第5章 敲石头的人 The Stone-Breakers · 第3讲S1

1. 老师，讲稿里说 Parkinson 差点被发配到澳大利亚，'within an ace of' 这个短语到底啥意思啊？为什么 ace 能表示‘差点’？
2. 文中提到 Privy Council 翻译成‘枢密院’，还说它像中国古代的机构，这俩到底有啥区别？为啥用‘枢密院’来对应？
3. James Parkinson 后来从写激进小册子变成了保守的地质学家，这个 'conservative approach' 具体指他生活态度上的哪些变化？
4. 为什么 Parkinson 病要以他的名字命名，而不是用当时流行的 'Shaking Palsy'？'landmark study' 在这里强调的是什么？
5. 书里提到他的著作 Organic Remains of a Former World 畅销半个世纪，'remained in print' 这个表达除了‘印刷’，还暗示了这本书有什么特点？

1. Teacher, the script says Parkinson 'came within an ace of' being sent to Australia. What exactly does 'within an ace of' mean? Why does 'ace' imply 'almost'?
2. The text translates 'Privy Council' as '枢密院' and compares it to ancient Chinese institutions. What's the difference between them, and why use that specific translation?
3. James Parkinson went from writing radical pamphlets to becoming a conservative geologist. What specific changes in his lifestyle does this 'conservative approach' refer to?
4. Why is Parkinson's disease named after him instead of its common name 'Shaking Palsy'? What does 'landmark study' emphasize here?
5. The book mentions his work 'Organic Remains of a Former World' was in print for half a century. What does 'remained in print' imply about the book's popularity or longevity?

1 00:00:11,190 --> 00:00:16,470 之前我们学到这个领域吸引了许多优秀的角色, 2 00:00:16,650 --> 00:00:17,730 例如莫吉森。 3 00:00:17,870 --> 00:00:20,450 实际上,还有许多像他一样的角色, 4 00:00:20,430 --> 00:00:23,670 包括 James Parkinson 和 5 00:00:24,890 --> 00:00:29,790 Charles Lyell 和 William 6 00:00:31,040 --> 00:00:33,400 Buckland 今天我们将学到他们。 7 00:00:35,180 --> 00:00:38,020 Then there was Dr.James Parkinson, 8 00:00:38,460 --> 00:00:41,940 who was also an early socialist and author of many 9 00:00:41,940 --> 00:00:45,200 provocative pamphlets with titles like Revolution 10 00:00:45,200 --> 00:00:46,600 Without Bloodshed. 11 00:00:47,020 --> 00:00:49,600 Socialist 是社会主义者, 12 00:00:49,700 --> 00:00:51,700 Socialism 社会主义。 13 00:00:51,860 --> 00:00:55,760 社会主义主张整个社会应该作为一个整体, 14 00:00:55,820 --> 00:01:01,760 拥有生产资料,管理和分配都应该是基于公众利益。 15 00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:02,880 在 18、 16 00:01:02,980 --> 00:01:08,560 19 世纪社会主义的概念在西欧广为流传目前中国就是 17 00:01:08,560 --> 00:01:14,590 实施这种制度的国家 Provocative If something is 18 00:01:14,590 --> 00:01:19,190 provocative it is intended to make people angry or to 19 00:01:19,190 --> 00:01:23,770 cause a lot of discussion P amphlets are small thin 20 00:01:23,770 --> 00:01:26,430 books like these 小册子 21 00:01:27,420 --> 00:01:31,580 除了 Murchison 还有 Dr.James Parkinson 22 00:01:33,180 --> 00:01:40,200 他也是早期的社会主义者写了一些充满挑衅性质的充 23 00:01:40,200 --> 00:01:45,080 满煽动性的小册子题目往往就是 Revolution without 24 00:01:45,080 --> 00:01:47,940 bloodshed 不流血的革命这样的 25 00:02:01,960 --> 00:02:06,820 with a poisoned dart as he sat in his box at the theater to 26 00:02:07,370 --> 00:02:11,610 be implicated in something means to be involved in 27 00:02:11,610 --> 00:02:15,950 something 卷入到一件事情中牵扯到了一件事情 28 00:02:16,530 --> 00:02:21,830 lunatic 大家应该要记得第一课就提到这个词当 29 00:02:21,960 --> 00:02:27,060 时说到这个 lunatic 跟 luna 跟月亮是有点关系的就是 30 00:02:27,060 --> 00:02:31,520 疯疯癫癫的听起来疯狂的 conspiracyconspiracy 31 00:02:31,520 --> 00:02:33,060 means a plot, 32 00:02:33,340 --> 00:02:37,260 a secret plan made by a few people to do something 33 00:02:37,260 --> 00:02:42,520 harmful or illegalconspiracy 跟 plot 意思是相似的, 34 00:02:42,560 --> 00:02:45,660 都是指阴谋它的这个阴谋呢, 35 00:02:45,680 --> 00:02:50,300 叫做 pop gun plotpop gun is like this, 36 00:02:50,520 --> 00:02:52,180 是玩具手枪, 37 00:02:52,280 --> 00:02:57,320 玩具气枪叫 pop gun 所以才说它是 lunatic sounding, 38 00:02:57,480 --> 00:03:03,100 就有点疯狂怎么会用一把气枪去实施一个阴谋呢那 39 00:03:03,490 --> 00:03:07,970 这个阴谋的具体内容是 in which it was planned to shoot 40 00:03:07,970 --> 00:03:13,810 King George III in the neckwith a poisoned dartdart is 41 00:03:13,810 --> 00:03:17,650 like this,this is a dartpoisoned dart 就是毒标, 42 00:03:17,710 --> 00:03:23,030 上面涂了毒药的他们的计划就是用这把玩具手枪把一 43 00:03:23,030 --> 00:03:25,610 支毒标射向像 44 00:03:25,930 --> 00:03:32,670 这个 King George 英王乔治三世的脖子 As he sat in his 45 00:03:32,670 --> 00:03:37,910 box at the theater 这个 he 还是指的是这个国王趁国王 46 00:03:37,910 --> 00:03:41,050 坐在剧场的包厢里面看表演的时候 47 00:03:41,690 --> 00:03:45,230 把他杀死这个 box 就是 48 00:03:45,480 --> 00:03:50,600 这样的包厢剧场里的包厢叫 box 如果是酒店里面吃饭 49 00:03:50,600 --> 00:03:55,200 的一间一间的包厢那个不叫 box 那个只是 room 或者 ch 50 00:03:55,200 --> 00:03:59,680 amber Parkinson was hauled before the Privy Council 51 00:03:59,680 --> 00:04:03,000 for questioning and came within an ace of being 52 00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:06,480 dispatched in irons to Australiabefore the charges 53 00:04:06,480 --> 00:04:11,570 against him were quietly dropped Privy Council Privy 54 00:04:11,570 --> 00:04:12,390 是机密 55 00:04:12,470 --> 00:04:15,430 秘密的意思而 Council 是指委员会 56 00:04:15,510 --> 00:04:17,850 理事会比如说 a student council 57 00:04:18,050 --> 00:04:19,870 学生会 the state council 58 00:04:20,110 --> 00:04:25,750 国务院而 Privy Council 我们把它翻译成书密院书密院 59 00:04:25,750 --> 00:04:31,170 是英国君主的咨询机构英国的女王或者国王经常要跟 60 00:04:31,170 --> 00:04:36,610 书密院商讨一些国家大事这个书密院这个称呼呢本来 61 00:04:36,610 --> 00:04:42,800 其实是中国的唐朝到元朝期间的最高的军事机构那我 62 00:04:42,800 --> 00:04:45,950 们就用这个词来翻译这个 Private Council 63 00:04:47,150 --> 00:04:48,790 Hold means to be 64 00:04:49,430 --> 00:04:54,390 Hold means pulled with great force 用力的托就是这个 65 00:04:54,390 --> 00:04:59,450 Parkinson 后来就被拖到书密院进行审问 and 66 00:04:59,800 --> 00:05:03,520 came within an ace of being dispatched in irons to 67 00:05:03,520 --> 00:05:09,300 Australia 差点就要被发配到澳大利亚去 with 68 00:05:09,910 --> 00:05:12,110 in an ace of means almost, 69 00:05:12,410 --> 00:05:17,560 nearlyace 这个词的本意是指纸牌游戏中的一点也就 70 00:05:17,560 --> 00:05:21,550 是 a 或者这个骰子的一个点的那个就叫 ace 71 00:05:22,790 --> 00:05:28,600 Dispatched means sent 就被送往那个地方那在这里因 72 00:05:28,600 --> 00:05:33,250 为他是一个罪犯所以我们就翻译成发配被发配到澳大 73 00:05:33,250 --> 00:05:37,270 利亚为什么会发配到这么远的地方呢为什么会到澳大 74 00:05:37,270 --> 00:05:42,290 利亚当时澳大利亚还不是一个独立的国家只是英国人 75 00:05:42,290 --> 00:05:45,210 发现了一块比较荒芜的新大陆而已 76 00:05:45,850 --> 00:05:50,590 所以英国人常常把自己的囚犯就发配到澳大利亚去流 77 00:05:50,590 --> 00:05:51,430 放到那儿去 78 00:05:52,070 --> 00:05:56,630 现在澳大利亚的很多人他们的祖先其实就是当时的那 79 00:05:56,630 --> 00:05:57,410 些囚犯 80 00:05:58,810 --> 00:06:01,770 in irons 指的是戴着手铐脚镣 81 00:06:02,330 --> 00:06:05,960 before the charges against him were quietly dropped 但 82 00:06:05,960 --> 00:06:11,070 是他并没有被发配到澳大利亚因为很幸运 the charges 83 00:06:11,070 --> 00:06:17,850 是指控对他的指控后来就悄悄地被撤销了 adopting a 84 00:06:17,850 --> 00:06:21,550 more conservative approach to life He developed an 85 00:06:21,550 --> 00:06:24,410 interest in geology and became one of the founding 86 00:06:24,410 --> 00:06:28,090 members of the Geological Society and the author of an 87 00:06:28,090 --> 00:06:32,510 important geological text Organic Remains of a Former 88 00:06:32,510 --> 00:06:37,390 Worldwhich remained in print for half a century 出 89 00:06:38,030 --> 00:06:43,430 了这个事情以后呢他就采取了一种比较保险的人生态 90 00:06:43,430 --> 00:06:47,970 度人生的方式 Conservative 是保守的意思 A 91 00:06:47,970 --> 00:06:51,190 conservative person does not like changes or new ideas 92 00:06:51,190 --> 00:06:56,960 不像原来那么激进了 Approach 指的是态度方式他 93 00:06:57,320 --> 00:07:04,200 对地质也开始感兴趣成了地质学会的早期的创 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）