第5章 敲石头的人 The Stone-Breakers · 第1讲S3

1. 讲稿里说 'luxuriated' 来自 'luxurious'，那 'luxuriate' 具体是啥意思呀？是单纯指住豪华别墅吗，还是有别的语境用法？
2. 为什么老师把 'society' 翻译成 '协会' 而不是 '社会' 呢？在 'Oyster Club' 这个语境下，它和日常说的 'society' 有啥区别？
3. 'mineralogy'（矿物学）和 'metaphysics'（形而上学）都是 '-logy' 结尾的词，但一个研究石头，一个研究玄学，这俩词在构词逻辑上有啥共同点吗？
4. 老师提到那个时代的人都是 'fanatics'（狂热者），这和现在的 'fans'（粉丝）有啥本质区别？为什么用 'inquisitive' 来形容那个时代的人特别贴切？
5. 既然 Hought 对什么都感兴趣，从矿物学到形而上学都搞，那他最后为什么 'particular interest'（特别感兴趣）的是地质学？这和他发现高山上的贝壳化石有啥直接联系吗？

1. The transcript says 'luxuriated' comes from 'luxurious'. What exactly does 'luxuriate' mean? Does it just refer to staying in a luxury villa, or is there a broader usage?
2. Why did the teacher translate 'society' as 'association' instead of 'society'? In the context of the 'Oyster Club', how is it different from the daily usage of 'society'?
3. 'Mineralogy' and 'metaphysics' both end in '-logy', but one studies rocks and the other studies metaphysics. Is there a common linguistic logic behind these two words?
4. The teacher mentioned that people in that era were 'fanatics'. What's the essential difference between that and modern 'fans'? Why is 'inquisitive' such an apt description for that period?
5. Since Hought was interested in everything from mineralogy to metaphysics, why was his 'particular interest' geology? Is there a direct link between this and his discovery of seashells on mountaintops?

1 00:00:06,320 --> 00:00:08,900 Edinburgh at that time was the center of intellectual 2 00:00:08,900 --> 00:00:09,520 vigor, 3 00:00:09,740 --> 00:00:12,660 and Hought on luxuriated in its enriching 4 00:00:12,660 --> 00:00:13,060 possibilities. 5 00:00:13,760 --> 00:00:18,040 Vigor means energy,both physical or mental energy. 6 00:00:18,730 --> 00:00:21,290 Luxuriated,这是动词, 7 00:00:21,370 --> 00:00:23,770 我们先看它的形容词,luxurious. 8 00:00:24,230 --> 00:00:26,630 A luxurious 30 room villa, 9 00:00:26,850 --> 00:00:30,610 一座拥有 30 个房间的豪华别墅, 10 00:00:30,750 --> 00:00:35,010 luxurious means very expensive and very beautiful and 11 00:00:35,010 --> 00:00:35,330 comfortable. 12 00:00:42,990 --> 00:00:47,090 This means to enjoy something to relax and enjoy 13 00:00:47,090 --> 00:00:52,490 something 他放了一缸水美美地在里头泡了半个小时 14 00:00:52,490 --> 00:00:57,440 Enriching Poss ibilities 先看这个例句 Traveling 15 00:00:57,440 --> 00:00:59,380 will greatly enrich your experience 16 00:00:59,900 --> 00:01:04,900 旅行能够极大的丰富你的阅历所以 enrich 指的是丰富 17 00:01:04,900 --> 00:01:10,360 或者充实的意思当时呢爱丁堡是知识界最活跃的中心 18 00:01:10,360 --> 00:01:16,080 Hudson 在这儿简直就是如鱼得水的在这里尽情的享受 19 00:01:16,080 --> 00:01:20,880 沉溺于各种能够使自己变得更加充实的种种机会当中 20 00:01:20,880 --> 00:01:27,760 他成为了社会中的主要成员叫做 Oyster Club 他在今天 21 00:01:27,760 --> 00:01:32,660 晚上在男人的公司中例如经济学家 Adam Smith 化学家 22 00:01:32,660 --> 00:01:39,260 Joseph Black 和哲学家 David Hume 以及与 Benjamin 23 00:01:39,260 --> 00:01:42,000 Franklin 和 James Watt 的顾 24 00:01:42,680 --> 00:01:50,180 问意思是领先的领头的 Society 这并不是社会而是协 25 00:01:50,180 --> 00:01:56,360 会他后来成了一个名叫牡丽俱乐部的协会的主要人物 26 00:01:57,160 --> 00:02:02,540 在那儿呢他度过了许多夜晚的时光 In the company of 是 27 00:02:02,540 --> 00:02:08,290 指跟什么人在一起跟谁呢就是 Economist Adam Smith 比 28 00:02:08,290 --> 00:02:13,580 如说经济学家亚当斯密还有化学家 Joseph Black and 29 00:02:13,580 --> 00:02:16,560 the philosopher David Hume as well as such occasional 30 00:02:16,560 --> 00:02:21,550 visiting Sparks Sparks means fashionable and well 31 00:02:21,550 --> 00:02:25,960 dressed young man 指的是那些打扮入室的翩翩公子 32 00:02:27,330 --> 00:02:33,610 还有一些偶尔会到访的翩翩公子比如说 Benjamin 33 00:02:33,610 --> 00:02:37,930 Franklin 这个就是上面说的那个在雷电的天气里面放 34 00:02:37,930 --> 00:02:43,130 风筝的那位这是美国人还有是 James Watt 这个是瓦特 35 00:02:43,130 --> 00:02:49,150 发明蒸汽机的瓦特他们是偶尔会到访所以全部都是大 36 00:02:49,150 --> 00:02:50,370 咖 In 37 00:02:53,060 --> 00:02:56,420 the tradition of the day Horton took an interest in 38 00:02:56,420 --> 00:03:00,020 nearly everythingfrom mineralogy to metaphysics 39 00:03:00,600 --> 00:03:06,380 The day 不是那一天而是那个时代那个时代有这个传统 40 00:03:06,380 --> 00:03:12,440 科学家们几乎都是全才什么都感兴趣什么都研究所以 41 00:03:12,440 --> 00:03:15,180 Horton 也不例外 He took an interest in nearly 42 00:03:15,180 --> 00:03:20,020 everything 什么都感兴趣从 mineralogy 到 43 00:03:20,020 --> 00:03:23,900 metaphysics 这个可能大家认识这个词就是 44 00:03:23,900 --> 00:03:29,120 mineralmineral 是矿物的意思那么 mineralogy 指的是 45 00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:31,000 矿物学这个 46 00:03:31,480 --> 00:03:35,240 metaphysics 可能就比较陌生了我们先看一下它的形 47 00:03:35,240 --> 00:03:39,360 容词然后把它分开来看你可以看到它是 metaphysical 48 00:03:39,360 --> 00:03:45,540 It means beyond ordinary physical things 在日常的事 49 00:03:45,540 --> 00:03:52,320 物之外或者之上超越了日常事物中文呢是翻译成行而 50 00:03:52,320 --> 00:03:52,960 上学 51 00:03:54,400 --> 00:03:59,380 这个行而上学我们要把它这样分开看是行而上然后加 52 00:03:59,380 --> 00:04:04,780 一个学这种学问不要想成是行而然后上学而不是上学 53 00:04:04,780 --> 00:04:10,700 放学那个上学其实这个字呢这个词是来自周易有这样 54 00:04:10,700 --> 00:04:18,000 说行而上者未知道行而下者为之弃行而上者其实就是 55 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:24,440 一些无形的东西而行而下是有形的这个行而上学是哲 56 00:04:24,440 --> 00:04:30,320 学术语是指哲学中那些思考与探究宇宙本源及根本道 57 00:04:30,320 --> 00:04:30,980 理的部分 58 00:04:31,680 --> 00:04:34,560 是非常玄乎的学问 He 59 00:04:34,690 --> 00:04:37,210 conducted experiments with chemicals, 60 00:04:37,610 --> 00:04:41,010 investigated methods of coal mining and canal 61 00:04:41,010 --> 00:04:43,430 building,toured salt mines, 62 00:04:43,770 --> 00:04:46,810 speculated on the mechanism of heredity, 63 00:04:47,030 --> 00:04:48,250 collected fossils, 64 00:04:48,710 --> 00:04:51,230 and propounded the theories on rain, 65 00:04:51,590 --> 00:04:53,050 the composition of air, 66 00:04:53,230 --> 00:04:54,690 and the laws of motion, 67 00:04:54,870 --> 00:04:58,210 among much else.他研究了很多东西 68 00:04:59,310 --> 00:05:05,350 比如他用各种的化学物质去做实验然后他调查了关于 69 00:05:05,350 --> 00:05:11,510 开采煤矿 co mining 开采煤矿跟建造运河的方式 70 00:05:12,170 --> 00:05:19,390 也去参观了 salt mines 就是盐矿 salt minesspeculated 71 00:05:19,390 --> 00:05:21,950 onspeculate 是推测揣测 72 00:05:22,050 --> 00:05:27,090 猜测前面也学过 on the mechanism of heredity 这个 73 00:05:27,090 --> 00:05:33,250 mechanism 是机制 heredity 遗传这个词我们学过跟它 74 00:05:33,250 --> 00:05:37,870 有关的一些其他词汇比如说我们学过继承就是 in her 75 00:05:37,870 --> 00:05:43,550 it 这是名词 in her itance heritage 指的是传统遗产 76 00:05:43,550 --> 00:05:45,770 heredity 这个是遗传 77 00:05:46,670 --> 00:05:52,110 这里可以说是他思考了这个遗传机制对遗传机制做出 78 00:05:52,110 --> 00:05:52,950 一些推测 79 00:05:53,550 --> 00:05:57,390 收集化石,并且 propounded, 80 00:05:57,550 --> 00:05:59,190 propounded means suggested, 81 00:05:59,530 --> 00:06:02,150 提出这个关于语的理论, 82 00:06:02,210 --> 00:06:06,690 还有空气的组成,以及运动的规律, 83 00:06:06,770 --> 00:06:09,560 运动的定律,还有如此等等, 84 00:06:09,760 --> 00:06:10,340 很多很多。 85 00:06:10,930 --> 00:06:14,230 But his particular interest was geology, 86 00:06:14,710 --> 00:06:17,370 但是他尤其感兴趣的是地质学。 87 00:06:17,370 --> 00:06:22,000 Among the questions that attracted interest in that 88 00:06:22,000 --> 00:06:25,560 phonetically inqu isitive age was one that had puzzled 89 00:06:25,560 --> 00:06:28,100 people for a very long time namely, 90 00:06:28,380 --> 00:06:32,300 why ancient clamshells and other marine fossils were 91 00:06:32,300 --> 00:06:35,700 so often found on mountaintops 这个 92 00:06:36,850 --> 00:06:41,370 phonetically 我们先要看它的名词 phonetic a 93 00:06:41,600 --> 00:06:46,400 movie phonetic a phonetic is a person devoted to a 94 00:06:46,400 --> 00:06:51,060 particular hobby or pastime 就对某一项活动特别热衷 95 00:06 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）