第2章 欢迎来到太阳系 Welcome to the Solar System · 第6讲S2

1. 老师，讲稿里提到 'alien' 除了指外星人，还能当形容词用，具体是什么意思呀？能给几个常用的例子吗？
2. 我不太明白 'frightening the daylights out of someone' 这个短语，字面意思是吓出白昼？它到底是怎么表达‘吓死人了’的？
3. 'amuse' 这个词在文中有两种用法，一种是逗别人笑，一种是消遣娱乐，这两者之间有什么具体的区别或联系吗？
4. 作者说外星人去麦田圈或吓人‘不太可能’（unlikely），但紧接着又说存在智慧生命的‘概率很大’（probability is good），这两者矛盾吗？为什么？
5. 文中提到 'Milky Way' 曾被误译为‘牛奶路’，这个翻译笑话的背景是什么？为什么这个词跟‘奶’有关系呢？

1. Teacher, the script mentions that 'alien' can be used as an adjective besides referring to extraterrestrials. What does it mean specifically? Can you give a few common examples?
2. I don't quite understand the phrase 'frightening the daylights out of someone'. Literally, it sounds like scaring away daylight? How exactly does it express being 'scared to death'?
3. The word 'amuse' has two usages in the text: one is making others laugh, and the other is pastime or entertainment. What is the specific difference or connection between these two?
4. The author says it's 'unlikely' for aliens to create crop circles or scare people, but immediately follows up by saying the 'probability is good' that intelligent life exists. Are these two statements contradictory? Why?
5. The text mentions that 'Milky Way' was once mistranslated as 'Milk Road'. What is the background of this translation joke? Why does this term have anything to do with 'milk'?

1 00:00:05,710 --> 00:00:08,070 Space,let me repeat,is enormous. 2 00:00:08,490 --> 00:00:12,190 The average distance between stars out there is 20 3 00:00:12,190 --> 00:00:13,870 million million miles. 4 00:00:14,390 --> 00:00:17,550 Even at speeds approaching those of light, 5 00:00:17,810 --> 00:00:20,170 these are fant asticallyically challenging 6 00:00:20,170 --> 00:00:22,810 distances for any travelling individual. 7 00:00:24,040 --> 00:00:26,380 Speeds approaching those of light, 8 00:00:26,620 --> 00:00:29,560 approach 做动词的时候就是接近, 9 00:00:29,640 --> 00:00:30,220 靠近。 10 00:00:30,220 --> 00:00:34,880 那我们再看 those 是什么呢 those 指代的就是 speeds 11 00:00:34,880 --> 00:00:37,940 the speeds of light 就 12 00:00:38,040 --> 00:00:42,280 算是你旅行的速度是以接近光的速度 13 00:00:42,920 --> 00:00:47,520 是接近光速旅行的 these are still fant astically 14 00:00:47,520 --> 00:00:50,240 challenging distances for any traveling individual 15 00:00:50,240 --> 00:00:55,540 对于任何一个旅行者来讲这都是极大的挑战 fant 16 00:00:55,540 --> 00:00:57,420 astically means extremely Of 17 00:00:58,380 --> 00:00:59,420 course, 18 00:00:59,640 --> 00:01:03,580 it is possible that alien beings travel billions of 19 00:01:03,580 --> 00:01:08,320 miles to amuse themselves by planting crop circles in 20 00:01:08,320 --> 00:01:11,160 Wiltshire or frightening the daylights after some 21 00:01:11,160 --> 00:01:15,040 poor guy in a pick up truck on a lonely road in Arizona. 22 00:01:15,460 --> 00:01:17,800 They must have teenagers after all, 23 00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:20,120 but it does seem unlikely 24 00:01:21,150 --> 00:01:23,230 当然,这也是可能的。 25 00:01:23,830 --> 00:01:26,430 That aliens,alien beings, 26 00:01:26,770 --> 00:01:28,890 我们经常说 human beings, 27 00:01:29,250 --> 00:01:32,810 人类,那么 alien beings 指的就是外星人。 28 00:01:33,030 --> 00:01:36,250 Alien 这个词除了指外星人以外, 29 00:01:36,390 --> 00:01:40,910 还经常可以作为形容词指的是陌生的, 30 00:01:41,790 --> 00:01:45,830 异族的,外国的,比如说 an alien culture, 31 00:01:46,170 --> 00:01:47,490 一个陌生的文化。 32 00:01:47,490 --> 00:01:53,990 Planting crop circles in Wiltshire 在威尔特郡这个地 33 00:01:53,990 --> 00:01:59,270 方印上几个大大的麦田圈 Wiltshire 我们要注意一下 34 00:01:59,270 --> 00:02:01,310 中间这个 shireshire 35 00:02:01,650 --> 00:02:03,610 经常是翻译成郡 36 00:02:03,770 --> 00:02:11,330 郡主的郡是英国相当于我们的一个县吧英国乡村的村 37 00:02:11,330 --> 00:02:12,310 镇的名称 38 00:02:25,270 --> 00:02:31,370 把独自驾车开着一个 pick up truck 就是这个样子的敞 39 00:02:31,370 --> 00:02:32,310 篷的小货车 40 00:02:33,250 --> 00:02:38,090 在偏僻的道路上独自一人开着敞篷小货车的一个可怜 41 00:02:38,090 --> 00:02:42,350 的家伙把他吓得魂都没了 Frightening the daylights 42 00:02:42,350 --> 00:02:45,830 out of someone 就是把人吓得半死 43 00:02:47,550 --> 00:02:52,570 他们这么做是干嘛呢目的是什么呢 To amuse 44 00:02:52,570 --> 00:02:53,150 themselves 45 00:02:53,790 --> 00:02:58,530 amuse 的意思可以从这两个句子里看出来 He made funny 46 00:02:58,530 --> 00:03:03,030 faces to amuse the children To amuse means to make 47 00:03:03,030 --> 00:03:04,990 someone laugh 逗 48 00:03:05,060 --> 00:03:10,960 什么人开心他做鬼脸就是为了逗孩子开心逗他们笑 49 00:03:10,960 --> 00:03:11,920 The 50 00:03:12,140 --> 00:03:16,900 kids amused themselves playing hide and seek 这个时候 51 00:03:16,900 --> 00:03:21,280 amuse 就不是逗笑的意思了而是消遣玩 52 00:03:21,380 --> 00:03:25,880 度过玩耍闲暇的时间所以我们知道的 amuse 53 00:03:25,880 --> 00:03:31,460 themselves 应该是找乐子消遣娱乐的意思整 54 00:03:32,100 --> 00:03:36,900 个句子 Of course it is possible that 当然这也是有可能 55 00:03:36,900 --> 00:03:40,400 的我也不说这不可能吧也 56 00:03:41,610 --> 00:03:49,050 有可能一些外星人为了找点乐子不惜旅行数十亿公里 57 00:03:49,050 --> 00:03:54,830 跑到英国南部的 Wh itshall 的麦田里面硬上一些大大 58 00:03:54,830 --> 00:04:00,450 的麦田圈或者跑到美国亚利桑那州的偏僻道路上把独 59 00:04:00,450 --> 00:04:03,790 自开着小卡车赶路的人吓得半死 60 00:04:04,900 --> 00:04:10,660 But it does seem unlikely 不过这个可能性看起来并不 61 00:04:10,660 --> 00:04:14,400 大 unlikely 是不是非常有可能的意思 62 00:04:15,040 --> 00:04:16,020 好,括号里 63 00:04:19,760 --> 00:04:24,160 一定也是他们的青少年干的他们一定也有青少年不然 64 00:04:24,160 --> 00:04:25,680 谁会有这么个闲心呢 65 00:04:26,770 --> 00:04:30,890 这里大家可以思考一下作者为什么说可能性并不大 66 00:04:38,850 --> 00:04:40,230 St atistic 67 00:04:40,430 --> 00:04:47,130 统计学那么从统计学意义上来说根据统计数据来分析 68 00:04:47,130 --> 00:04:50,770 的话 The probability is good Probability 69 00:04:50,970 --> 00:04:55,010 大家可能知道它的形容词 probable 就是可能那么 70 00:04:55,010 --> 00:05:00,450 probability 它的名词形式意思是概率这概率也还是 71 00:05:00,450 --> 00:05:05,290 有的概率还是挺大的 The probability is good 什么概率 72 00:05:05,290 --> 00:05:08,730 呢 that there are other thinking beings out 73 00:05:08,730 --> 00:05:14,120 therethinking beings 指的是能思考的生命也就是智 74 00:05:14,120 --> 00:05:19,220 慧生命外太空存在智慧生命的概率还是有的还是挺大 75 00:05:19,220 --> 00:05:23,240 的 nobody knows how many stars there are in the Milky Way 76 00:05:23,240 --> 00:05:30,240 Milky Way 就是这个银河现在我们在城市很难能够看到 77 00:05:30,240 --> 00:05:36,500 银河如果到山上去在一个晴朗的夜晚大家一定不要忘 78 00:05:36,500 --> 00:05:43,430 记抬头仰望星空也许你能够看到白白的一条银河这就 79 00:05:43,430 --> 00:05:49,390 是星星最密集的地带我们自己身在银河系中也能够看 80 00:05:49,390 --> 00:05:52,840 到银河觉得是挺神奇的一件事 81 00:05:54,160 --> 00:05:58,540 好了,这个 Milky Way 可不要翻译成牛奶路 82 00:05:59,830 --> 00:06:05,010 30 年代的时候有一位翻译家就吃了这个亏他就把 83 00:06:05,010 --> 00:06:10,650 Milky Way 翻译成了牛奶路后来鲁迅先生还写了一首打 84 00:06:10,650 --> 00:06:12,950 油诗嘲笑他呢不 85 00:06:13,690 --> 00:06:19,670 过他叫 Milky Way 肯定是跟奶有关系的并不是毫无缘由 86 00:06:19,670 --> 00:06:23,790 的有兴趣的话大家可以去查一下 Milky Way 这个名称的 87 00:06:23,790 --> 00:06:29,800 由来是跟希腊神话有关 Estimates range from 100 88 00:06:29,800 --> 00:06:35,730 billion or so to perhaps 400 billion Estimates 这个地 89 00:06:35,730 --> 00:06:41,840 方这个是动词还是名词呢 Estimates 是估计的意思但 90 00:06:41,840 --> 00:06:49,370 是在这儿它是名词指的是估计的数据 Range from 从 91 00:06:49,590 --> 00:06:54,950 什么到什么指的是一个范围 100 billion or so to 92 00:06:54,950 --> 00:07:01,180 perhaps 400 billion Billion 是十亿所以这里就是 1000 93 00:07:01,180 --> 00:07:08,300 亿没有人能够确切地知道到银河里边有多少的恒星估 94 00:07:08,460 --> 00:07:15,160 计呢可能是一千亿到大概四千亿吧 And the Milky Way is 95 00:07:15,160 --> 00:07:22,260 just one of 140 billion or so other galaxiesm any of them 96 00:07:22,260 --> 00:07:24,860 even larger than ours A 97 00:07:26, ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）