第4章 万物的尺度 The Measure of Things · 第7讲S1

1. 讲稿里说 'remote cousin' 是远房表亲，那 'remote control' 里的 remote 是啥意思？这两个用法有啥区别呀？
2. 老师提到 'scores of figures'，我知道 'a score' 是20，但 'scores of' 具体是指多少个数？是正好40还是大概几十？
3. Charles Hutton 把相同高度的点连起来发明了 'contour lines'（等高线），这跟 'elevation'（海拔高度）这个概念到底有啥区别？
4. 为啥算出地球质量就能 'reasonably deduce'（合理推断）出太阳和其他行星的质量？这中间是咋推算的呀？
5. 最后说 'got contour lines into the bargain'，这个 'into the bargain' 是啥意思？除了 'besides' 还有别的说法吗？

1. The transcript says 'remote cousin' means a distant relative, so what does 'remote' mean in 'remote control'? How are these two uses different?
2. I know 'a score' is 20, but what does 'scores of' actually mean? Is it exactly 40 or just an approximate number like 'dozens'?
3. Charles Hutton connected points of equal height to invent 'contour lines'. What's the difference between that and the concept of 'elevation'?
4. Why can we 'reasonably deduce' the mass of the sun and other planets just from knowing Earth's mass? How is that calculation done?
5. What does 'into the bargain' mean in the phrase 'got contour lines into the bargain'? Are there other ways to say this besides 'besides'?

1 00:00:10,620 --> 00:00:14,420 今天的课程仍然是专注于地球的量度, 2 00:00:14,780 --> 00:00:17,580 但我们将遇到一个聪明, 3 00:00:17,840 --> 00:00:19,460 但有兴趣的科学家。 4 00:00:19,580 --> 00:00:20,340 我们开始吧! 5 00:00:21,290 --> 00:00:25,270 曼森拒绝测量山,工作失败了曼森。 6 00:00:25,810 --> 00:00:29,050 摄影刺客也说到,曼森拒绝测量那座山, 7 00:00:29,210 --> 00:00:32,750 所以这件差事就落到了曼森自己的头上。 8 00:00:32,750 --> 00:00:37,990 So for four months in the summer of 1774 M askelyne lived 9 00:00:37,990 --> 00:00:41,850 in a tent in a remote Scottish glen and spent his days 10 00:00:41,850 --> 00:00:45,150 directing a team of surveyors who took hundreds of 11 00:00:45,150 --> 00:00:47,310 measurements from every possible position 12 00:00:48,000 --> 00:00:51,400 Remote means far from towns or other places where 13 00:00:51,400 --> 00:00:54,360 people live 就是偏远的 For example, 14 00:00:54,420 --> 00:00:59,200 a remote village 一座偏远的村庄 A remote cousin 15 00:00:59,480 --> 00:01:04,660 这就不是偏远了指的是血缘关系比较远的远房表情 16 00:01:04,660 --> 00:01:12,280 remote control 是遥控 gland means valleygland 是苏格 17 00:01:12,280 --> 00:01:17,130 兰语中的峡谷的意思这个道理跟我们上一次课说的那 18 00:01:17,130 --> 00:01:21,720 个 lock 指的是湖这个意思是一样的你一看到 gland 或 19 00:01:21,720 --> 00:01:26,240 者 lock 你就要知道这里说的峡谷和湖都是指苏格兰的 20 00:01:26,240 --> 00:01:27,380 峡谷或湖 21 00:01:28,020 --> 00:01:33,860 其实中文里面也有这样的情况比如说海在蒙语中是湖 22 00:01:33,860 --> 00:01:39,820 的意思因为元朝的时候是蒙古族在统治所以在北京呢 23 00:01:39,820 --> 00:01:44,180 这些中南海是上海北海这个其实指的都是湖 24 00:01:45,470 --> 00:01:50,810 还有中国西部的很多地方说的海也都是湖错 25 00:01:51,030 --> 00:01:57,810 在藏语里边是湖因此呢藏区湖呢都叫做什么什么错纳 26 00:01:57,810 --> 00:01:59,930 木错巴松错好了 27 00:02:00,190 --> 00:02:04,910 回到这里 Directing a team of surveyors To direct means 28 00:02:04,910 --> 00:02:09,730 to tell someone what they should do 就是指挥指导 M 29 00:02:09,950 --> 00:02:16,730 askeling 在这个夏天就生活在一个很偏远的苏格兰峡 30 00:02:16,730 --> 00:02:22,070 谷里边住在一个帐篷里边每天就指挥测量员 Took 31 00:02:22,070 --> 00:02:24,610 hundreds of measurements from every possible 32 00:02:24,610 --> 00:02:29,670 position 每天都在各个地点进行测量 To 33 00:02:29,740 --> 00:02:32,100 find the mass of the mountain from all these 34 00:02:32,100 --> 00:02:36,160 numbersrequires a great deal of tedious calculating 35 00:02:36,160 --> 00:02:40,880 for which a mathematician named Charles Hought on was 36 00:02:40,880 --> 00:02:41,360 engaged 37 00:02:43,670 --> 00:02:47,090 To find the mass of the mountain from all these numbers 38 00:02:47,090 --> 00:02:51,270 这是一个不定式这个作主语就这件事情 39 00:02:52,050 --> 00:02:59,530 也就是要从所有的这些数字中计算出山的质量这 40 00:02:59,980 --> 00:03:04,910 些数据指的是之前他们说的这个测量得出的数据要完 41 00:03:04,910 --> 00:03:08,200 成这件事呢 required a great deal of tedious 42 00:03:08,200 --> 00:03:14,160 calculating 要完成这件事需要大量的构造的计算 43 00:03:14,160 --> 00:03:18,790 Tedious means long and boring For example, 44 00:03:18,890 --> 00:03:21,470 a tedious book,a tedious movie, 45 00:03:21,670 --> 00:03:24,430 or a tedious lecture For 46 00:03:24,560 --> 00:03:28,340 which a mathematician named Charles Hutton was 47 00:03:28,340 --> 00:03:31,340 engaged 为了完成这件事, 48 00:03:31,500 --> 00:03:35,140 他们就 engaged,有点像是 hired, 49 00:03:35,360 --> 00:03:39,680 就请了一个数学家,叫 Charles Hutton, 50 00:03:39,760 --> 00:03:42,140 请他来计算,因为没人愿意计算。 51 00:03:43,740 --> 00:03:48,080 The surveyors had covered a map with scores of figures, 52 00:03:48,400 --> 00:03:53,320 each marking an elevation at some point on or around the 53 00:03:53,320 --> 00:03:55,940 mountain.scores, 54 00:03:56,160 --> 00:04:02,200 you probably know that a dozen is twelvewhile a score is 55 00:04:02,200 --> 00:04:08,560 twentyscore 就是二十 but scores of 就像 dozens of 一样 56 00:04:08,560 --> 00:04:14,280 并没有明确的只是多少只是范值相当于就是几十这 57 00:04:15,180 --> 00:04:20,400 些众多的测量员呢他们制作出了一张地图这个地图上 58 00:04:20,400 --> 00:04:25,900 密密麻麻写的都是数字写了几十个数字每一个数字呢 59 00:04:25,900 --> 00:04:29,840 都 marking and elevation at some point on or around the 60 00:04:29,840 --> 00:04:35,520 mountainelevation 指的是高企的部分就是高度其实 61 00:04:35,520 --> 00:04:40,260 elevate 作为动词是升高抬高的意思还有这个 62 00:04:40,260 --> 00:04:45,020 elevator 可能大家都熟悉这个词是指商场里面那种自 63 00:04:45,020 --> 00:04:47,340 动扶梯就是那种电梯 64 00:04:48,880 --> 00:04:53,240 那这里 marking and elevation 指的是上面密密麻麻的 65 00:04:53,240 --> 00:04:59,800 数字呢每一个数字都代表着山上或者山周围的高度某 66 00:04:59,800 --> 00:05:01,160 个地点的一个高度 67 00:05:02,280 --> 00:05:08,100 这一 68 00:05:08,520 --> 00:05:15,940 堆的数字看得人眼花缭乱 But Hutton noticed that if he 69 00:05:15,940 --> 00:05:19,240 used a pencil to connect points of equal height, 70 00:05:19,500 --> 00:05:24,020 it all became much more orderly.Hutton 注意到, 71 00:05:24,120 --> 00:05:29,660 如果拿一支铅笔把所有相同高度的点都连起来, 72 00:05:29,780 --> 00:05:33,160 那么整张图看过去就是井然有序, 73 00:05:33,280 --> 00:05:35,940 orderly,order 是秩序的意思, 74 00:05:36,220 --> 00:05:38,560 orderly 指的就是非常有秩序, 75 00:05:38,600 --> 00:05:39,700 就很有规律了。 76 00:05:39,700 --> 00:05:44,100 Indeed,one could instantly get a sense of the overall 77 00:05:44,100 --> 00:05:48,720 shape and slope of the mountain get a sense of 就是感觉 78 00:05:48,720 --> 00:05:49,900 到确实, 79 00:05:49,960 --> 00:05:57,720 人们可以一下子就感觉到这个山的整体形状和坡度 He 80 00:05:57,910 --> 00:06:04,630 had invented contour lines 可以说他无意间发明了等 81 00:06:04,630 --> 00:06:06,230 高线等 82 00:06:07,380 --> 00:06:09,880 高线就是这样的比如 83 00:06:10,420 --> 00:06:15,100 我们这里可以很容易的就看到山顶在什么地方就在这 84 00:06:15,100 --> 00:06:16,760 儿这里是安布 85 00:06:17,760 --> 00:06:24,120 还有呢我们可以看到这个地方坡度比较缓因为距离好 86 00:06:24,120 --> 00:06:29,400 长才上一个台阶吧这里也是坡度比较缓这个 87 00:06:29,920 --> 00:06:34,700 cont our 就是轮廓的意思 cont our lines 可以描绘出一 88 00:06:34,700 --> 00:06:40,490 座山的外形轮廓 extrapolating from his Sheehalian 89 00:06:40,490 --> 00:06:43,930 measurements Hart on calculated the mass of the earth 90 00:06:43,930 --> 00:06:46,510 at 5000 million million tons, 91 00:06:46,810 --> 00:06:50,630 from which could reasonably be deduced the masses of 92 00:06:50,630 --> 00:06:53,370 all the other major bodies in the solar system, 93 00:06:53,570 --> 00:06:54,970 including the sun. 94 00:06:55,490 --> 00:07:01,190 To ex ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）