第5章 敲石头的人 The Stone-Breakers · 第1讲S2

1. 老师，那个长难句里的 'predecessor' 和 'proceed' 明明同根，为啥一个指‘前一个地球’一个指‘在之前发生’？这俩意思差别咋这么大呀？
2. 讲稿里说 Horton 的生活是 'a round of light work'，这里的 'round' 具体是啥意思？它跟之前学过的 'string of' 或者 'range of' 有啥区别吗？
3. 文中提到 'field and flock' 让人厌倦，为什么这里要用 'field'（田地）和 'flock'（羊群）这两个词，而不是直接说 'farming'（农业）？这种写法有啥讲究？
4. 为什么讲稿里强调 Horton 能搞科研是因为他出身有钱人家，有 'material comfort'（物质舒适）？这对普通人想搞科学研究有啥启示？
5. 从煤烟（coal soot）里提取氯化胺（cell ammonia），这个 'soot' 跟普通的 'smoke'（烟）到底有啥区别？为啥非要从这种黑乎乎的东西里提取？

1. Teacher, 'predecessor' and 'proceed' share the same root, but why does one mean 'the previous earth' and the other mean 'happen before'? Why is there such a big difference in meaning?
2. The transcript mentions Horton's life was 'a round of light work'. What exactly does 'round' mean here? Is it different from the 'string of' or 'range of' we learned before?
3. The text says he was tired of 'field and flock'. Why use these specific words instead of just saying 'farming'? What's the rhetorical point here?
4. Why does the transcript emphasize that Horton could do science because he came from a wealthy family with 'material comfort'? What does this imply for ordinary people who want to do scientific research?
5. Extracting cell ammonia from coal soot... what's the actual difference between 'soot' and regular 'smoke'? Why extract it from such a black substance?

1 00:00:05,620 --> 00:00:10,520 这就是刚才所说的非常难懂的那句话 The world which 2 00:00:10,520 --> 00:00:14,800 we inhabit is composed of the materials not of the earth 3 00:00:14,800 --> 00:00:18,140 which was the immediate predecessor of the present but 4 00:00:18,140 --> 00:00:21,200 of the earth which,in ascending from the present, 5 00:00:21,420 --> 00:00:25,360 we consider as the third and which had preceded the land 6 00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:28,700 that was above the surface of the seawhile our present 7 00:00:28,700 --> 00:00:32,420 land was yet beneath the water of the ocean 大家 8 00:00:32,480 --> 00:00:34,640 看完这段话不知道是什么感受 9 00:00:35,570 --> 00:00:40,150 如果是这样的感受呢说明非常正常如果大家都能够很 10 00:00:40,150 --> 00:00:44,650 轻松的看懂那那位 Playfair 先生也就没有必要去改写 11 00:00:44,650 --> 00:00:45,770 后存的著作了 12 00:00:47,230 --> 00:00:51,930 这段话呢虽然非常晦涩但是语法没有毛病所以我耐心 13 00:00:51,930 --> 00:00:57,550 的研究了一下居然还看懂了但是确实讲得非常乱我们 14 00:00:57,550 --> 00:01:02,870 先来看一下这两个词 Predecessor 跟 Proceed 这两个词 15 00:01:02,870 --> 00:01:06,670 是同根词这是动词 To proceed means to happen before 16 00:01:06,670 --> 00:01:12,290 something 在某个事物之前发生 Predecessor 呢是前生 17 00:01:12,290 --> 00:01:17,550 是名词那这个句子其实它的主干结构就是 The world 18 00:01:17,550 --> 00:01:21,730 which we inhabit is composed of the materials not of the 19 00:01:21,730 --> 00:01:27,260 earth but of the earth 就是我们现在生活的这个世界不 20 00:01:27,260 --> 00:01:29,650 是由这个 21 00:01:29,940 --> 00:01:36,400 地球的物质构成而是由这边这个地球的物质构成的那 22 00:01:36,910 --> 00:01:41,290 我们分开来看不是由哪个地球的物质构成呢是 North 23 00:01:41,290 --> 00:01:44,490 of the Earthwhich was the immediate predecessor of the 24 00:01:44,490 --> 00:01:50,990 present 不是现在这一代地球的直接前生的那个地球 25 00:01:50,990 --> 00:01:53,710 的 material 构成的而 26 00:01:53,900 --> 00:01:58,880 是由 The Earthwhich in ascending from the present we 27 00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:03,680 consider as the third Ascending from 是指从现在开始 28 00:02:03,680 --> 00:02:09,100 往前去追溯等于是上升的意思但是这里我估计是从现 29 00:02:09,100 --> 00:02:16,220 在往前去追溯到我们认为是第三代的那个地球也就是 30 00:02:16,220 --> 00:02:21,970 这个 materials 不是现在这个地球的直接前生而是我 31 00:02:21,970 --> 00:02:26,340 们所说的第三代地球所以你可以看到它这里非常的混 32 00:02:26,340 --> 00:02:31,100 乱这边说的是不是倒数第二代地球这是倒者数这边呢 33 00:02:31,100 --> 00:02:33,600 又是第三代又是正者数 and 34 00:02:34,600 --> 00:02:38,820 which had preceded the land that was above the surface 35 00:02:38,820 --> 00:02:45,140 of the seaproceed 是之前那这所谓的第三代地球又是 36 00:02:45,140 --> 00:02:48,700 在 the land that was above the sea 之前 37 00:02:49,420 --> 00:02:55,180 也就是这个第三代地球是出现在陆地露出海面之前 38 00:02:55,180 --> 00:02:59,100 while a person land was yet beneath the water of the 39 00:02:59,100 --> 00:03:05,460 ocean 而我们现在的这个陆地当时还在海水之下就在 40 00:03:05,460 --> 00:03:10,620 第三代地球的时候我们现在陆地还是在海水之下好了 41 00:03:11,460 --> 00:03:15,590 其实确实是非常的混乱如果大家有兴趣的话你可以慢 42 00:03:15,590 --> 00:03:20,100 慢去研究如果没有兴趣就不用管它了反正这一段就是 43 00:03:20,100 --> 00:03:23,900 写得很差的本来就是要被人改写的 Y 44 00:03:26,070 --> 00:03:29,570 atom us single handedly and quite brilliantly he 45 00:03:29,570 --> 00:03:31,430 created the science of geology 46 00:03:37,490 --> 00:03:43,430 他几乎就是当乡匹马,非常出色地创立了地质学, 47 00:03:43,590 --> 00:03:46,630 改变了我们对地球的理解。 48 00:04:02,590 --> 00:04:08,360 Prosperous means rich and successful Horton 是 1726 年 49 00:04:08,360 --> 00:04:13,940 生于一个苏格兰的有钱人家富有的人家 Enjoyed the 50 00:04:13,940 --> 00:04:18,440 sort of material comfort Material comfort 指的是物质 51 00:04:18,440 --> 00:04:24,130 方面的舒适他物质生活是非常的享受的所以使得他可 52 00:04:24,130 --> 00:04:29,360 以 pass much of his life 他的一生可以怎样的度过呢是 53 00:04:29,360 --> 00:04:32,900 pass much of his life in light work and intellectual 54 00:04:32,900 --> 00:04:37,780 betterment 他不用去辛苦的为了赚钱去从事一些非常 55 00:04:37,780 --> 00:04:42,140 艰苦的工作他只要做一些 light work 然后时间都大部 56 00:04:42,140 --> 00:04:47,040 分花在哪呢 intellectual bettermentbetter 我们看一 57 00:04:47,040 --> 00:04:51,260 下这个 better 其实是动词的意思就是 improve 改善的 58 00:04:51,260 --> 00:04:53,500 意思那么 betterment 其实就是 59 00:04:53,500 --> 00:04:57,400 improvementintellectual improvementintellectual 60 00:04:57,400 --> 00:05:03,180 是指智力知识方面的它就花时间去增进自己的智能增 61 00:05:03,180 --> 00:05:07,280 加自己的知识就花很多时间看书啊搞科学研究什么的 62 00:05:08,800 --> 00:05:13,540 刚才说的这个轻松的工作前面还有一些修饰的词我们 63 00:05:13,540 --> 00:05:18,780 要看到这里一个词组是 a round of a round of means a 64 00:05:18,780 --> 00:05:23,820 series of 一系列的轻松工作我们在上一课有学过 a 65 00:05:23,820 --> 00:05:26,780 string of 一样的意思 a string of, 66 00:05:26,940 --> 00:05:27,940 a series of, 67 00:05:28,080 --> 00:05:28,820 a round of, 68 00:05:28,940 --> 00:05:34,520 a range of 意思都是一样的中间这个词 range 或者 round 69 00:05:34,520 --> 00:05:39,280 前面都可以加上一些形容词 an expansive round of 70 00:05:40,100 --> 00:05:46,920 这个 expansive 我们先看到 exp and 是动词是扩张那么 71 00:05:46,920 --> 00:05:51,780 expansive means wide and expansive 就各种各样的轻松 72 00:05:51,780 --> 00:05:56,820 的工作再有这个 generally 我们在上一次课的末尾就 73 00:05:56,820 --> 00:06:00,880 说到这个人他是 a junior person 很好相处的一个人 74 00:06:00,880 --> 00:06:05,320 junior means friendly and happy 那工作怎么能够是 75 00:06:05,320 --> 00:06:09,580 friendly and happy 呢其实就是说这个工作是非常容易 76 00:06:09,580 --> 00:06:14,860 非常轻松的不是那种你感觉很艰难的确 77 00:06:16,140 --> 00:06:20,540 实但是只有贵族只有那些有钱人才有时间和精力去搞 78 00:06:20,540 --> 00:06:25,360 科学研究就像我们上一次课提到的那位音乐家他也是 79 00:06:25,360 --> 00:06:29,660 功成名就之后才去追求这个天文学上的发展 80 00:06:39,200 --> 00:06:46,360 他一开始 81 00:06:47,130 --> 00:06:52,510 呢是学医后来觉得不喜欢 not to his liking to 82 00:06:52,510 --> 00:06:56,060 someone's liking 就是指对某人的胃口觉得这不是我 83 00:06:56,060 --> 00:07:00,850 的菜然后就 turned instead to farming 就开始学农学农 84 00:07:00,850 --> 00:07:05,230 学 which he followedfollow 的宾语就是 farming he 85 00:07:05,230 --> 00:07:09,430 followed farmingfollow 就表示从事追求某一方面的 86 00:07:09,430 --> 00:07:14,450 事业那他如何从事这个农学呢是 in a relaxed and 87 00:07:14,450 --> 00:07:18,950 scientific way on a family estate in Berswickshire 是 88 00:07:18,950 --> 00:07:24,590 在他自己家族的庄园里边 estate 主要指的是地产 89 00:07:24,710 --> 00:07:28,490 房产这里可以指他的庄园他的农场所以 90 00:07:28,970 --> 00:07:33,810 他从事这个农学的这个方式是非常轻松的一切都讲究 91 00:07:33,810 --> 00:07:40,120 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）