第3章 埃文斯牧师的宇宙 The Reverend Evans's Universe · 第1讲

1. 讲稿里说‘skies are clear’而不是‘the sky is clear’，为啥要用复数 skies 呀？
2. 作者为啥把北极星叫做‘our faithful companion’（我们忠实的伴侣），它到底有啥特别的？
3. 文中说看到的星星是‘as they were’（过去的样子），那它们‘as they are now’（现在的样子）和过去的有啥区别？
4. 既然恒星本身是不动的，为啥我们看星星又是东升西落，又是北极星不动的呢？
5. 作者说北极星可能早在14世纪就熄灭了，只是光还没传到地球，这‘消息没传到’具体是指啥物理过程？

1. Why does the author use 'skies are clear' in the plural form instead of 'the sky is clear'?
2. Why does the author refer to the North Star as 'our faithful companion'? What makes it so special?
3. The text says we see stars 'as they were', so how is that different from 'as they are now'?
4. If stars are stationary, why do they appear to rise in the east and set in the west, yet the North Star stays fixed?
5. When the author says the North Star might have burned out long ago but the 'news hasn't reached us', what physical process does that refer to?

1 00:00:10,510 --> 00:00:12,890 Hello everybody,welcome back, 2 00:00:13,050 --> 00:00:14,210 and congratulations. 3 00:00:15,090 --> 00:00:17,770 You have just finished the first two chapters, 4 00:00:18,030 --> 00:00:20,990 and now you are moving on to chapter three. 5 00:00:22,540 --> 00:00:24,200 The Reverend Evans Universe. 6 00:00:24,620 --> 00:00:28,280 Let's look at the word revere in the word reverend. 7 00:00:28,640 --> 00:00:32,720 Revere means to respect and admire someone or 8 00:00:32,720 --> 00:00:34,940 something very much.For example, 9 00:00:35,180 --> 00:00:37,720 he is revered as a national hero. 10 00:00:37,980 --> 00:00:40,220 他被尊为民族英雄。 11 00:00:40,220 --> 00:00:44,020 Harvard and Yale are the country's most revered 12 00:00:44,020 --> 00:00:44,460 universities 13 00:00:45,060 --> 00:00:50,120 哈佛大学和耶鲁大学是这个国家最受推崇的大学 14 00:00:50,120 --> 00:00:54,090 Reverend means deserving to be revered, 15 00:00:54,090 --> 00:00:59,410 worthy of respect The Reverend is a respectful title 16 00:00:59,410 --> 00:01:02,410 used before the name of a minister in the Christian 17 00:01:02,410 --> 00:01:07,810 church The Reverend 是对牧师的尊称在 The Reverend 18 00:01:07,890 --> 00:01:11,010 后面要加上牧师的名字 The 19 00:01:12,320 --> 00:01:16,540 whole chapter 3 is devoted to the Reverend Evans and his 20 00:01:16,540 --> 00:01:16,940 findings, 21 00:01:17,240 --> 00:01:21,980 which will explain the life and death of stars in 22 00:01:22,260 --> 00:01:24,840 the creation of our dear old Earth. 23 00:01:25,540 --> 00:01:26,760 Now here we go. 24 00:01:27,350 --> 00:01:30,690 When the skies are clear and the moon is not too bright, 25 00:01:30,930 --> 00:01:33,090 the Reverend Robert Evans, 26 00:01:33,390 --> 00:01:35,110 a quiet and cheerful man, 27 00:01:35,290 --> 00:01:39,470 locks a bulky telescope onto the back deck of his home in 28 00:01:39,470 --> 00:01:40,850 the Blue Mountains of Australia, 29 00:01:40,850 --> 00:01:43,690 Ab out fifty miles west of Sydney, 30 00:01:43,870 --> 00:01:46,310 and does an extraordinary thing. 31 00:01:46,570 --> 00:01:50,230 He looks deep into the past and finds dying stars. 32 00:01:50,730 --> 00:01:55,390 Why does the author say the skies are clear, 33 00:01:55,590 --> 00:01:58,470 instead of the sky is clear? 34 00:01:59,030 --> 00:02:00,790 Could there be many skies? 35 00:02:01,390 --> 00:02:04,090 In fact,when you say skies, 36 00:02:04,670 --> 00:02:08,510 you describe the weather or what the sky looks like in a 37 00:02:08,510 --> 00:02:10,590 place.指天色的时候, 38 00:02:10,950 --> 00:02:14,170 比如天色是晴朗还是阴沉沉的, 39 00:02:14,210 --> 00:02:19,430 或者晚霞满天,这时候我们会用 skies 用复数形式。 40 00:02:20,140 --> 00:02:24,400 有一首歌 You are my sunshine 第一句就是这样唱的。 41 00:02:24,400 --> 00:02:29,950 You are my sunshine,my only sunshine 42 00:02:30,510 --> 00:02:35,450 You make me happy when skies are grey 43 00:02:36,290 --> 00:02:36,930 Now 44 00:02:37,860 --> 00:02:41,880 most astronomers we have learned about so far are in 45 00:02:41,880 --> 00:02:45,640 Europe and North America But the Reverend Evans is one 46 00:02:45,640 --> 00:02:48,500 of the few astronomers from the Southern Hemisphere 47 00:02:48,500 --> 00:02:53,220 His home is in the Blue Mountains of Australia The blue 48 00:02:53,220 --> 00:02:57,800 mountains are indeed blue if you look at them on a sunny 49 00:02:57,800 --> 00:02:58,880 day from a distance 50 00:02:59,720 --> 00:03:05,800 这是因为这里的山上长着很多安树安树油会发到空气 51 00:03:05,800 --> 00:03:06,040 中, 52 00:03:06,180 --> 00:03:12,720 形成许多小油滴小油滴对波长比较长的蓝色或紫色光 53 00:03:12,720 --> 00:03:15,020 有散射的作用李 54 00:03:15,440 --> 00:03:20,820 白的名句制造香炉生紫烟应该也可以用相同的道理来 55 00:03:20,820 --> 00:03:26,160 解释因为这个香炉并不是寺庙里面烧香用的香炉紫烟 56 00:03:26,160 --> 00:03:32,020 并不是烧香燃起的烟香炉指的是香炉峰是一座山峰的 57 00:03:32,020 --> 00:03:38,540 名字这里水气旺盛在阳光的照耀下小水滴对阳光产生 58 00:03:38,540 --> 00:03:45,540 了散射的作用使这里的天空呈现出蓝紫色 Lug means to 59 00:03:45,540 --> 00:03:50,880 carry or drag with great effort Bulky means big and 60 00:03:50,880 --> 00:03:51,280 heavy 61 00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:56,900 Dark,this is a dark 指 62 00:03:57,250 --> 00:04:01,590 的是阳台或者露台如果是在轮船上, 63 00:04:01,710 --> 00:04:04,130 那就是甲板 Now 64 00:04:04,520 --> 00:04:07,200 when the sky is so clear and the moon is not bright 65 00:04:08,250 --> 00:04:09,510 每当夜晚, 66 00:04:09,650 --> 00:04:14,970 天空晴月亮也不是太亮的时候因为如果月亮太亮了就 67 00:04:14,970 --> 00:04:19,450 会挡住星星的光芒就不适合观测了那 68 00:04:20,480 --> 00:04:23,500 这位 Referent Robert Evans 他话不多, 69 00:04:23,720 --> 00:04:30,700 但是笑口敞开那每当这样的夜晚他就会把一台笨重的 70 00:04:30,700 --> 00:04:34,420 望远镜扛到自家后院的阳台上 71 00:04:35,800 --> 00:04:39,480 然后他做的是一件非常不同寻常的事情 72 00:04:41,770 --> 00:04:48,930 他观察久远的历史找寻正在死亡的恒星 73 00:04:53,920 --> 00:04:57,960 当然,观察久远的历史是这项工作中比较简单的部分。 74 00:04:58,520 --> 00:04:59,820 Glance at the night sky, 75 00:05:00,060 --> 00:05:01,680 and what you see is history, 76 00:05:01,840 --> 00:05:03,920 and lots of it.不管是谁, 77 00:05:04,040 --> 00:05:07,640 只要抬头一看天,你看到的就都是历史, 78 00:05:07,800 --> 00:05:09,120 很多很多的历史。 79 00:05:09,540 --> 00:05:11,700 The stars not as they are now, 80 00:05:11,900 --> 00:05:14,700 but as they were when their light left them. 81 00:05:15,080 --> 00:05:17,200 大家注意观察时态的变化。 82 00:05:17,520 --> 00:05:21,140 你看到的星星并不是星星现在的样子。 83 00:05:21,140 --> 00:05:27,260 Stars not as they are now But as they were 而是他们过去 84 00:05:27,260 --> 00:05:28,640 的样子 They were 85 00:05:28,760 --> 00:05:32,500 这里是太变化了变成过去式了 When their light left 86 00:05:32,500 --> 00:05:35,900 them 当那一束星光离开他们 87 00:05:36,640 --> 00:05:41,220 穿越浩瀚的宇宙空间旅行了几年 88 00:05:41,380 --> 00:05:45,540 几千年甚至几万年才到达我们的眼睛 89 00:05:46,060 --> 00:05:51,020 所以我们现在看到的是几年几千年几万年前的 90 00:05:51,140 --> 00:05:52,800 行不行 For 91 00:05:53,850 --> 00:05:58,130 all we know the North Star our faithful companionmight 92 00:05:58,130 --> 00:06:03,610 actually have burned out last January or in 1854 or at 93 00:06:03,610 --> 00:06:08,030 any time since early 14th century and use of it just 94 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）