第3章 埃文斯牧师的宇宙 The Reverend Evans's Universe · 第4讲S1

1. 老师，讲稿里说 Perlmutter 为什么要费那么大劲去‘设计’(devised) 一套系统来找超新星？是因为光靠眼睛看不够吗？
2. 这里面提到了 CCD 和传统的底片，CCD 到底是个啥黑科技，为啥它比老式底片更能捕捉到超新星的光？
3. 讲稿里把 supernova 比作 'travelling flares'（移动的闪光），这俩有啥区别呀？为啥说超新星是 'extremely rare' 的？
4. 单词 'automate' 和 'automatic' 长得很像，但讲稿里说 'It automated supernova hunting'，这里用动词形式有啥特别的表达效果？
5. 除了找超新星，讲稿里还提到了 'telltale signs'（暴露行踪的迹象），这个词一般还能用在啥生活场景里？比如除了心脏病，还能说啥病的 telltale signs？

1. Teacher, why did Perlmutter go to such great lengths to 'devise' a system for finding supernovae? Is looking with eyes just not enough?
2. The transcript mentions CCDs and traditional film. What exactly is this high-tech CCD, and why is it better at capturing supernova light than old-school film?
3. The transcript compares supernovae to 'travelling flares'. What's the difference between the two, and why are supernovae described as 'extremely rare'?
4. 'Automate' and 'automatic' look similar, but the transcript says 'It automated supernova hunting'. What's the specific effect of using it as a verb here?
5. Besides finding supernovae, the transcript also mentions 'telltale signs'. What other everyday situations can we use this phrase in? For example, besides heart disease, what other conditions have telltale signs?

1 00:00:11,090 --> 00:00:11,590 Hey guys, 2 00:00:11,930 --> 00:00:15,330 welcome back to the Spectacular World of Supernovae. 3 00:00:16,220 --> 00:00:18,980 Again,a summary of our previous session. 4 00:00:19,610 --> 00:00:22,970 Supernovae are extremely rare sights. 5 00:00:23,410 --> 00:00:24,690 Seen from Earth, 6 00:00:24,910 --> 00:00:28,410 they are no more than travelling flares among swarms of 7 00:00:28,410 --> 00:00:28,750 stars. 8 00:00:29,490 --> 00:00:33,510 Observation of supernovae helps cosmologists to 9 00:00:33,510 --> 00:00:36,810 measure the expansion rate of the universe and work out 10 00:00:36,810 --> 00:00:39,350 the rate at which galaxies are evolving. 11 00:00:41,960 --> 00:00:45,280 如果有星球在近距离,那会是什么样的? 12 00:00:47,360 --> 00:00:53,860 1987 年,萨尔帕玛特在卡利福尼亚的洛杉矶博物馆, 13 00:00:53,840 --> 00:00:56,960 需要 1 A 超级超级强光比较多的视频, 14 00:00:58,540 --> 00:01:01,560 找到一个更有选择的方法。 15 00:01:04,000 --> 00:01:09,720 视频是一个在看到的情况下的情况, 16 00:01:09,700 --> 00:01:13,020 especially something rare or something that people 17 00:01:13,020 --> 00:01:16,520 are hoping to see for example there were two 18 00:01:16,520 --> 00:01:23,380 unconfirmed sightings of UFOs in the area U FO 可以合起 19 00:01:23,380 --> 00:01:29,930 来读作 U FO 就是不明飞行物飞碟 sightings of UFO 也就 20 00:01:29,930 --> 00:01:35,560 是人们说看到了 U FO 但是 unconfirmed 但是这两起目击 21 00:01:35,560 --> 00:01:38,220 U FO 的事件都是未经证实的 22 00:01:38,890 --> 00:01:42,730 Where was the latest sighting of South China Tiger? 23 00:01:43,290 --> 00:01:47,230 华南湖最后一次被人们看到是在哪? 24 00:01:49,540 --> 00:01:52,960 V isual sightings were providing 1 25 00:01:53,180 --> 00:01:58,820 A supernovae 意思是通过用眼睛去看确实提供了一些 26 00:01:58,820 --> 00:02:03,080 超新星但是 But that is not enough 27 00:02:03,740 --> 00:02:08,300 对他来说不够他为什么需要这么多的 1 A supernovae? 28 00:02:08,660 --> 00:02:13,640 因为前面已经说过了这种类型的超新星可以帮助天文 29 00:02:13,640 --> 00:02:16,220 学家计算宇宙膨胀的速度 30 00:02:16,440 --> 00:02:20,440 所以它需要更多的超新星的数据 31 00:02:21,140 --> 00:02:25,280 所以它就 set up to find a more systematic method of 32 00:02:25,280 --> 00:02:30,240 searching for themsystematic 大家要看到名词 system 33 00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:37,000 就是系统它就要去想一种比较系统的方法来搜寻超新 34 00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:37,320 星 35 00:02:50,360 --> 00:02:53,900 这个 Devised 跟后面这个 Device 36 00:02:54,770 --> 00:02:59,370 大家应该认得出来它们是有关系的这是动词 It means 37 00:02:59,370 --> 00:03:00,110 to design 38 00:03:00,650 --> 00:03:01,650 去设计 39 00:03:01,730 --> 00:03:06,510 去制作而这个 Device 呢是名词指的是 a piece of 40 00:03:06,510 --> 00:03:06,950 equipment 41 00:03:07,930 --> 00:03:10,750 它设计了一种 Nifty system, 42 00:03:10,930 --> 00:03:12,630 Nifty means very clever, 43 00:03:12,770 --> 00:03:14,910 very effective,很好用的, 44 00:03:14,950 --> 00:03:16,810 巧妙的一套系统。 45 00:03:17,710 --> 00:03:21,150 这套系统利用了 Sophisticated computers, 46 00:03:21,750 --> 00:03:26,590 Sophisticated means very complex or advanced, 47 00:03:26,990 --> 00:03:28,010 高精尖的。 48 00:03:28,010 --> 00:03:33,590 Sophisticated technology 高精尖的技术 A 49 00:03:34,000 --> 00:03:38,660 sophisticated software Or a sophisticated weapon 50 00:03:38,660 --> 00:03:42,220 system Charge coupled devices 51 00:03:43,130 --> 00:03:50,590 指的是电荷偶合器件它是用电荷量来表示不同状态的 52 00:03:50,590 --> 00:03:57,310 动态移位寄存器那比原来传统的底片更能够捕捉到光 53 00:03:57,310 --> 00:03:58,970 的变化那 54 00:03:59,480 --> 00:04:04,760 这个东西到底是什么呢就是把这个很高级的电脑跟电 55 00:04:04,760 --> 00:04:07,120 荷偶合器件结合起来 56 00:04:07,740 --> 00:04:10,380 设计出来的一种 Nifty System 57 00:04:11,680 --> 00:04:14,760 In essence,really good digital cameras 58 00:04:16,290 --> 00:04:22,130 从根本上来说它实际上就是非常好的数码照相机 59 00:04:22,130 --> 00:04:28,490 Digital cameras Dig it 是数位的意思比如说我们讲 60 00:04:28,490 --> 00:04:34,130 4305 它是一个四位数 It 61 00:04:34,610 --> 00:04:39,770 automated supernova huntingautomate auto means by 62 00:04:39,770 --> 00:04:40,250 oneself 63 00:04:40,830 --> 00:04:46,050 它使得超新星的寻找过程完全自动化了 automate 是动 64 00:04:46,050 --> 00:04:49,430 词它的形容词是 automatican automatic washing 65 00:04:49,430 --> 00:04:54,950 machine 自动洗衣机 auto 这个前缀可以构成很多的词 66 00:04:55,560 --> 00:04:58,120 比如这个这个 automobile, 67 00:04:58,340 --> 00:05:03,120 auto 是自己自动的,mobile 是移动, 68 00:05:03,240 --> 00:05:06,820 所以合起来就是自己能够动的, 69 00:05:06,900 --> 00:05:07,940 也就是汽车。 70 00:05:08,420 --> 00:05:11,760 autobiography,biography 是转机, 71 00:05:11,900 --> 00:05:13,720 那么这个自然就是自转。 72 00:05:13,980 --> 00:05:16,440 autopilot,自动驾驶仪。 73 00:05:16,580 --> 00:05:20,280 aut ofocus lens,自动对焦的镜头。 74 00:05:23,060 --> 00:05:30,780 我们把它分开一般就是指学校里头小孩子比较喜欢打 75 00:05:30,780 --> 00:05:39,440 小报告我从来不打小报告把它合在一起写的话就可以 76 00:05:39,440 --> 00:05:40,800 是名词 77 00:05:42,300 --> 00:05:49,700 没有人喜欢这种爱打小报告的人他指的是这种人人, 78 00:05:49,840 --> 00:05:54,500 telltales,那也可以是形容泄露秘密的, 79 00:05:54,560 --> 00:05:59,020 比如说这里,telltale signs of heart disease, 80 00:05:59,520 --> 00:06:02,760 心脏病的迹象,我们在翻译的时候, 81 00:06:02,940 --> 00:06:05,460 这个 telltale 基本上呢, 82 00:06:05,460 --> 00:06:08,440 不会翻译出来,像这个心脏病的迹象, 83 00:06:08,520 --> 00:06:12,400 就这样就够了,但是它的意思大家应该能够体会到, 84 00:06:12,520 --> 00:06:16,220 也就是 heart disease 是比较不容易被发现的, 85 00:06:16,220 --> 00:06:21,180 但是根据这些 signs 就暴露了它的行踪那 86 00:06:22,100 --> 00:06:26,120 我们这里说的 detect the telltale bright spots that 87 00:06:26,120 --> 00:06:27,740 marked a supernova explosion 88 00:06:28,420 --> 00:06:34,620 这里的 mark means indicate 标志着超新星爆炸的光点 89 00:06:34,620 --> 00:06:39,040 那这些光点也就是暴露了超新星的存在 90 00:06:40,110 --> 00:06:45,550 所以现在很方便了天文望远镜可以自动照几千张照片 91 00:06:45,550 --> 00:06:50,930 然后由电脑去侦测标志着超新星爆炸的光点。 92 00:06:51,810 --> 00:06:54,530 In five years,with a new technique, 93 00:06:54,890 --> 00:06:59,670 Perlmutter and his colleagues at Berkeley found 42 94 00:06:59,670 --> 00:07:00,890 supernovae. 95 00:07:01,390 --> 00:07:05,070 Now even amateurs are finding supernovae with charge 96 00:07:05,070 --> 00:07:06,010 coupled devices. 97 00:07:06,610 --> 00:07:09,470 这就是刚才说的新的工具, 98 00:07:09,590 --> 00:07:11,070 简称 CC D。