第4章 万物的尺度 The Measure of Things · 第4讲S4

1. 讲稿里说作者用 'survived' 而不是 'lived'，是因为 'survive' 通常指从灾难中幸存。那为什么这里用 'survived' 就能说明他过得并不一帆风顺呢？
2. 'attention span' 是注意力持续时间，'wingspan' 是翼展，那 'lifespan' 到底是指人的寿命还是指某个特定的时间段？这两个词里的 'span' 意思一样吗？
3. 文中提到牧师被 Norwood 的两个儿子 'traumatized'，但小孩子怎么会给大人造成心理创伤呢？这里的 'traumatized' 是不是有别的意思，比如只是惹恼了对方？
4. 为什么 Norwood 的女婿要 'laid small charges'（提起琐碎指控）？讲稿里说可能是被牧师 'incited'（煽动），这跟后来 Norwood 需要反复去法院辩护有什么因果关系？
5. Norwood 担心自己的三角学论文因为符号太 'arcane'（晦涩）而被当成跟魔鬼沟通，从而被审判为巫师。在那个年代，这种担心是多余的吗？还是说当时真的存在这种风险？

1. The script says the author used 'survived' instead of 'lived' because 'survive' usually refers to surviving a disaster. So why does using 'survived' imply that his life wasn't smooth sailing?
2. 'Attention span' refers to the duration of attention, and 'wingspan' refers to the distance between wing tips. So does 'lifespan' refer to a person's lifespan or a specific period of time? Are the meanings of 'span' in these words the same?
3. The text mentions that the vicar was 'traumatized' by Norwood's two sons, but how could children cause psychological trauma to an adult? Does 'traumatized' have another meaning here, like just offending him?
4. Why did Norwood's son-in-law 'lay small charges'? The script says he might have been 'incited' by the vicar. What is the causal relationship between this and Norwood having to travel repeatedly to court to defend himself?
5. Norwood worried that his trigonometry papers, with their 'arcane' symbols, would be mistaken for communication with the devil, leading to a witch trial. In that era, was this concern unnecessary, or was there really such a risk?

1 00:00:05,840 --> 00:00:11,960 他在那里度过了 38 年 2 00:00:12,970 --> 00:00:17,730 我们看一下作者不是用 he lived there for 38 years 而是 3 00:00:17,730 --> 00:00:22,450 survived there for 38 yearssurvive you usually 4 00:00:22,450 --> 00:00:23,670 survive a disaster 5 00:00:24,390 --> 00:00:29,890 往往是一场灾难你才会用 survive 在这个灾难中幸存 6 00:00:29,890 --> 00:00:34,990 下来现在他说他在那度过了 38 年而也用 survive 就说 7 00:00:34,990 --> 00:00:38,290 明他过得并不是一帆风顺的 8 00:00:54,520 --> 00:01:02,600 span 可以指距离也可以指时间比如 attention span 是 9 00:01:02,600 --> 00:01:06,840 指人的注意时长比如说小孩的 attention span 就非常 10 00:01:06,840 --> 00:01:13,080 短它只能专注一小段时间那 l ifespan 是人的寿命而 a 11 00:01:13,080 --> 00:01:17,840 bird with a large wingspan 这个 wingspan 指的是驿站也 12 00:01:17,840 --> 00:01:24,160 就是鸟翅膀张开的时候两端的距离飞机也有 wingspan 13 00:01:24,160 --> 00:01:28,820 书上这个 span 指的就是 periodpast this period 这个 14 00:01:28,820 --> 00:01:34,440 period 就是它的 38 年 adulation means excessive 15 00:01:34,440 --> 00:01:35,820 flattery or admiration 16 00:01:36,540 --> 00:01:38,360 就是公围,场面 17 00:01:40,540 --> 00:01:45,540 大家要注意到他这里用的是虚拟语气我真希望能够向 18 00:01:45,540 --> 00:01:46,880 读者报告说 19 00:01:47,400 --> 00:01:53,220 他的这段时间是在幸福和公围中在幸福和掌声之中度 20 00:01:53,220 --> 00:01:57,780 过的我们从他这个虚拟语气的应用就可以看出来实际 21 00:01:57,780 --> 00:02:00,920 上并不是这样 in fact he didn't 22 00:02:01,790 --> 00:02:05,670 on the crossing from England his two young sons were 23 00:02:05,670 --> 00:02:10,010 placed in a cabinwith the reverend Nathaniel White and 24 00:02:10,330 --> 00:02:13,770 somehow so successfully traumatized the young vicar 25 00:02:13,770 --> 00:02:17,210 that he devoted much of the rest of his career to 26 00:02:17,210 --> 00:02:20,890 persecuting Norwood in any small way he could think 27 00:02:20,890 --> 00:02:28,240 ofcrossing from England 指的是从英国夸热大洋来到 28 00:02:28,240 --> 00:02:30,560 百慕大这个路上他的 29 00:02:30,910 --> 00:02:35,130 两个年幼的儿子跟 The Reverend Nathanael White 跟这 30 00:02:35,130 --> 00:02:39,910 位牧师是乘坐同一个船舱在同一个船舱里面 31 00:02:40,900 --> 00:02:44,340 And somehow so successfully traumatized the young 32 00:02:44,340 --> 00:02:48,640 vicar The young vicar 指的就是这个牧师 Vicar 的意思 33 00:02:48,640 --> 00:02:54,580 就是牧师虽然 Reverend 也是牧师但是 Reverend 是放在 34 00:02:54,580 --> 00:03:00,300 名字前面是对牧师的尊称而这个 vicar 才是指他的身 35 00:03:00,300 --> 00:03:06,140 份他的职业 Traum atized 其实我们在学习哈雷的那个 36 00:03:06,140 --> 00:03:10,040 部分的时候就学过 But Harley's trauma was not yet over 37 00:03:10,040 --> 00:03:15,460 但是哈雷的烦恼还没有结束这个 trauma 是指创伤的意 38 00:03:15,460 --> 00:03:19,860 思 Traum atized 就给什么人带来创伤那其实在这里呢 39 00:03:20,460 --> 00:03:26,040 两个孩子肯定不会对这个大人造成什么样的创伤什么 40 00:03:26,040 --> 00:03:31,160 样的伤害其实指的就是 offended the young vicar 两 41 00:03:31,350 --> 00:03:34,670 孩子不知道是怎么就惹恼了这位牧师 42 00:03:35,350 --> 00:03:41,070 that 表示导致的结果 He devoted much of the rest of his 43 00:03:41,070 --> 00:03:45,810 career to persecuting Norwood in any small way he could 44 00:03:45,810 --> 00:03:49,050 think ofpersecute 是迫害造 45 00:03:49,240 --> 00:03:55,200 成的结果就是这位牧师后半辈子想尽各种办法迫害 N 46 00:03:55,200 --> 00:03:56,360 orwood N 47 00:03:59,500 --> 00:04:01,920 orwood's two daughters brought their father 48 00:04:01,920 --> 00:04:06,180 additional pain by making poor marriagespo or 并不是 49 00:04:06,180 --> 00:04:12,040 贫穷或者可怜的意思在这里是差劲的 N orwood 的两个 50 00:04:12,040 --> 00:04:16,480 女儿婚姻的不是很美满给她的父亲带来了 additional 51 00:04:16,480 --> 00:04:19,980 pain 额外的痛苦 One of the husbands, 52 00:04:20,300 --> 00:04:22,480 possibly incited by the vicar, 53 00:04:22,640 --> 00:04:26,800 continually laid small charges against Norwood in 54 00:04:26,800 --> 00:04:30,740 courtcausing him much ex asperation and 55 00:04:30,740 --> 00:04:34,820 necessitating repeated trips across Bermuda to 56 00:04:34,820 --> 00:04:35,600 defend himself 57 00:04:36,520 --> 00:04:42,540 Incited means encouraged to fight or argue 可能是被那 58 00:04:42,540 --> 00:04:48,700 位牧师给煽动了可能是那位牧师在那煽风点火 N 59 00:04:48,700 --> 00:04:49,800 orwood 的一个女婿呢, 60 00:04:49,840 --> 00:04:54,880 不断地 laid small charges against Norwood in court, 61 00:04:55,100 --> 00:04:57,780 不断地到法院去控告 N orwood, 62 00:04:57,960 --> 00:05:02,780 不断地找一些鸡毛蒜皮的事情到法院去控告 N orwood, 63 00:05:02,960 --> 00:05:05,930 causing him much ex asperation, 64 00:05:06,030 --> 00:05:07,770 ex asperate, 65 00:05:07,790 --> 00:05:11,570 to ex asperate means to make someone very annoyed or 66 00:05:11,570 --> 00:05:12,430 very angry, 67 00:05:12,670 --> 00:05:16,210 by continuing to do something that upsets them, 68 00:05:16,210 --> 00:05:17,210 给 69 00:05:17,720 --> 00:05:18,600 Norwood 70 00:05:18,680 --> 00:05:23,820 带来了巨大的烦恼 and necessitating repeated trips 71 00:05:23,820 --> 00:05:28,640 across Bermuda to defend himselfnecessitating means 72 00:05:28,640 --> 00:05:33,820 making something necessarymaking it necessary for 73 00:05:33,820 --> 00:05:39,180 Norwood to travel across Bermuda to defend himself 使 74 00:05:39,310 --> 00:05:43,970 得 Norwood 极端愤怒烦恼之余呢每次还要大老远的跑 75 00:05:43,970 --> 00:05:46,570 到法院去出庭为自己辩护 76 00:06:09,540 --> 00:06:11,580 到了 17 世纪 50 年代 77 00:06:12,190 --> 00:06:17,990 审判女巫的风潮也飘扬过海传到了白木大 Noward 他的 78 00:06:17,990 --> 00:06:22,930 晚年是在极度的不安中度过的 Sphere means very 79 00:06:22,930 --> 00:06:27,970 serious 非常严重的 Unease 不安后 80 00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:35,140 面还跟着两个的同位语从句 That and that 修饰这个不 81 00:06:35,140 --> 00:06:39,760 安他的不安是什么呢 That his papers on trig onometry 82 00:06:39,760 --> 00:06:43,360 with their arcane symbols will be taken as 83 00:06:43,360 --> 00:06:45,860 communications with the devil 他 84 00:06:46,180 --> 00:06:52,820 担忧的是自己在三角学方面的 papers 论文啊或者手稿 85 00:06:52,820 --> 00:06:58,660 啊这些上面都写着很多的 arcane symbolsarcane means 86 00:06:58,660 --> 00:07:03,800 understood or known to only a few 只有一部分人才能够 87 00:07:03,800 --> 00:07:09,880 了解的大部分人都是看不懂的就神秘难懂的他的 88 00:07:10,940 --> 00:07:17,600 这些手稿上有很多奇奇怪怪的外行人看不懂的符号他 89 00:07:17,600 --> 00:07:21,930 担心这些符号呢 90 00:07:24,690 --> 00:07:30,790 因为别人看不懂就会以为这是在跟魔鬼进行交流以为 91 00:07:30,790 --> 00:07:32,850 是他跟魔鬼沟通用的 92 00:07: ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）