第5章 敲石头的人 The Stone-Breakers · 第3讲S2

1. 老师，讲稿里说 Parkinson 'had one other slight claim to fame'，这里的 'claim to fame' 到底是指他成名的主要原因，还是指那个中彩票的小插曲？
2. 文中提到 Parkinson 因为 'unrestrained collecting' 而 'driven himself bankrupt'，'unrestrained' 在这里具体是指他怎么个‘不加节制’法？是乱花钱吗？
3. Charles Lyell 的父亲对但丁（诗人）和苔藓（植物）都有研究，这两个领域看起来完全不搭界，为什么说他既是文学专家又是植物学权威？
4. 讲稿里说 Lyell 在牛津 'fell under the spell of' William Buckland，这里的 'spell' 为什么翻译成‘魅力’或‘魔力’，而不是‘咒语’？
5. 作者为什么说 Lyell 'more influential than all the others combined'，既然他个性不如 Murchison 那么 'remarkable'，为什么影响力反而最大？

1. Teacher, the transcript says Parkinson 'had one other slight claim to fame'. Does 'claim to fame' refer to his main achievement or just that small lottery incident?
2. The text mentions Parkinson went bankrupt due to 'unrestrained collecting'. What exactly does 'unrestrained' mean here? Was he just spending money recklessly?
3. Lyell's father was an authority on both Dante (a poet) and mosses (plants). These two fields seem totally unrelated, so how can he be an expert in both literature and botany?
4. The transcript says Lyell 'fell under the spell of' William Buckland. Why is 'spell' translated as 'charm' or 'magic' here instead of 'curse'?
5. Why does the author say Lyell was 'more influential than all the others combined'? If his personality wasn't as 'remarkable' as Murchison's, why was his influence so much greater?

1 00:00:05,810 --> 00:00:08,810 Parkinson had one other slight claim to fame. 2 00:00:09,190 --> 00:00:13,420 Claim means a right to do something or to have 3 00:00:13,420 --> 00:00:13,800 something, 4 00:00:14,040 --> 00:00:17,140 especially because it belongs to you or because you 5 00:00:17,140 --> 00:00:17,980 deserve it. 6 00:00:19,030 --> 00:00:21,710 He has the best claim to the owner. 7 00:00:21,970 --> 00:00:24,730 他最有资格获得这个荣誉。 8 00:00:24,850 --> 00:00:28,190 所以 claim 是指获得某一个事物的资格。 9 00:00:28,660 --> 00:00:33,580 Her claim to fame is that she can recite the entire works 10 00:00:33,580 --> 00:00:36,620 of Shakespeare.他之所以成名, 11 00:00:36,740 --> 00:00:42,180 之所以有名,是因为他能够背诵莎士比亚的全部著作。 12 00:00:43,050 --> 00:00:44,610 好了,现在说的是, 13 00:00:44,830 --> 00:00:48,190 Parkinson had one other slight claim to fame, 14 00:00:48,310 --> 00:00:51,550 他还有一个比较小的成名的原因, 15 00:00:51,850 --> 00:00:56,550 当然比较主要的就是对那个帕金森病进行的研究。 16 00:01:06,720 --> 00:01:12,780 在 1785 年,他买彩票,中了一个自然历史博物馆, 17 00:01:12,860 --> 00:01:15,700 恐怕这是世界上唯一的一个案例了。 18 00:01:28,600 --> 00:01:32,940 这个自然历史博物馆原来是 Sir Asht on Lever 所创立的 19 00:01:32,940 --> 00:01:37,480 我们现在看这个 natural wonders 指的是自然界的种种 20 00:01:37,480 --> 00:01:41,420 奇珍异宝 unrestrained collecting of natural wonders 21 00:01:41,420 --> 00:01:44,460 means collecting of natural wonders without self 22 00:01:44,460 --> 00:01:44,900 control 23 00:01:45,520 --> 00:01:51,240 不加节制地收藏这种自然界的奇珍异宝看到好的就要 24 00:01:51,240 --> 00:01:51,480 买 25 00:01:51,560 --> 00:01:55,460 看到好的就要买完全不加控制那这样的结果就是 26 00:01:55,460 --> 00:02:00,040 driven himself bankrupt 把自己给搞到破产所以 27 00:02:00,420 --> 00:02:04,380 才会到了 Parkinson 的手上 Parkinson kept the 28 00:02:04,380 --> 00:02:08,720 museumuntil 1805 我们可以算一下可以看出来 29 00:02:08,720 --> 00:02:09,300 Parkinson 30 00:02:10,020 --> 00:02:14,580 当了博物馆的二十年的老板后来呢 he could no longer 31 00:02:14,580 --> 00:02:18,460 support it 他也支撑不住了 and the collection was 32 00:02:18,460 --> 00:02:23,800 broken up and sold 只好被拆散卖掉 not quite as 33 00:02:23,800 --> 00:02:25,220 remarkable in character 34 00:02:30,180 --> 00:02:35,780 这是一个道庄句正常的顺序是 Charles Lyle was not 35 00:02:35,780 --> 00:02:38,880 quite as remarkable in character but more influential 36 00:02:38,880 --> 00:02:40,280 than all the others combined 37 00:02:40,880 --> 00:02:46,740 这个句子起到承上启下的作用说的是 Charles Lyle 也 38 00:02:46,740 --> 00:02:52,320 许在个性方面没有其他人那么的 remarkable 那么突出 39 00:02:53,230 --> 00:02:57,420 没有那个 Murchison 以及 Parkinson 那么突出但是呢他 40 00:02:57,420 --> 00:03:01,670 的地位是别人无法比拟的他是 more influential than 41 00:03:01,670 --> 00:03:06,010 all the others combined 他比其他的所有人加起来都更 42 00:03:06,010 --> 00:03:11,900 有影响力 Lyle was born in the year that Hutton died and 43 00:03:11,900 --> 00:03:14,960 only 70 miles away in the village of Kenody 44 00:03:16,270 --> 00:03:21,350 Lyle 出生的那年正是 Hutton 去世的那年而且他们俩家 45 00:03:21,350 --> 00:03:26,360 距离还不太远只有 70 miles away Though Scottish by 46 00:03:26,360 --> 00:03:30,660 birth he grew up in the far south of England in the new 47 00:03:30,660 --> 00:03:33,920 forest of Hampshirebecause his mother was convinced 48 00:03:33,920 --> 00:03:37,860 that Scots were feckless drunks 虽 49 00:03:37,930 --> 00:03:43,630 然他出生在苏格兰但是他却是在英格兰的南部长大的 50 00:03:43,630 --> 00:03:48,730 因为他的妈妈相信苏格兰人是 feckless 51 00:03:48,730 --> 00:03:53,590 drunksfeckless means useless not achieving anything 52 00:03:53,590 --> 00:03:59,930 庸庸碌碌碌碌无为的没用的 drunks 跟 drunkard 意思是 53 00:03:59,930 --> 00:04:05,580 一样的指的就是酒鬼醉鬼就是说苏格兰人一点用都没 54 00:04:05,580 --> 00:04:06,770 有只会喝酒 55 00:04:07,380 --> 00:04:12,480 所以呢他就孟母三千就迁到英格兰了 As 56 00:04:13,850 --> 00:04:17,470 was generally the patternwith 19th century gentlemen 57 00:04:17,470 --> 00:04:21,290 scientists Lyle came from a background of comfortable 58 00:04:21,290 --> 00:04:26,030 wealth and intellectual vigor Vigor means energy 以前 59 00:04:26,030 --> 00:04:30,910 也见过这个词是活力 Intellectual vigor 就是在智力 60 00:04:30,910 --> 00:04:33,170 智慧方面是极有活力的 61 00:04:34,000 --> 00:04:39,900 这个句子其实是说 Lyle 来自一个生活富裕而且思想活 62 00:04:39,900 --> 00:04:46,690 跃的家庭那这种情况在十九世纪的绅士科学家当中可 63 00:04:46,690 --> 00:04:51,060 以算是很常见的是一个 pattern 是一种模式了大家都 64 00:04:51,060 --> 00:04:51,640 是这样 65 00:05:02,440 --> 00:05:05,220 他的父亲名字也叫 Charles 66 00:05:06,130 --> 00:05:11,030 说到这儿我必须提一下欧洲人崇明的特别多父亲跟孩 67 00:05:11,030 --> 00:05:16,710 子叫同一个名字的也不少见历史上法国国王名字叫路 68 00:05:16,710 --> 00:05:21,590 易的就有十几二十个叫查理的有九个那实在分不清楚 69 00:05:21,590 --> 00:05:27,650 只能够用数字排队了从路易一世路易二世一直排到法 70 00:05:27,650 --> 00:05:32,960 国的大革命时期的路易十六后来波旁王朝复辟以后还 71 00:05:32,960 --> 00:05:35,010 有路易十八路易十九 72 00:05:35,470 --> 00:05:40,670 这是因为中世纪欧洲人的名字受基督教的影响比较大 73 00:05:40,670 --> 00:05:45,810 基本上就是从圣经里边的几个人名里边去挑选所以他 74 00:05:45,810 --> 00:05:50,470 们的名字选择范围很有限今天欧洲人常见的名字比如 75 00:05:50,470 --> 00:05:51,750 David,Peter, 76 00:05:52,050 --> 00:05:52,550 John, 77 00:05:52,750 --> 00:05:59,230 Mary 这些都是从圣经里边来的他们也喜欢取家族长辈 78 00:05:59,230 --> 00:06:04,950 用过的名字表示向先祖致敬这个跟我们中国人的习惯 79 00:06:04,950 --> 00:06:09,870 完全是不同的我们祖先用过的名字后来就不能够再用 80 00:06:09,870 --> 00:06:15,970 要避讳他的父亲是一个什么样的人呢 He had an unusual 81 00:06:15,970 --> 00:06:16,670 distinction 82 00:06:17,190 --> 00:06:21,850 Distinction 这个词我们不妨先看一下他的形容词 83 00:06:21,850 --> 00:06:24,870 Distinguished A distinguished scientist 84 00:06:25,370 --> 00:06:30,590 意思是杰出的科学家那杰出的科学家同样也可以这样 85 00:06:30,590 --> 00:06:34,590 表示 A scientist of distinction 一样的意思 86 00:06:35,170 --> 00:06:40,610 那么他父亲在哪一方面是特别的杰出呢是 A Leading 87 00:06:40,610 --> 00:06:46,250 Authority on the Poet Dendi and on Moses 他在两方面是 88 00:06:46,250 --> 00:06:52,480 权威是专家一个方面是对意大利诗人但丁的研究还有 89 00:06:52,480 --> 00:06:56,670 一方面是对苔藓的研究 Moses 就是这个 90 00:06:57,300 --> 00:07:01,760 这两个方向看起来是风马牛不相及一个是文学的 91 00:07:01,820 --> 00:07:03,320 一个是植物学 92 00:07:11,290 --> 00:07:19,130 这个名字是一个拉丁文的名字指的就是莱尔台险这 93 00:07:19,200 --> 00:07:24,920 种台险呢到英国农村去的人基本上都有机会在上面坐 94 00:07:24,920 --> 00:07:30,400 过也就是非常普遍经常你在那儿一坐那上面就长着这 95 00:07:30,400 --> 00:07:36,180 种莱尔险就是以它的名字命名的 From his fath ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）