第4章 万物的尺度 The Measure of Things · 第5讲S1

1. 老师，讲稿里提到法国人选安第斯山脉是因为‘reasoned that mountains would give them good sight lines’，这里的reasoned具体是什么意思？他们为啥觉得山上视线就好呢？
2. 我发现survey这个词在讲稿里一会儿读名词音，一会儿读动词音。能具体讲讲surveying（观测）和to survey（测量）在发音和用法上到底有啥区别吗？
3. 讲稿里把秘鲁的地形称为'much accidentato'，还说是'impossible terrains'。这两个词在形容地形恶劣程度上有啥细微差别？为什么当地人要用'accidentato'这个词？
4. 为什么法国人要去赤道附近的安第斯山脉测量，而不是在别的地方？讲稿里说这是为了'determine if there really was a difference in sphericity'，这跟牛顿说的地球不是完美球体有啥关系？
5. 讲稿最后用'sun blistered years'来形容那九年半的艰难岁月，字面意思是‘晒出水泡的年份’。这种表达除了说明天气热，还在情感色彩上强调了什么？

1. Teacher, the script says the French 'reasoned that mountains would give them good sight lines.' What exactly does 'reasoned' mean here? Why did they think mountains would offer better visibility?
2. I noticed 'survey' is pronounced differently when it's a noun versus a verb in the script. Can you explain the specific differences in pronunciation and usage between 'surveying' (the act) and 'to survey' (the action)?
3. The script describes the terrain in Peru as 'much accidentato' and 'impossible terrains.' What’s the subtle difference between these two terms when describing harsh terrain? Why did the locals use the word 'accidentato'?
4. Why did the French choose the Andes near the equator for measurement instead of other places? The script mentions they wanted to 'determine if there really was a difference in sphericity.' How does this relate to Newton's theory that the Earth isn't a perfect sphere?
5. The script uses the phrase 'sun blistered years' to describe those nine and a half difficult years. Literally meaning 'years that caused sun blisters,' what emotional nuance or emphasis does this expression convey beyond just indicating hot weather?

1 00:00:11,310 --> 00:00:12,730 In the previous lesson, 2 00:00:12,870 --> 00:00:15,950 the author explained to us that all previous 3 00:00:15,950 --> 00:00:19,150 measurements of the Earth meridian were made on the 4 00:00:19,150 --> 00:00:22,350 assumption that the Earth was a perfect sphere. 5 00:00:22,890 --> 00:00:25,370 But then Newton said it was not. 6 00:00:26,250 --> 00:00:30,190 That was why the French Academy of Science organized a 7 00:00:30,190 --> 00:00:32,290 field trip to take new measurements. 8 00:00:33,050 --> 00:00:36,510 But why did they choose the Andes in South America? 9 00:00:37,370 --> 00:00:39,430 Here we go.They 10 00:00:40,230 --> 00:00:44,130 chose the Andes because they needed to measure near the 11 00:00:44,130 --> 00:00:47,790 equator to determine if there really was a difference 12 00:00:47,790 --> 00:00:50,870 in sphericity there and 13 00:00:51,250 --> 00:00:54,450 because they reasoned that mountains would give them 14 00:00:54,450 --> 00:00:55,490 good sight lines 15 00:00:56,620 --> 00:01:02,600 他们选择了安地斯山脉那是因为他们需要在赤道附近 16 00:01:02,600 --> 00:01:03,540 进行测量 17 00:01:04,420 --> 00:01:11,100 是为了确定赤道附近的球面跟其他地方是否真的有不 18 00:01:11,100 --> 00:01:12,460 同还有 19 00:01:13,350 --> 00:01:18,990 一个原因就是 they reasoned thatreason 指的是进行推 20 00:01:18,990 --> 00:01:23,070 理判断进行逻辑的推理判断他们 21 00:01:23,140 --> 00:01:28,640 得出的结论是在山上恐怕视线会比较好 in 22 00:01:28,670 --> 00:01:33,270 fact the mountains of Peru was so constantly lost in 23 00:01:33,270 --> 00:01:37,530 cloud that the team often had to wait weeks for an hour's 24 00:01:37,530 --> 00:01:43,770 clear surveying 但事实并非如此比如的山须 So 25 00:01:43,770 --> 00:01:49,150 constantly lost in cloudconstantly means often 往往 26 00:01:49,150 --> 00:01:51,490 是笼罩在云雾之中 27 00:01:52,090 --> 00:01:56,390 导致这个团队 often had to wait weeks for an hour's 28 00:01:56,390 --> 00:02:01,890 clear surveyingsurvey 这是动词中音在后面如果是名 29 00:02:01,890 --> 00:02:07,310 词的话应该读作 survey 动词读作 survey to 30 00:02:07,400 --> 00:02:12,240 survey means to examine and measuresurveying 就变成 31 00:02:12,240 --> 00:02:15,420 名词了它是动名词观测比如 32 00:02:15,870 --> 00:02:19,330 山区往往是云雾笼罩这个 33 00:02:19,360 --> 00:02:24,900 团队往往要等上好几个星期才有一个小时可以进行清 34 00:02:24,900 --> 00:02:26,780 晰的测量 on 35 00:02:28,670 --> 00:02:32,350 top of that they have selected one of the most nearly 36 00:02:32,350 --> 00:02:35,510 impossible terrains on earth on 37 00:02:35,640 --> 00:02:39,480 top of that means in addition 除此之外, 38 00:02:39,560 --> 00:02:44,220 他们其实是选择了地球上最糟糕、 39 00:02:44,260 --> 00:02:49,240 最难以对付的地形 impossible means extremely 40 00:02:49,240 --> 00:02:54,000 difficult to deal with or tolerate for example, 41 00:02:54,160 --> 00:02:56,460 an impossible situation, 42 00:02:56,780 --> 00:03:01,660 一个棘手的状况 or those children were impossible, 43 00:03:02,140 --> 00:03:04,460 这些小屁孩太难对付了, 44 00:03:04,520 --> 00:03:10,080 太难管了 Terrains 是地形 It 45 00:03:10,340 --> 00:03:14,680 was obvious that David knew the terrain very well 显然 46 00:03:14,680 --> 00:03:17,920 David 非常熟悉这里的地形现在 47 00:03:18,170 --> 00:03:23,850 他们选择的地形是 impossible terrains 是最难对付的 48 00:03:23,850 --> 00:03:28,900 地形 Peruvians refer to their landscape as mere 49 00:03:28,900 --> 00:03:33,440 accidentatomuch accidented and this it most 50 00:03:33,440 --> 00:03:39,590 certainly is Peruvians 指的是秘鲁人他们当地人把这 51 00:03:39,590 --> 00:03:45,060 个区域称为 Mu Accidentato 这是他们当地的语言也就 52 00:03:45,060 --> 00:03:51,160 是西班牙语用英文来说就是 Much Accident 事故多发的 53 00:03:51,220 --> 00:03:53,200 多事故的 And this, 54 00:03:53,320 --> 00:03:58,960 it most certainly is 这里大家不妨暂停一下视频想一 55 00:03:58,960 --> 00:04:03,740 下这个 this 指的是什么 it 指的又是什么 This 56 00:04:05,470 --> 00:04:12,130 就是 Much Accident it 指的是 their landscape 整 57 00:04:13,380 --> 00:04:17,520 个句子按正常的顺序是这样的就是 their landscape 58 00:04:19,480 --> 00:04:27,560 most certainly is much accident 这个地区确实是十古 59 00:04:27,560 --> 00:04:28,940 多发地段 The 60 00:04:30,380 --> 00:04:33,820 French had not only to scale some of the world's most 61 00:04:33,820 --> 00:04:37,300 challenging mountainsmountains that defeated even 62 00:04:37,300 --> 00:04:40,700 their mirrors but to reach the mountains they had to 63 00:04:40,700 --> 00:04:44,420 ford wild rivershack their way through jungles and 64 00:04:44,420 --> 00:04:48,800 cross miles of high stony desertnearly all of it 65 00:04:48,800 --> 00:04:51,860 uncharted and far from any source of supplies 66 00:04:53,380 --> 00:04:57,980 我们先看这个句子里的细节的地方 scale means climb 67 00:04:57,980 --> 00:05:01,160 to scale the mountains means to climb the 68 00:05:01,160 --> 00:05:04,390 mountainsmules a 69 00:05:04,550 --> 00:05:08,190 mule is an animal that has a donkey and a horse Murals as 70 00:05:08,190 --> 00:05:09,410 parents, 71 00:05:09,850 --> 00:05:14,590 usually a mural's mother is a horse and father is a 72 00:05:14,590 --> 00:05:18,390 donkey.Mural is very hardworking and very strong. 73 00:05:18,730 --> 00:05:22,510 Ford,wild rivers.Ford, 74 00:05:22,690 --> 00:05:27,230 it means a shallow place in a river where you can walk 75 00:05:27,230 --> 00:05:27,590 across. 76 00:05:28,660 --> 00:05:34,360 It can also mean crossing a river at a ford.它既可以是 77 00:05:34,360 --> 00:05:38,220 名词,指的是河流里边水比较浅的, 78 00:05:38,240 --> 00:05:41,440 可以涉水而过的地方也可以做动词, 79 00:05:41,560 --> 00:05:47,420 就表示涉水而过这个动作 To cross a river at a ford 说 80 00:05:47,520 --> 00:05:48,280 起这个词呢, 81 00:05:48,420 --> 00:05:52,920 不知道大家有没有想到 Oxford Oxford is a city near 82 00:05:52,920 --> 00:05:53,320 London 83 00:05:54,020 --> 00:05:55,180 这是一个地名 84 00:05:55,680 --> 00:05:59,820 一般来说地名都是英译的比如说 Lond on, 85 00:05:59,860 --> 00:06:06,650 伦敦可是 Oxford 显然不是英译其实它是意义 Oxford 可 86 00:06:06,650 --> 00:06:13,130 以分成两部分一个是 Ox 还有一个就是 Ford Ox 不就是牛 87 00:06:13,130 --> 00:06:19,830 吗而 Ford 就是渡口的意思而这个渡口在我们中文中就 88 00:06:19,830 --> 00:06:26,830 叫金所以是牛金 Hack their way through jungles To 89 00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:32,400 hack means to cut something roughly or v ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）