on fossils titled 'Organic Remains of a Former World'? Does 'Remains' here refer to corpses or something else?
3. The transcript says Lyle was 'more influential than all the others combined.' What's the actual difference in influence between Lyle and the others like Parkinson or Murchison?
4. Why did Lyle's mother move him to southern England, calling Scots 'feckless drunks'? What stereotype about Scots does this reveal?
5. Lyle's father was an authority on both Dante and mosses. These two fields seem completely unrelated; why was he an expert in both?

1 00:00:04,600 --> 00:00:06,800 大白星阿尔伦托尔丰 2 00:00:07,540 --> 00:00:10,040 前段 3 00:00:11,930 --> 00:00:19,750 时间我们学到大众超大的图像波尔林墨齿森和其他人 4 00:00:19,750 --> 00:00:22,750 包括杜特杨克林森、 5 00:00:24,190 --> 00:00:29,290 查尔斯莱奥我们已经学到几个人与 6 00:00:30,540 --> 00:00:33,400 威廉伯克伦我们今天也将学到他们 7 00:00:35,220 --> 00:00:38,020 Then there was Dr.James Parkinson, 8 00:00:38,460 --> 00:00:41,940 who was also an early socialist and author of many 9 00:00:41,940 --> 00:00:45,200 provocative pamphlets with titles like Revolution 10 00:00:45,200 --> 00:00:46,600 Without Bloodshed. 11 00:00:47,060 --> 00:00:49,600 Socialist 是社会主义者, 12 00:00:49,720 --> 00:00:51,700 Socialism 社会主义。 13 00:00:51,880 --> 00:00:55,760 社会主义主张整个社会应该作为一个整体, 14 00:00:55,820 --> 00:01:01,760 拥有生产资料,管理和分配都应该是基于公众利益。 15 00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:02,880 在 18、 16 00:01:02,980 --> 00:01:08,560 19 世纪社会主义的概念在西欧广为流传目前中国就是 17 00:01:08,560 --> 00:01:14,590 实施这种制度的国家 Provocative If something is 18 00:01:14,590 --> 00:01:19,190 provocative it is intended to make people angry or to 19 00:01:19,190 --> 00:01:23,770 cause a lot of discussion P amphlets are small thin 20 00:01:23,770 --> 00:01:26,410 books like these 小册子 21 00:01:27,400 --> 00:01:31,580 除了 Murchison 还有 Dr.James Parkinson 22 00:01:33,180 --> 00:01:40,200 他也是早期的社会主义者写了一些充满挑衅性质的充 23 00:01:40,200 --> 00:01:45,080 满煽动性的小册子题目往往就是 Revolution without 24 00:01:45,080 --> 00:01:47,940 bloodshed 不流血的革命这样的 25 00:02:01,960 --> 00:02:06,820 with a poisoned dart as he sat in his box at the theater to 26 00:02:07,370 --> 00:02:11,610 be implicated in something means to be involved in 27 00:02:11,610 --> 00:02:15,950 something 卷入到一件事情中牵扯到了一件事情 28 00:02:16,530 --> 00:02:21,830 lunatic 大家应该要记得第一课就提到这个词当 29 00:02:21,960 --> 00:02:27,060 时说到这个 lunatic 跟 luna 跟月亮是有点关系的就是 30 00:02:27,060 --> 00:02:31,520 疯疯癫癫的听起来疯狂的 conspiracyconspiracy 31 00:02:31,520 --> 00:02:33,060 means a plot, 32 00:02:33,340 --> 00:02:37,260 a secret plan made by a few people to do something 33 00:02:37,260 --> 00:02:42,520 harmful or illegalconspiracy 跟 plot 意思是相似的, 34 00:02:42,580 --> 00:02:45,660 都是指阴谋它的这个阴谋呢, 35 00:02:45,680 --> 00:02:50,300 叫做 pop gun plotpop gun is like this, 36 00:02:50,520 --> 00:02:52,180 是玩具手枪, 37 00:02:52,280 --> 00:02:57,320 玩具气枪叫 pop gun 所以才说它是 lunatic sounding, 38 00:02:57,480 --> 00:03:03,100 就有点疯狂怎么会用一把气枪去实施一个阴谋呢那 39 00:03:03,490 --> 00:03:07,970 这个阴谋的具体内容是 in which it was planned to shoot 40 00:03:07,970 --> 00:03:13,810 King George III in the neckwith a poisoned dartdart is 41 00:03:13,810 --> 00:03:17,650 like this,this is a dartpoisoned dart 就是毒标, 42 00:03:17,710 --> 00:03:23,030 上面涂了毒药的他们的计划就是用这把玩具手枪把一 43 00:03:23,030 --> 00:03:25,610 支毒标射向像 44 00:03:25,930 --> 00:03:32,670 这个 King George 英王乔治三世的脖子 As he sat in his 45 00:03:32,670 --> 00:03:37,910 box at the theater 这个 he 还是指的是这个国王趁国王 46 00:03:37,910 --> 00:03:41,050 坐在剧场的包厢里面看表演的时候 47 00:03:41,690 --> 00:03:45,230 把他杀死这个 box 就是 48 00:03:45,480 --> 00:03:50,600 这样的包厢剧场里的包厢叫 box 如果是酒店里面吃饭 49 00:03:50,600 --> 00:03:55,200 的一间一间的包厢那个不叫 box 那个只是 room 或者 ch 50 00:03:55,200 --> 00:03:59,680 amber Parkinson was hauled before the Privy Council 51 00:03:59,680 --> 00:04:03,000 for questioning and came within an ace of being 52 00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:06,480 dispatched in irons to Australiabefore the charges 53 00:04:06,480 --> 00:04:11,570 against him were quietly dropped Privy Council Privy 54 00:04:11,570 --> 00:04:12,390 是机密 55 00:04:12,470 --> 00:04:15,430 秘密的意思而 Council 是指委员会 56 00:04:15,510 --> 00:04:17,850 理事会比如说 a student council 57 00:04:18,050 --> 00:04:19,870 学生会 the state council 58 00:04:20,110 --> 00:04:25,750 国务院而 Privy Council 我们把它翻译成书密院书密院 59 00:04:25,750 --> 00:04:31,170 是英国君主的咨询机构英国的女王或者国王经常要跟 60 00:04:31,170 --> 00:04:36,610 书密院商讨一些国家大事这个书密院这个称呼呢本来 61 00:04:36,610 --> 00:04:42,800 其实是中国的唐朝到元朝期间的最高的军事机构那我 62 00:04:42,800 --> 00:04:45,950 们就用这个词来翻译这个 Private Council 63 00:04:47,150 --> 00:04:48,790 Hold means to be 64 00:04:49,430 --> 00:04:54,390 Hold means pulled with great force 用力的托就是这个 65 00:04:54,390 --> 00:04:59,450 Parkinson 后来就被拖到书密院进行审问 and 66 00:04:59,800 --> 00:05:03,520 came within an ace of being dispatched in irons to 67 00:05:03,520 --> 00:05:09,300 Australia 差点就要被发配到澳大利亚去 with 68 00:05:09,910 --> 00:05:12,110 in an ace of means almost, 69 00:05:12,410 --> 00:05:17,560 nearlyace 这个词的本意是指纸牌游戏中的一点也就 70 00:05:17,560 --> 00:05:21,550 是 a 或者这个骰子的一个点的那个就叫 ace 71 00:05:22,790 --> 00:05:28,600 Dispatched means sent 就被送往那个地方那在这里因 72 00:05:28,600 --> 00:05:33,250 为他是一个罪犯所以我们就翻译成发配被发配到澳大 73 00:05:33,250 --> 00:05:37,270 利亚为什么会发配到这么远的地方呢为什么会到澳大 74 00:05:37,270 --> 00:05:42,290 利亚当时澳大利亚还不是一个独立的国家只是英国人 75 00:05:42,290 --> 00:05:45,210 发现了一块比较荒芜的新大陆而已 76 00:05:45,850 --> 00:05:50,590 所以英国人常常把自己的囚犯就发配到澳大利亚去流 77 00:05:50,590 --> 00:05:51,450 放到那儿去 78 00:05:52,070 --> 00:05:56,630 现在澳大利亚的很多人他们的祖先其实就是当时的那 79 00:05:56,630 --> 00:05:58,390 些囚犯 in 80 00:05:59,090 --> 00:06:01,770 irons 指的是戴着手铐脚镣 81 00:06:02,330 --> 00:06:05,960 before the charges against him were quietly dropped 但 82 00:06:05,960 --> 00:06:11,070 是他并没有被发配到澳大利亚因为很幸运 the charges 83 00:06:11,070 --> 00:06:17,850 是指控对他的指控后来就悄悄地被撤销了 adopting a 84 00:06:17,850 --> 00:06:19,990 more conservative approach to life 85 00:06:36,690 --> 00:06:37,130 出 86 00:06:37,770 --> 00:06:43,430 了这个事情以后呢他就采取了一种比较保险的人生态 87 00:06:43,430 --> 00:06:44,570 度人生的方式 88 00:06:45,050 --> 00:06:49,010 conservative 是保守的意思 A conservative person 89 00:06:49,010 --> 00:06:53,050 does not like changes or new ideas 不像原来那么激进了 90 00:06:53,050 --> 00:06:56,960 Approach 指的是态度方式他 91 00:06:57,320 --> 00:07:04,200 对地质也开始感兴趣成了地质学会的早期的创始会员 92 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:05,700 之一 Founding, 93 00:07:05,920 --> 00:07:08,760 found 就是建立创立也 94 00:07:08,980 --> 00:07:12,740 就是早期的那 13 个人之一 And the author of an 95 00:07:12,740 --> 00:07:16,720 important geological text 他还写了一本重要的地质 96 00:07:16,720 --> 00:07:21,540 学著作 text 不要都翻译成课文这个就是指一本书 97 00:07:22,790 --> 00 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）