第2章 欢迎来到太阳系 Welcome to the Solar System · 第2讲

1. 老师，讲稿里提到 Lowell 坚信海王星外有颗行星，但他看到的轨道异常其实后来被证明是错的。为什么大家还会觉得他的发现是个 'miraculous'（奇迹）呢？这里的 'miraculous' 和 'striking' 有啥区别呀？
2. 我有点搞混 convincing 和 convinced。讲稿说 'Their argument was not very convincing'，那如果我是一个被说服的人，我应该用哪个词？能多举几个像 'conviction' 这样的词族例子吗？
3. Clyde Tombaugh 没受过正规训练却发现了冥王星，而 Lowell 花了十几年却没找到。讲稿里用 'diligent' 形容 Tombaugh，这和之前学过的 'industrious' 是一回事吗？Tombaugh 靠的是什么特质成功的？
4. 为什么冥王星最终被命名为 'Pluto'？讲稿里说这跟 Lowell 的名字缩写有关，还提到了 'monogram'（首字母缩写）。这跟后来冥王星被降级为矮行星的尴尬处境有啥联系吗？
5. 讲稿最后提到了 'posthumous'（死后的），比如 posthumous award。这个词里的 'post-' 是表示 '之后' 的意思吗？那 'postgraduate'（研究生）里的 post- 也是这个意思吗？能总结一下这类前缀的用法吗？

1. The transcript mentions that Lowell's observations proving the existence of a planet beyond Neptune were actually 'comprehensively erroneous,' yet his discovery is called 'miraculous.' Why is it considered a miracle if the basis was wrong? Also, what's the difference between 'miraculous' and 'striking' here?
2. I'm confused about 'convincing' vs. 'convinced.' The text says 'Their argument was not very convincing.' If I am the one who has been persuaded, which word should I use? Can you give more examples of this word family, like 'conviction'?
3. Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto without formal training, while Lowell spent decades failing. The text describes Tombaugh as 'diligent.' Is this the same as 'industrious'? What specific traits helped Tombaugh succeed where Lowell didn't?
4. Why was the new planet named 'Pluto'? The transcript mentions it relates to Lowell's initials and a 'monogram.' Does this naming choice have any connection to the later embarrassment of Pluto being downgraded to a dwarf planet?
5. The transcript mentions 'posthumous' (e.g., posthumous award) and explains that 'post-' means 'after.' Does 'postgraduate' use the same prefix? Can you summarize the usage of the prefix 'post-' with more examples?

1 00:00:11,220 --> 00:00:14,140 Hello,everybody.It's a pleasure to see you again. 2 00:00:15,120 --> 00:00:17,920 We'll continue to explore the mystery of the solar 3 00:00:17,920 --> 00:00:18,280 system. 4 00:00:19,390 --> 00:00:20,110 Previously, 5 00:00:20,190 --> 00:00:23,050 we read about Christie's discovery of Pluto's moon. 6 00:00:23,390 --> 00:00:25,670 Astronomers,for the first time, 7 00:00:25,810 --> 00:00:28,270 realized that Pluto was so small. 8 00:00:28,810 --> 00:00:30,150 It was a bit embarrassing. 9 00:00:30,550 --> 00:00:33,910 Could something so small be counted as a planet? 10 00:00:34,920 --> 00:00:40,320 一个很好的触碰是在同一个城市里, 11 00:00:40,320 --> 00:00:42,020 Pluto 的月星被发现。 12 00:00:43,740 --> 00:00:49,120 而 Pluto 的发现大致来自 Percival Lowell 的证据。 13 00:00:49,300 --> 00:00:52,320 但 Lowell 真的发现了 Pluto 吗? 14 00:00:53,500 --> 00:00:55,240 实际上,Lowell 15 00:00:55,380 --> 00:01:02,500 记录了他相信马斯是被工业工人建造的坑洞, 16 00:01:02,480 --> 00:01:07,240 但他的其他信仰,要说到另一边来说, 17 00:01:08,980 --> 00:01:11,340 罗尔的其他遵守信仰是, 18 00:01:11,740 --> 00:01:17,800 那里存在不知不觉的第九个星球, 19 00:01:17,940 --> 00:01:19,660 被称为 X 星球。 20 00:01:20,080 --> 00:01:22,840 遵守信仰意味着长期、永恒。 21 00:01:23,300 --> 00:01:25,900 信仰意味着强烈的信仰。 22 00:01:26,000 --> 00:01:27,320 动词是确定。 23 00:01:27,740 --> 00:01:32,760 意味着让某人同意、理解或证明某人。 24 00:01:32,760 --> 00:01:33,720 The 25 00:01:34,080 --> 00:01:37,760 officials were eager to convince us of the safety of the 26 00:01:37,760 --> 00:01:39,060 nuclear reactors 27 00:01:39,670 --> 00:01:43,990 这些官员急于让我们相信核反应堆是安全的 28 00:01:43,990 --> 00:01:49,050 Convincing 和 convinced 都是形容词但是意思不同我 29 00:01:49,050 --> 00:01:56,400 们可以从刚才的这句接下去说 Their argument was not 30 00:01:56,400 --> 00:01:57,080 very convincing 31 00:01:57,660 --> 00:02:03,860 但是他们的说法并不很有说服力并不是很让人信服 so 32 00:02:03,860 --> 00:02:06,100 we were not convinced 33 00:02:06,720 --> 00:02:12,000 所以呢我们就不太相信 convincing 指的是让人幸福的 34 00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:14,980 有说服力的 convinced 就是 35 00:02:15,010 --> 00:02:21,100 相信的这形容词 conviction 就是刚才说的名词了 a 36 00:02:21,100 --> 00:02:25,780 strong belief 坚定的信念不变的信念 abiding 37 00:02:25,780 --> 00:02:28,540 conviction 不变的信念所以 38 00:02:30,110 --> 00:02:36,010 Lowell 的另外一个不变的信念就是他坚持认为海王星 39 00:02:36,010 --> 00:02:42,020 轨道的外围 somewhere out beyond Neptune Neptune is 40 00:02:42,020 --> 00:02:45,960 the Roman god of the sea 海洋之神 Planets in the solar 41 00:02:45,960 --> 00:02:51,040 system are named after gods Neptune 就是海王星他 42 00:02:51,070 --> 00:02:55,130 认为海王星的外围还有一颗 undiscovered ninth 43 00:02:55,130 --> 00:03:00,830 planetdubbed planet Xdubbed means named 他就把这颗 44 00:03:00,830 --> 00:03:02,950 没有被发现的第九颗行星 45 00:03:24,460 --> 00:03:29,440 他的信念是基于建立在什么基础上呢? 46 00:03:36,700 --> 00:03:37,280 是 47 00:03:37,530 --> 00:03:44,430 它在天王星和海王星的轨道上发现了一些不正常的现 48 00:03:44,430 --> 00:03:48,600 象 Irregularities Irregularity 我们要看到 49 00:03:49,240 --> 00:03:56,810 Regular 这个部分 Regular 是正常的合理的符合规律的 50 00:03:56,810 --> 00:04:01,590 Irregular 就是它的反义词异常的这个句子翻译的时 51 00:04:01,590 --> 00:04:06,980 候可以把 Irregularities 这个名词翻译成形容词那就 52 00:04:06,980 --> 00:04:12,650 是 Lowell 他这个信念的基础就是他发现天 53 00:04:12,970 --> 00:04:18,210 王星和海王星的运行轨道有些异常可以把它处理成形 54 00:04:18,210 --> 00:04:23,700 容词这个 Uran us 就是天王星 The great god of the sky 55 00:04:24,260 --> 00:04:25,400 天空之神 56 00:04:26,260 --> 00:04:28,800 And devoted the last years of his life 57 00:04:31,180 --> 00:04:35,780 他生命的最后几年 58 00:04:36,400 --> 00:04:39,540 全部都是奉献给了这 59 00:04:39,790 --> 00:04:45,930 项事业那就是企图要找到他相信一定存在的那个气态 60 00:04:45,930 --> 00:04:50,670 的巨星 G as 是气体 G as 是形容词 61 00:05:12,860 --> 00:05:21,350 这就是他认为一定存在但当时还没有被发现的海王星 62 00:05:43,390 --> 00:05:52,270 也就是他搜索 X 行星的工作可能是太累太辛苦了耗费 63 00:05:52,270 --> 00:05:54,390 了他大量的精力一 64 00:05:54,840 --> 00:05:58,260 部分他突然死亡一部分原因可能就是这个 65 00:05:58,820 --> 00:06:02,500 and the search fell into abeyanceabeyance is the 66 00:06:02,500 --> 00:06:07,210 condition of being set aside or suspended 就是一个事 67 00:06:07,210 --> 00:06:13,620 情一个工作暂停暂时搁置起来了 fell into abeyance 为 68 00:06:13,620 --> 00:06:19,100 什么暂时搁置了呢一个是他去世了还有他的 heirs 继 69 00:06:19,100 --> 00:06:23,830 承人继承他遗产的这些继承人可能是他的子女也有可 70 00:06:23,830 --> 00:06:29,200 能是其他的亲属有继承权的人注意他的发音 H 是不发 71 00:06:29,200 --> 00:06:32,880 音的 Squabbled over his estate Squabbled means 72 00:06:32,880 --> 00:06:39,280 quarreled 争吵不休 Estate 可以指房地产 A 73 00:06:39,410 --> 00:06:40,050 housing development 74 00:06:40,770 --> 00:06:45,730 也可以是遗产在这个句子里面应该就是遗产的意思 75 00:06:45,730 --> 00:06:48,200 However, 76 00:06:48,260 --> 00:06:54,420 in 1929 Partly as a way ofdeflecting attention 从马斯 77 00:06:54,420 --> 00:06:59,040 肯尼尔斯斯达戈这件事到现在已经变成了很严重的尴 78 00:06:59,040 --> 00:07:06,820 尬罗欧观察局长们决定继续搜索到此结果他们聘用了 79 00:07:06,820 --> 00:07:10,240 一位年轻人来自堪萨斯名叫克莱特托姆 80 00:07:12,430 --> 00:07:17,890 作为一种反映注意力为了转移公众的注意力因为 81 00:07:18,340 --> 00:07:24,220 之前我们说过罗欧算是闹了一个笑话他以为火星上有 82 00:07:24,220 --> 00:07:30,100 运河而且这件事情他一做他观测了 15 年这个事情持续 83 00:07:30,100 --> 00:07:34,580 的时间很长他还出版了很多书所以这个就算是一个 84 00:07:34,580 --> 00:07:41,100 Saga Saga 本来是古代冰岛的一种叙事散文主要就是描 85 00:07:41,100 --> 00:07:44,360 述首先在冰岛拓 86 00:07:44,460 --> 00:07:50,940 荒定居的这些家族故事还有早期日耳曼神英雄的传说 87 00:07:50,940 --> 00:07:55,740 后来这个 Saga 的意思就有所拓展他指的是 a long story 88 00:07:55,740 --> 00:07:59,440 about events that happened over many years 就 89 00:07:59,850 --> 00:08:05,590 描述一个长期的一个故事就一个长篇的故事好了 90 00:08:06,780 --> 00:08:08,360 为了转移公众的注意力 91 00:08:09,140 --> 00:08:14,140 因为这件事情嘛现在算是一个有点尴尬了 has become 92 00:08:14,140 --> 00:08:16,080 had become a serious embarrassment 93 00:08:16,800 --> 00:08:21,710 所以 Lowell Observatory Directors Lowell 他的那个天 94 00:08:21,710 --> 00:08:27,590 文台的董事们决定 resume the search to resume means to 95 00:08:27,590 --> 00:08:32,610 begin againafter an interruptionafter an abelance 不 96 00:08:32,610 --> 00:08:37,990 是一段时间暂停之后又重新开始那天文台的董事就决 97 00:08:37,990 --> 00:08:44,770 定重新开始搜寻 X 行星的计划 and to that end to that end 98 00:08:44,770 --> 00:08:50,680 means to that purpose and 就是目的 hired a young m ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）