第3章 埃文斯牧师的宇宙 The Reverend Evans's Universe · 第4讲

1. 老师，稿子里提到 Perlmutter 设计了一个 'nifty system' 来自动寻找超新星，这个系统具体是怎么利用 CCD 和电脑实现 'automate'（自动化）的？能举个像 'automatic washing machine' 那样的例子说明它是怎么工作的吗？
2. 文中说 'Visual sightings were providing a supernovae' 但 'that is not enough'，为什么光靠肉眼观察不够？为什么天文学家需要 'systematic'（系统性的）方法来收集更多数据来计算宇宙膨胀速度？
3. 稿子里讲了 'stellar' 和 'astro' 都跟星星有关，但来源不同。除了 'stellar neighbor'，还有哪些词是用 'stella' 词源的？它们跟 'astronomy' 里的 'astro' 到底有什么区别？
4. 作者用了 'I had imagined' 这种过去完成时，而不是简单的 'I imagined'。为什么这里要用过去完成时？这暗示了作者后来对 '超新星爆炸会带来4.3年观赏期' 这个想法的认知发生了什么样的改变？
5. 如果像 Alpha Centauri 那么近的恒星爆炸，消息以光速传播，破坏性也以光速传播，那我们岂不是在知道爆炸发生的瞬间就被杀死了？为什么稿子里说 'don't worry, this is not going to happen'？

1. Teacher, the transcript mentions Perlmutter designed a 'nifty system' to automatically find supernovae. How exactly does this system use CCDs and computers to 'automate' the process? Can you give an example like 'automatic washing machine' to explain how it works?
2. The text says 'Visual sightings were providing a supernovae' but 'that is not enough'. Why is relying on naked-eye observation not enough? Why do astronomers need a 'systematic' method to collect more data to calculate the universe's expansion rate?
3. The transcript explains that both 'stellar' and 'astro' relate to stars but have different origins. Besides 'stellar neighbor', what other words use the 'stella' root? What is the exact difference between them and the 'astro' in 'astronomy'?
4. The author used 'I had imagined' (past perfect) instead of just 'I imagined' (simple past). Why use the past perfect here? What does this tense imply about how the author's understanding of the '4.3 years to watch the explosion' idea changed later on?
5. If a star as close as Alpha Centauri exploded, and both the news and the destructive force travel at the speed of light, wouldn't we be killed the instant we knew it happened? Why does the transcript say 'don't worry, this is not going to happen'?

1 00:00:10,990 --> 00:00:11,570 Hey guys, 2 00:00:11,890 --> 00:00:15,310 welcome back to the Spectacular World of Supernovae. 3 00:00:16,140 --> 00:00:18,960 Again,a summary of our previous session. 4 00:00:19,550 --> 00:00:22,950 Supernovae are extremely rare sights. 5 00:00:23,350 --> 00:00:24,650 Seen from Earth, 6 00:00:24,890 --> 00:00:28,390 they are no more than travelling flares among swarms of 7 00:00:28,390 --> 00:00:28,730 stars. 8 00:00:29,350 --> 00:00:33,490 Observation of supernovae helps cosmologists to 9 00:00:33,490 --> 00:00:36,790 measure the expansion rate of the universe and work out 10 00:00:36,790 --> 00:00:39,310 the rate at which galaxies are evolving. 11 00:00:42,350 --> 00:00:44,750 如果星星之间一颠流出, 12 00:00:44,750 --> 00:00:44,870 那会是什么样的发生? 13 00:00:48,030 --> 00:00:51,070 1987 年,萨尔布尔玛托 stoff, 14 00:00:51,070 --> 00:00:52,910 在卡利福尼亚的诺伦斯伯克利医院, 15 00:00:53,810 --> 00:00:57,670 需要 1 A 超级高光 then visual sightings were 16 00:00:57,670 --> 00:00:58,330 providing, 17 00:00:59,250 --> 00:01:01,590 办了一个更有系统的方法, 18 00:01:01,750 --> 00:01:03,030 寻找它们的方法。 19 00:01:03,680 --> 00:01:09,060 sighting means an occasion on which something is 20 00:01:09,060 --> 00:01:12,700 seenespecially something rare or something that 21 00:01:12,700 --> 00:01:16,480 people are hoping to see for example there were two 22 00:01:16,480 --> 00:01:23,340 unconfirmed sightings of UFOs in the area U FO 可以合起 23 00:01:23,340 --> 00:01:29,890 来读作 U FO 就是不明飞行物飞碟 sightings of UFO 也就 24 00:01:29,890 --> 00:01:35,540 是人们说看到了 U FO 但是 unconfirmed 但是这两起目击 25 00:01:35,540 --> 00:01:38,200 U FO 的事件都是未经证实的 26 00:01:38,860 --> 00:01:42,680 Where was the latest sighting of South China Tiger? 27 00:01:43,260 --> 00:01:47,500 华南湖最后一次被人们看到是在哪儿? 28 00:01:49,450 --> 00:01:52,910 V isual sightings were providing 1 29 00:01:53,130 --> 00:01:58,770 A supernovae 意思是通过用眼睛去看确实提供了一些 30 00:01:58,770 --> 00:02:00,790 超新星但是 31 00:02:01,640 --> 00:02:03,040 But that is not enough 32 00:02:03,710 --> 00:02:07,990 对他来说不够他为什么需要这么多的 1 a supernova 33 00:02:08,530 --> 00:02:13,610 因为前面已经说过了这种类型的超新星可以帮助天文 34 00:02:13,610 --> 00:02:16,190 学家计算宇宙膨胀的速度 35 00:02:16,850 --> 00:02:20,410 所以他需要更多的超新星的数据 36 00:02:21,190 --> 00:02:25,290 所以他就 set up to find a more systematic method of 37 00:02:25,290 --> 00:02:30,230 searching for themsystematic 大家要看到名词 system 38 00:02:30,230 --> 00:02:36,410 就是系统那他就要去想一种比较系统的方法来搜寻超 39 00:02:36,410 --> 00:02:37,230 新星 40 00:02:37,890 --> 00:02:42,550 Premont devised a nifty systemusing sophisticated 41 00:02:42,550 --> 00:02:47,230 computers and charge coupled devices in essence, 42 00:02:47,470 --> 00:02:49,830 really good digital cameras 43 00:02:50,650 --> 00:02:53,930 这个 devised 跟后面这个 device 44 00:02:54,750 --> 00:02:59,350 大家应该认得出来它们是有关系的这是动词 it means 45 00:02:59,350 --> 00:03:01,610 to design 去设计 46 00:03:01,710 --> 00:03:06,490 去制作而这个 device 呢是名词指的是 a piece of 47 00:03:06,490 --> 00:03:11,350 equipment or tool 它设计了一种 nifty systemnifty 48 00:03:11,350 --> 00:03:12,610 means very clever, 49 00:03:12,730 --> 00:03:16,810 very effective 很好用的巧妙的一套系统 50 00:03:17,620 --> 00:03:20,600 这套系统利用了 sophisticated 51 00:03:20,600 --> 00:03:26,000 computerssophisticated means very complex or 52 00:03:26,000 --> 00:03:31,980 advanced 高精尖的 Sophisticated technology 高精尖 53 00:03:31,980 --> 00:03:33,560 的技术 A 54 00:03:34,010 --> 00:03:38,650 sophisticated software Or a sophisticated weapon 55 00:03:38,650 --> 00:03:42,200 system Charge coupled devices 56 00:03:43,080 --> 00:03:50,560 指的是电荷偶合器件它是用电荷量来表示不同状态的 57 00:03:50,560 --> 00:03:57,280 动态移位计存器那比原来传统的底片更能够捕捉到光 58 00:03:57,280 --> 00:03:58,000 的变化 59 00:03:58,760 --> 00:04:04,400 那这个东西到底是什么呢就是把这个很高级的电脑跟 60 00:04:04,400 --> 00:04:10,360 电荷偶合器件结合起来设计出来的一种 Nifty System 61 00:04:11,680 --> 00:04:15,860 In essence,really good digital cameras 从 62 00:04:16,820 --> 00:04:22,100 根本上来说它实际上就是非常好的数码照相机 63 00:04:22,100 --> 00:04:28,480 Digital cameras Dig it 是数位的意思比如说我们讲 64 00:04:28,480 --> 00:04:34,100 4305 它是一个四位数 It 65 00:04:34,580 --> 00:04:39,740 automated supernova huntingautomate auto means by 66 00:04:39,740 --> 00:04:40,220 oneself 67 00:04:40,800 --> 00:04:46,020 它使得超新星的寻找过程完全自动化了 automate 是动 68 00:04:46,020 --> 00:04:49,400 词它的形容词是 automatican automatic washing 69 00:04:49,400 --> 00:04:54,920 machine 自动洗衣机 auto 这个前缀可以构成很多的词 70 00:04:55,530 --> 00:04:58,070 比如这个这个 automobile, 71 00:04:58,310 --> 00:05:03,080 auto 是自己自动的,mobile 是移动, 72 00:05:03,220 --> 00:05:06,780 所以合起来就是自己能够动的, 73 00:05:06,860 --> 00:05:07,900 也就是汽车。 74 00:05:08,380 --> 00:05:11,720 autobiography,biography 是转机, 75 00:05:11,880 --> 00:05:13,680 那么这个自然就是自转。 76 00:05:13,960 --> 00:05:16,420 autopilot,自动驾驶仪。 77 00:05:16,540 --> 00:05:20,240 aut ofocus lens,自动对焦的镜头。 78 00:05:23,020 --> 00:05:30,740 我们把它分开一般就是指学校里头小孩子比较喜欢打 79 00:05:30,740 --> 00:05:31,760 小报告我 80 00:05:31,800 --> 00:05:40,770 从来不打小报告把它合在一起写的话就可以是名词 81 00:05:42,270 --> 00:05:49,770 没有人喜欢这种爱打小报告的人他指的是这种人人, 82 00:05:49,810 --> 00:05:54,470 telltales,那也可以是形容泄露秘密的, 83 00:05:54,530 --> 00:05:58,970 比如说这里,telltale signs of heart disease, 84 00:05:59,470 --> 00:06:02,730 心脏病的迹象,我们在翻译的时候, 85 00:06:02,910 --> 00:06:06,350 这个 telltale 基本上不会翻译出来, 86 00:06:06,550 --> 00:06:09,470 像这个心脏病的迹象,就这样就够了, 87 00:06:09,630 --> 00:06:12,370 但是它的意思大家应该能够体会到, 88 00:06:12,470 --> 00:06:16,210 也就是 heart disease 是比较不容易被发现的, 89 00:06:16,210 --> 00:06:21,110 但是根据这些 signs 就暴露了它的行踪那 90 00:06:22,100 --> 00:06:26,100 我们这里说的 detect the telltale bright spots that 91 00:06:26,100 --> 00:06:27,720 marked a supernova explosion 92 00:06:28,420 --> 00:06:34,600 这里的 mark means indicate 标志着超新星爆炸的光点 93 00:06:34,600 --> 00:06:40,020 那这些光点也就是暴露了超新星的存在所以 94 00:06:40,600 --> 00:06:46,060 现在很方便了天文望远镜可以自动照几千张照片然后 95 00:06:46,060 --> 00:06:50,900 由电脑去侦测,标志着超新星爆炸的光点。 96 00:06:51,820 --> 00:06:54,500 In five years,with a new technique, 97 00:06:54,860 --> 00:06:59,640 Perlmutter and his colleagues at Berkel ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）