第2章 欢迎来到太阳系 Welcome to the Solar System · 第4讲S3

1. 老师，讲稿里说 'Pluto would still be over 35 feet away'，这里为什么用 'would' 而不是 'will' 啊？这跟前面那个 'shrank' 有啥关系吗？
2. 我想确认一下，'no bigger than a molecule' 是说冥王星比分子还小，还是说它只有分子那么大？这俩意思好像不太一样。
3. 从地球上看太阳是 'dear, warm, life giving'，但从冥王星看它就 'merely a bright star' 了。除了距离远，还有啥原因导致这种观感上的巨大差异吗？
4. 文中提到 'Pluto's Moon' 用的是单数，作者是不是觉得冥王星只有一颗卫星？那后来发现的其他四颗卫星是咋回事？
5. 最后总结说 'Space is extremely well needed'（这里应该是讲稿口误，实际想表达太空很空），既然太空这么空，为啥彗星还会 'drift in a stately manner'（缓慢漂移）呢？

1. Why does the text use 'would' in 'Pluto would still be over 35 feet away' instead of 'will'? How does this relate to the past tense 'shrank' used earlier?
2. Does 'no bigger than a molecule' mean Pluto is smaller than a molecule, or just that it is as small as one? What's the exact difference in meaning?
3. The sun is described as 'dear, warm, life giving' from Earth but 'merely a bright star' from Pluto. Besides the distance, what else causes this huge difference in perception?
4. The text uses the singular 'Pluto's Moon'. Does the author think Pluto only has one moon? What happened to the other four moons discovered later?
5. Since space is described as 'extremely empty' (well needed), why do comets still 'drift in a stately manner' (move slowly)?

1 00:00:06,130 --> 00:00:08,430 On the same scale,proxim a century, 2 00:00:08,770 --> 00:00:11,650 our nearest star would be almost 10, 3 00:00:11,810 --> 00:00:14,830 000 miles away.按这样的比例的话, 4 00:00:15,050 --> 00:00:19,170 半人马座的比邻星,也就是离我们最近的恒星, 5 00:00:19,820 --> 00:00:23,670 离我们还会有几万英里远。 6 00:00:23,970 --> 00:00:27,710 Even if you shrank down everything so that Jupiter was 7 00:00:27,710 --> 00:00:30,790 as small as the period at the end of this sentence, 8 00:00:31,110 --> 00:00:33,790 and Pluto was no bigger than a molecule, 9 00:00:40,160 --> 00:00:45,620 我们在第一课学过 shrinkshrink 是它的原型 shrink 是 10 00:00:45,620 --> 00:00:46,580 过去式 11 00:00:47,630 --> 00:00:53,680 就算是你把所有的东西都缩小了缩小到什么程度呢 12 00:00:59,320 --> 00:01:05,620 缩小到木星这个巨无霸也只有像在这个句子末尾的句 13 00:01:05,620 --> 00:01:10,640 号那么点大小 period 就是句号 and 14 00:01:11,280 --> 00:01:16,080 Pluto was no bigger than a molecule 而冥王星这个小东 15 00:01:16,080 --> 00:01:19,260 西呢仅仅就是一个分子那么大 16 00:01:19,990 --> 00:01:26,560 no bigger than 意思是 only as big as 仅仅是一个分子那 17 00:01:26,560 --> 00:01:31,430 么大并不是说要比分子小 Pluto would still be over 35 18 00:01:31,430 --> 00:01:37,690 feet away 就算是这样的话冥王星也还是要距离 35 英尺 19 00:01:37,690 --> 00:01:38,050 远 20 00:01:39,210 --> 00:01:44,310 那还是没有可能把它画在同一张纸上现在回头来看这 21 00:01:44,310 --> 00:01:48,590 个 shrink 为什么要用过去式 shrink 它 22 00:01:48,750 --> 00:01:50,830 是发生在过去的事情吗 23 00:01:51,560 --> 00:01:57,260 肯定不是的这是假设他说就算是你把所有的东西都缩 24 00:01:57,260 --> 00:02:03,380 小了但这种假设是不可能发生的是虚拟的所以这里用 25 00:02:03,380 --> 00:02:04,800 的是虚拟语气 26 00:02:05,300 --> 00:02:11,420 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气它的特点就是 if 引导的条 27 00:02:11,420 --> 00:02:15,100 件句里头它的谓语要用一般过去时 28 00:02:15,860 --> 00:02:17,920 shrank was 29 00:02:18,500 --> 00:02:19,600 这里还是 was 30 00:02:20,120 --> 00:02:25,760 主句在这后面 Pluto would still be over 35 feet away 主 31 00:02:25,760 --> 00:02:29,080 句的谓语呢是 would 加动词原形 32 00:02:30,230 --> 00:02:35,830 好现在再来看 molecule 分子分子是什么 Look 33 00:02:37,080 --> 00:02:41,300 at this illustration Water molecule A 34 00:02:41,360 --> 00:02:45,940 water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one 35 00:02:45,940 --> 00:02:48,140 oxygen atom 这是 36 00:02:48,590 --> 00:02:55,950 水分子的结构图水分子是由两个氢原子加上一个氧原 37 00:02:55,950 --> 00:02:59,950 子构成的分子是写出来是这样的 H2 O 38 00:03:01,050 --> 00:03:06,310 到目前为止这个按这个分子来说的话这还是水 39 00:03:07,340 --> 00:03:11,340 但这已经不能再继续往下分了再往下分 40 00:03:11,900 --> 00:03:13,580 变成一个氢原子 41 00:03:14,360 --> 00:03:20,200 那就不是水了氧原子这也不是水了所以分子指的是物 42 00:03:20,200 --> 00:03:26,060 质中能独立存在的相对稳定并保持该物质特性的最小 43 00:03:26,060 --> 00:03:26,640 的单元 44 00:03:28,040 --> 00:03:33,060 至于原子是什么样的如果你已经忘记了就去复习第一 45 00:03:33,060 --> 00:03:33,620 课吧 46 00:03:51,970 --> 00:03:52,470 等 47 00:03:53,460 --> 00:03:59,070 我们到达冥王星的时候我们离太阳已经很远了远到什 48 00:03:59,070 --> 00:04:05,440 么程度呢派羊就会缩小到一个大头针的针头那么大 49 00:04:05,440 --> 00:04:06,700 shrunk 50 00:04:07,500 --> 00:04:14,340 就是之前看到过的 shrinkshrunk 的过去分词这一组连 51 00:04:14,340 --> 00:04:19,120 起来是这样这是原型 shrink 缩小 shrunk 过去式这是过 52 00:04:19,120 --> 00:04:19,760 去分词 53 00:04:20,820 --> 00:04:27,200 好了 pinheadpin 就是大头针 pinhead 大头针的针头 54 00:04:28,270 --> 00:04:31,110 only as big as this or maybe these 55 00:04:33,530 --> 00:04:34,030 我们 56 00:04:34,120 --> 00:04:39,880 刚才把中间的这个破折号的部分都丢掉了因为句子的 57 00:04:39,880 --> 00:04:45,520 主干是这里 We have come so far that the sun has shrunk to 58 00:04:45,520 --> 00:04:50,520 the size of a pinhead 现在再把破折号里边具体来解释 59 00:04:50,520 --> 00:04:54,240 具体说明 sun the sun 的这个成分再加进去 60 00:04:55,300 --> 00:04:58,940 那是我们亲爱的太阳它那么温暖 61 00:05:08,030 --> 00:05:13,910 也就是晒太阳晒了比较长时间以后你的皮肤就变黑了 62 00:05:13,910 --> 00:05:16,910 那种黑色我们中国人说的黑色 63 00:05:17,730 --> 00:05:21,610 当然其实就是棕色了好我们现在看 dear, 64 00:05:21,790 --> 00:05:22,370 warm, 65 00:05:22,590 --> 00:05:28,430 life giving 这三个明显就是褒义词而 skin tanning 它 66 00:05:28,430 --> 00:05:34,090 算不算是褒义的呢可能中国人不太喜欢觉得太阳会把 67 00:05:34,090 --> 00:05:39,570 皮肤晒黑这又不好但是很多的白人他不喜欢那么白的 68 00:05:39,570 --> 00:05:42,770 皮肤他反而是喜欢这种有一点 tan 69 00:05:43,290 --> 00:05:48,250 so they even go to the beach to get tanned 故意去把自己 70 00:05:48,250 --> 00:05:54,470 晒黑但是呢因为暴露在阳光下对皮肤是有损伤的比较 71 00:05:54,470 --> 00:06:00,190 容易得那个皮肤癌所以呢他们选择了很多人就选择了 72 00:06:00,190 --> 00:06:01,530 一种喷雾 73 00:06:02,190 --> 00:06:03,230 Tenning spray 74 00:06:04,440 --> 00:06:09,620 可以把皮肤就是喷一下然后就造成皮肤晒黑的这样的 75 00:06:09,620 --> 00:06:11,860 效果这张图就是我从一个 76 00:06:12,780 --> 00:06:17,260 Tenning spray 的广告里面截出来的我们可以看一下这 77 00:06:17,260 --> 00:06:17,760 就是 Ten 78 00:06:19,850 --> 00:06:24,430 It is little more than a bright starlittle more 79 00:06:24,430 --> 00:06:25,550 thanlittle 80 00:06:25,710 --> 00:06:31,130 几乎就没有几乎就是 no 所以 little more than 基本上等 81 00:06:31,130 --> 00:06:36,710 于 no more than 相当于 merely only it is merely a bright 82 00:06:36,710 --> 00:06:38,150 star 从 83 00:06:38,400 --> 00:06:43,620 冥王星看太阳跟从地球看太阳可不一样从地球看太阳 84 00:06:43,620 --> 00:06:47,540 那是我们的 dear warm skinturning life giving sun 但是 85 00:06:47,540 --> 00:06:53,960 从冥王星看呢它就像是夜晚空中的一颗比较亮的星星 86 00:06:53,960 --> 00:06:55,900 而已那样 In 87 00:06:56,030 --> 00:07:00,250 such a lonely void you can begin to understand how even 88 00:07:00,250 --> 00:07:04,450 the most significant objects Pluto's moon for example 89 00:07:04,450 --> 00:07:06,150 have escaped attention 90 00:07:07,250 --> 00:07:12,570 在这样的寂静无声的一片虚空之中你就 91 00:07:12,660 --> 00:07:19,800 能够理解为什么即便是像冥王星的卫星这么重要的物 92 00:07:19,800 --> 00:07:26,220 体也会逃脱我们的注意也会不被我们注意到而 93 00:07:27,150 --> 00:07:29,090 现在我们看一下 Pluto's Moon 94 00:07:29,710 --> 00:07:36,230 大家从这个文本上来分析你觉得冥王星有几颗卫星呢 95 00:07:36,230 --> 00:07:37,110 从 96 00:07:38,490 --> 00:07:43,470 这个文本上来看的话冥王星只有一颗卫星因为如果不 97 00:07:43,470 --> 00:07:48,810 止一颗它就要把这个卫星的名字说出来或者说 One of 98 00:07:48,810 --> 00:07:49,830 Pluto's Moons 99 00:07:50,370 --> 00:07:55,330 或者直接就是 Pluto's moons 用复数但是在这儿 100 00:07:56,100 --> 00:07:59,600 这样写的话就说明冥王星只有一颗卫星 101 00:08:21,860 --> 00:08:27,660 所以另外的四颗卫星是在作者写这本书之后才被发现 102 00:08:27,660 --> 00:08:31,000 的所以他写书的时候确实是只有一颗卫星 103 00:08:32,980 --> 00:08:35,560 The ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）