第2章 欢迎来到太阳系 Welcome to the Solar System · 第5讲S2

1. 老师，讲稿里说去太阳边缘永远不可能，为什么用 'E VER' 而不是 'NE VER' 啊？
2. 那个 'in a word' 到底该怎么用？是不是只能跟一个词，不能跟一整句话？
3. 这里有两个 'that' 连在一起，它们分别指代的是什么意思？
4. 为什么彗星离太阳那么远，引力那么弱，运行起来还是那么慢？
5. 'perturbation' 和之前学过的 'disturbance' 是一回事吗？有什么区别？

1. Teacher, since it's impossible to reach the edge of the solar system, why do we use 'E VER' instead of 'NE VER'?
2. How exactly should 'in a word' be used? Can it only be followed by a single word, not a whole sentence?
3. There are two 'that's' together here; what do they refer to respectively?
4. Why do comets move so slowly when they are so far from the sun and the gravity is so weak?
5. Are 'perturbation' and the 'disturbance' we learned before the same thing? What's the difference?

1 00:00:18,930 --> 00:00:23,480 根据我们目前了解的状况, 2 00:00:23,620 --> 00:00:26,120 以及我们合理的想象, 3 00:00:26,280 --> 00:00:32,580 不可能有任何的人类能够造访太阳系的边缘, 4 00:00:32,720 --> 00:00:34,080 永远的不可能。 5 00:00:34,080 --> 00:00:40,200 E VER 再次起一个强调的作用永远都不可能那既然是不 6 00:00:40,200 --> 00:00:46,080 可能为什么不用 NE VER 而是 E VER 呢那是因为否定已经 7 00:00:46,080 --> 00:00:49,930 在这儿了所以后面应该是 E VER It 8 00:00:50,600 --> 00:00:52,120 is just too far 9 00:00:52,860 --> 00:00:58,120 As it is Even with the Hubble telescope We can't see even 10 00:00:58,120 --> 00:01:02,380 into the old cloud So we don't actually know that it is 11 00:01:02,380 --> 00:01:07,960 there Hubble telescope is a space telescope that was 12 00:01:07,960 --> 00:01:09,840 launched into space in 1990. 13 00:01:10,920 --> 00:01:14,080 If you want to know what it has done and what amazing 14 00:01:14,080 --> 00:01:15,820 pictures it has taken, 15 00:01:16,040 --> 00:01:18,240 you can watch this BBC documentary, 16 00:01:18,860 --> 00:01:22,060 BBC Hubble,15 years of discovery. 17 00:01:23,650 --> 00:01:25,830 Now,even with the Hubble telescope, 18 00:01:26,010 --> 00:01:29,950 we can't see even into the old cloud.So, 19 00:01:30,070 --> 00:01:33,590 we don't actually know that it is there.我们甚至都不 20 00:01:33,590 --> 00:01:38,830 能确定它是不是真的在那 It's existence is probable 21 00:01:38,830 --> 00:01:44,970 but entirely hypothetical 它的存在是可能的但完全 22 00:01:44,970 --> 00:01:47,250 是一种假说 Hypothetical 23 00:01:47,450 --> 00:01:52,890 名词是 hypothesis means ideas or guesses rather than 24 00:01:52,890 --> 00:01:57,370 facts 也就是我们还没有证明它的存在 Ab 25 00:02:00,670 --> 00:02:04,270 out all that can be said with confidence about the old 26 00:02:04,270 --> 00:02:08,210 cloud is that it starts somewhere beyond Pluto and 27 00:02:08,210 --> 00:02:11,350 stretches some two light years out into the cosmos 28 00:02:12,650 --> 00:02:18,030 比较确定的部分是奥特宁的范围自冥王星外侧的某个 29 00:02:18,030 --> 00:02:23,970 区域开始而后向外太空延伸两光年之远 The 30 00:02:25,160 --> 00:02:28,440 basic unit of measure in the solar system is the 31 00:02:28,440 --> 00:02:32,840 astronomical unit or AUrepresenting the distance 32 00:02:32,840 --> 00:02:36,200 from the sun to the earth Un it of Measure 33 00:02:36,540 --> 00:02:43,020 测量单位在太阳系里距离的基本单位是天文单位 34 00:02:43,020 --> 00:02:45,360 Astronomical Unit 简称 AU 35 00:02:46,190 --> 00:02:52,910 一个 AU 代表的是太阳到地球的距离指的是太阳中心到 36 00:02:52,910 --> 00:02:56,070 地球中心的距离大概就是这么多 37 00:02:57,220 --> 00:02:58,820 150 million kilometers 38 00:02:59,820 --> 00:03:04,220 Pluto is about 40 AUs from us The 39 00:03:04,440 --> 00:03:09,020 heart of the old cloud about fifty thousand 这后面是一 40 00:03:09,020 --> 00:03:10,180 个省略句 41 00:03:10,740 --> 00:03:16,720 把它补充完整应该是这样的 Pluto is about forty AUs 42 00:03:16,720 --> 00:03:20,580 from us And the heart of the old cloud is about fifty 43 00:03:20,580 --> 00:03:23,700 thousand AU from us In 44 00:03:24,500 --> 00:03:26,380 a word,it is remote 45 00:03:27,820 --> 00:03:31,200 简单地说真远啊 In a word 46 00:03:31,340 --> 00:03:36,800 这个虽然看起来不是一个难词但是我特意把它刷红了 47 00:03:36,800 --> 00:03:37,680 主 48 00:03:37,740 --> 00:03:43,460 要是想提醒大家一下 in a word 其实就是指用一个字来 49 00:03:43,460 --> 00:03:48,500 总结一定是一个字像这里 in a word it is remote 50 00:03:49,300 --> 00:03:54,400 这一个字就是 remote 因为我看到很多学生写的作文在 51 00:03:54,400 --> 00:03:59,880 总结的时候常常是 in a word 然后后面写了一大段话他 52 00:03:59,880 --> 00:04:06,840 把 in a word 当成是总而言之总之其实并不是这样的必 53 00:04:06,840 --> 00:04:07,720 须只能一个字 54 00:04:25,090 --> 00:04:32,110 现在我们距离什么都很远已经是孤零零的到达了太阳 55 00:04:32,110 --> 00:04:34,530 系的边缘了 so far out, 56 00:04:34,670 --> 00:04:39,610 so far from our own sun that it's not even the brightest 57 00:04:39,610 --> 00:04:46,050 star in the sky 从冥王星看太阳的时候还记得吗? 58 00:04:46,090 --> 00:04:51,710 太阳还是一个 bright star in the sky 还是天空中一个明 59 00:04:51,710 --> 00:04:57,050 亮的星星现在从奥尔特云看过去太阳甚至都已经不是 60 00:04:57,050 --> 00:05:00,190 天空中最亮的星星了 It 61 00:05:02,080 --> 00:05:07,320 is a remarkable thought that that distant tiny twinkle 62 00:05:07,320 --> 00:05:11,660 has enough gravity to hold all these comets in 63 00:05:11,660 --> 00:05:16,080 orbitremarkable means unusual or special 64 00:05:16,700 --> 00:05:21,560 现在关注的是两个 that 怎么会有两个 that 摆在一起呢 65 00:05:21,560 --> 00:05:25,580 能不能想一想理清楚它们之间的关系其实 66 00:05:26,160 --> 00:05:32,720 第一个 that 级别要更大一些作用也更重要一些 it is a 67 00:05:32,720 --> 00:05:36,880 remarkable thought that 这里的主语是 it 68 00:05:37,610 --> 00:05:43,950 而 it 真正指的是什么呢就是 that 后面的一整个句子这 69 00:05:43,950 --> 00:05:47,370 后面的句子才是真正的主语也 70 00:05:47,530 --> 00:05:52,970 就是后面的这个东西这东西想起来这个现象想起来真 71 00:05:52,970 --> 00:05:56,310 是不可思议真是有点神奇啊 72 00:05:56,970 --> 00:06:01,950 而现在这个 that 这个 that 级别比较低它仅仅属于 73 00:06:01,950 --> 00:06:05,110 distant tiny twinkle 是 74 00:06:05,140 --> 00:06:11,920 一个代词表示那个那个遥远的小小的光点指的就是刚 75 00:06:11,920 --> 00:06:17,460 才说的太阳它甚至不是 the brightest star in the sky 那 76 00:06:17,460 --> 00:06:22,320 这个 twinkle 指的就是闪烁的星光就是那太阳发出的 77 00:06:22,320 --> 00:06:24,980 那种点点星光就 78 00:06:26,010 --> 00:06:30,930 这么一个遥远的光点它有 enough gravity 它有足够的 79 00:06:30,930 --> 00:06:37,050 重力足够的引力能够 hold all these comets in orbit 能 80 00:06:37,050 --> 00:06:43,490 够拉住所有的彗星让它们乖乖地待在自己的轨道上这 81 00:06:43,490 --> 00:06:47,590 想起来确实是有点神奇离得那么远 82 00:06:48,170 --> 00:06:53,630 竟然还有足够的引力把这些彗星都拢在这个轨道上 It 83 00:06:54,040 --> 00:06:56,180 is not a very strong bond 84 00:06:56,860 --> 00:07:00,680 This is the third time we have come across this word Bond 85 00:07:00,680 --> 00:07:05,580 The first time in the word boundless 第一次见到这个词 86 00:07:05,580 --> 00:07:10,480 是 boundless 就是无边无营的当时告诉大家 bound 是界 87 00:07:10,480 --> 00:07:15,480 限的意思第二次见到它呢是 bonding Bonding would be 88 00:07:15,480 --> 00:07:21,560 prolific 指的是和聚变这种聚合作用将会是非常的活 89 00:07:21,560 --> 00:07:26,380 跃而现在这个 bound means a force that pulls things 90 00:07:26,380 --> 00:07:27,060 together 91 00:07:29,510 --> 00:07:34,590 事物拉拢在一起的这种力这里的这个 bond 其实就是刚 92 00:07:34,590 --> 00:07:35,530 才说的 gravity 93 00:07:36,590 --> 00:07:39,6 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）