第2章 欢迎来到太阳系 Welcome to the Solar System · 第3讲S4

1. 老师，讲稿里说Voyager 1只去了木星和土星，那为什么原文里用'them'指代它们就不准确了呢？这里'them'具体是指代谁呀？
2. 视频里用'拽了一下'来解释引力助推，这个动作具体是怎么让飞船速度变快、轨道发生改变的？能再详细讲讲这个过程吗？
3. 文中提到Voyager 2去天王星只要9年，而正常情况要30年，这中间'引力助推'到底帮我们省了多少时间？原理是什么？
4. 为什么讲稿里说'返回的时候要花的时间更多'？从物理或者轨道设计的角度，你能帮我分析几种可能的原因吗？
5. 最后问'在冥王星上看太阳是什么样子的'，既然我们人不能去，那科学家们是通过什么方式或者数据推测出这个景象的呢？

1. Teacher, the script says Voyager 1 only visited Jupiter and Saturn, so why is it inaccurate to use 'them' there? Who exactly does 'them' refer to in this context?
2. The video uses the phrase 'pulled a bit' to explain gravity assist. How exactly does this action increase the spacecraft's speed and change its trajectory? Can you explain the process in more detail?
3. The text mentions that Voyager 2 took only 9 years to reach Uranus, whereas the normal journey would take 30 years. How much time did 'gravity assist' save, and what is the underlying principle?
4. Why does the script state that 'the return journey would take more time'? Can you analyze a few possible reasons from the perspective of physics or orbital design?
5. The final question asks 'what the sun would look like from Pluto.' Since humans cannot go there, how do scientists infer or simulate this view using data or other methods?

1 00:00:05,360 --> 00:00:07,480 Voyager 1 only 2 00:00:08,340 --> 00:00:10,740 went past Jupiter and Saturn. 3 00:00:11,040 --> 00:00:13,680 It did not visit Uran us and Neptune. 4 00:00:14,780 --> 00:00:20,580 So,them is not exactly correct.严格的来说, 5 00:00:20,740 --> 00:00:26,240 them 说的并不准确,应该把它改成 Voyager 2.Even so, 6 00:00:26,540 --> 00:00:29,980 it took Voyager 2 nine years to reach Uran us, 7 00:00:30,060 --> 00:00:32,420 and a dozen to cross the orbit of Pluto. 8 00:00:33,310 --> 00:00:38,170 还有刚才大家对引力助推这个概念可能还不了解我们 9 00:00:38,170 --> 00:00:41,830 来观看一段录像听一下录像里的解释吧 10 00:01:35,150 --> 00:01:39,250 可能大家看了刚才的视频介绍还是不明白什么叫引力 11 00:01:39,250 --> 00:01:39,650 助推 12 00:01:40,110 --> 00:01:45,950 首先呢要先理解什么是引力宇宙中所有有质量的物体 13 00:01:45,950 --> 00:01:50,230 所谓的质量现在如果大家不太理解的话你就把它想成 14 00:01:50,230 --> 00:01:53,750 重量吧我们以后还会再提到质量这个概念 15 00:01:54,720 --> 00:01:59,760 宇宙中所有有质量的两个物体之间都有引力都会相互 16 00:01:59,760 --> 00:02:05,600 吸引如果这个质量非常大它的引力就会特别大那我们 17 00:02:05,600 --> 00:02:12,513 的旅行者一号二号在飞过木星木土天海这四颗行星的 18 00:02:12,513 --> 00:02:17,940 时候会被这四颗行星强大的引力被它影响 19 00:02:18,800 --> 00:02:23,780 比如说木星它是个大胖子它的引力就非常强大你从它 20 00:02:23,780 --> 00:02:28,200 身边过的时候它就把你拽了一下虽然我们没有碰到它 21 00:02:28,200 --> 00:02:31,600 只是从它身边过但是它就能把你拽一下 22 00:02:32,310 --> 00:02:33,410 那拽一下 23 00:02:34,310 --> 00:02:38,330 可是它的引力又没有大到那个程度而且我们的旅行者 24 00:02:38,330 --> 00:02:43,530 本身速度也是很快的所以虽然被它拽了一下但并没有 25 00:02:43,530 --> 00:02:45,790 被它拽到木星上去了 26 00:02:46,370 --> 00:02:51,850 旅行者一号二号还是继续飞行可是速度就发生变化了 27 00:02:51,850 --> 00:02:56,610 速度就快了因为被他拽了一把而且轨道可能也会发生 28 00:02:56,610 --> 00:02:59,770 变化就像我们这里图上所表示的这样 29 00:03:01,450 --> 00:03:06,530 所以呢是木星给了他一边把他甩到了土星 30 00:03:07,010 --> 00:03:12,170 经过土星的时候土星引力也非常大又给了他一边把他 31 00:03:12,170 --> 00:03:19,230 甩到了天王星就这样所以节省了很多的时间总共只要 32 00:03:19,230 --> 00:03:24,540 9 年时间就可以到达天王星的边缘而正常情况下就如 33 00:03:24,540 --> 00:03:27,750 果没有遇到这么好的时机的话要 30 年 34 00:03:59,830 --> 00:04:00,310 好 35 00:04:01,140 --> 00:04:06,380 先前说了坏消息现在是好消息好消息是什么呢那就是 36 00:04:06,380 --> 00:04:12,100 如果我们耐心地等到 2006 年的 1 月当然因为这本书是 37 00:04:12,100 --> 00:04:17,380 2004 年出版的那现在我们早就已经过了 2006 年 1 月了 38 00:04:17,380 --> 00:04:21,060 这个时间早就已经过去了在这个时候呢 which 39 00:04:21,310 --> 00:04:25,950 is when NASA's New Horizons spacecraft is tentatively 40 00:04:25,950 --> 00:04:30,750 scheduled to depart for Pluto N AS A is 41 00:04:30,910 --> 00:04:33,670 short for National Aeronautics and Space 42 00:04:33,670 --> 00:04:34,170 Administration 43 00:04:34,750 --> 00:04:40,620 是美国的国家航空航天局它的新视野号这又是它的另 44 00:04:40,620 --> 00:04:45,970 外一个航天器有的地方翻译作新地平线因为 45 00:04:46,840 --> 00:04:50,800 H orizon 这个词本身就是就是低频线隐身意也可以指 46 00:04:50,800 --> 00:04:51,420 视野 47 00:04:52,020 --> 00:04:58,060 它的新视野号航天器 Is scheduled to depart for Pluto 48 00:04:58,060 --> 00:05:05,400 Is scheduled 是指按计划将要在这个时候前往 Pluto 这 49 00:05:05,400 --> 00:05:05,940 是 50 00:05:06,260 --> 00:05:10,180 计划的那这个 Tentatively Tentative means not 51 00:05:10,180 --> 00:05:13,140 definite,not certain May 52 00:05:13,750 --> 00:05:14,870 be changed later 53 00:05:15,710 --> 00:05:23,310 试探性的暂定暂时定的也就是在作者写书的这个时候 54 00:05:23,310 --> 00:05:30,550 这个时间还不确定只是暂时定在 2006 年的 1 月要前往 55 00:05:30,550 --> 00:05:38,060 Pluto 明王星 Depart means to leave To leave Earth for 56 00:05:38,060 --> 00:05:39,880 Pluto 这个 57 00:05:40,200 --> 00:05:45,020 for 就表示他要去的这个目的地 To depart for Pluto 相 58 00:05:45,020 --> 00:05:48,200 当于是 to leave for Pluto 好 59 00:05:48,490 --> 00:05:51,590 到这个时候呢 We can take advantage of favorable 60 00:05:51,590 --> 00:05:53,110 Jovian positioning 61 00:05:54,620 --> 00:05:59,780 Jovian positioning 这里的 Jovian 就是 J upiter 木星的 62 00:05:59,780 --> 00:06:05,740 形容词比如说 Jovian storms 木星风暴木星上是会有风 63 00:06:05,740 --> 00:06:11,940 暴的 Jovian day 那就是木星自转一天自转一周的时间 64 00:06:11,940 --> 00:06:17,640 就是木星上的一天每一个行星上的一天长度是不同的 65 00:06:18,500 --> 00:06:25,420 Martian 那就是 Mars 火星的那个形容词 Uranian 是天王 66 00:06:25,420 --> 00:06:29,700 星 Neptunian 是 Neptune 海王星的这个形容词 67 00:06:30,760 --> 00:06:37,020 好了这里说我们可以 take advantage of 可以利用木 68 00:06:37,620 --> 00:06:43,520 星的有利位置利用木星的位置做什么呢也是引力助推 69 00:06:43,520 --> 00:06:48,980 在经过木星的时候被木星狠狠地拽了一把甩出去那么 70 00:06:48,980 --> 00:06:52,420 我们的新事业号就节省了四年的时间 71 00:06:55,650 --> 00:07:03,190 再加上技术的一些进步这个 advance 是名词复数的形 72 00:07:03,190 --> 00:07:03,510 式 73 00:07:19,990 --> 00:07:26,440 虽然返航的时候恐怕要更多的时间要花更长的时间 74 00:07:27,950 --> 00:07:33,030 至于为什么返回的时候要花的时间更多大家可以自己 75 00:07:33,030 --> 00:07:36,830 思考一下看看能提出几种假设 76 00:07:37,970 --> 00:07:44,290 其实呢新视野号去年也就是 2015 年就已经拍到了很多 77 00:07:44,290 --> 00:07:49,630 冥王星的图片了包括我们刚才看到的有爱心斑块的那 78 00:07:49,630 --> 00:07:56,340 个冥王星的图片那他也是不打算返航的是要一直到那 79 00:07:56,340 --> 00:07:58,290 个太阳系以外去的 80 00:07:59,320 --> 00:08:03,740 好了 at all events it's going to be a long trip at all 81 00:08:03,740 --> 00:08:09,680 events means in any case 不管怎么样反正就是要花好长 82 00:08:09,680 --> 00:08:12,980 时间这是漫长的旅途 Now 83 00:08:14,170 --> 00:08:17,450 it's time to make a summary of what we have covered today 84 00:08:17,450 --> 00:08:22,190 Can you use four adjectives to describe Pluto? 85 00:08:24,220 --> 00:08:25,940 And our 86 00:08:26,670 --> 00:08:29,990 previous question Is it possible to travel to Pluto? 87 00:08:30,310 --> 00:08:33,250 I'm sure you've got the answer now Yes, 88 00:08:33,310 --> 00:08:37,330 it is possible Although we ourselves cannot travel to 89 00:08:37,330 --> 00:08:41,370 Pluto But our spacecrafts can And 90 00:08:43,290 --> 00:08:47,450 our question for the next session is What would the sun 91 00:08:47,450 --> 00:08:49,650 look like if you were on Pluto? 92 00:08:50,720 --> 00:08:57,020 假如我们能够到冥王星上去从那儿看太阳太阳又是什 93 00:08:57,020 --> 00:08:58,520 么样的呢 Alright, 94 00:08:59,200 --> 00:09:01,260 see you next time Bye bye