第2章 欢迎来到太阳系 Welcome to the Solar System · 第2讲S4

1. 老师，讲稿里说冥王星 'ranted'，这个词我查了是 '小猪里最小的那只'，那为什么用这个词来形容冥王星的大小呀？
2. 为啥说冥王星的运行 'variable' 到没人能预测一百年后的位置，而其他行星就能预测呢？
3. 讲稿里把冥王星轨道的倾斜比作 'brim of a hat'（帽檐），这个比喻具体是咋回事？为啥说它 'tipped out of alignment'？
4. 既然冥王星有时候离地球比海王星还近，那为什么天文学家还是觉得它 'not a planet'（不是行星）呢？
5. 最后老师让我们总结 'Lowell's postulation'（洛威尔的假设）哪里错了，这个假设具体是指啥？

1. Teacher, the transcript says Pluto is 'ranted', which I looked up means 'the smallest piglet in a litter'. Why use this word to describe Pluto's size?
2. Why does the transcript say Pluto's motion is so 'variable' that no one can predict its position in 100 years, while other planets can?
3. The transcript compares Pluto's tilted orbit to the 'brim of a hat'. What exactly does this metaphor mean? Why is it said to be 'tipped out of alignment'?
4. Since Pluto is sometimes closer to Earth than Neptune, why do astronomers still believe it is 'not a planet'?
5. At the end, the teacher asks us to summarize what was wrong with 'Lowell's postulation'. What exactly does this hypothesis refer to?

1 00:00:06,100 --> 00:00:09,880 It is certainly true that Pluto doesn't act much like 2 00:00:09,880 --> 00:00:10,800 the other planets. 3 00:00:12,620 --> 00:00:16,800 确实,迷惘星跟其他的几个行星不太一样。 4 00:00:16,960 --> 00:00:19,900 Not only is it ranted and obscure, 5 00:00:20,660 --> 00:00:22,580 ranted 是指, 6 00:00:22,760 --> 00:00:28,060 rant 这个词指的是一窝的小猪里面最小的那一只。 7 00:00:28,400 --> 00:00:32,080 那么 ranted 也就是说这颗行星是非常小, 8 00:00:32,180 --> 00:00:33,720 好像发育不良似的。 9 00:00:33,720 --> 00:00:35,380 obscure 10 00:00:35,440 --> 00:00:40,960 模糊我们之前也见过好几个表现模糊的词 blurry, 11 00:00:41,240 --> 00:00:42,040 indistinct, 12 00:00:42,380 --> 00:00:46,300 faint 现在是 obscure 又 13 00:00:46,490 --> 00:00:52,490 小又模糊 but it is so variable in its motions that no one 14 00:00:52,490 --> 00:00:56,550 can tell you exactly where Pluto will be a century 15 00:00:56,550 --> 00:01:05,210 hencevariable 的动词是 variv a r y it means change 改变 16 00:01:05,210 --> 00:01:11,050 变化比如说 you need to vary your diet 你的饮食要多换 17 00:01:11,050 --> 00:01:15,490 一换多改变一下饮食要多样化那 variable 就是 18 00:01:15,490 --> 00:01:21,310 changeable in its motionsmotions 是名词指的是运动 19 00:01:21,310 --> 00:01:28,940 就是它的运行又非常的多变不是那么有规律 so 20 00:01:29,360 --> 00:01:35,340 variable that 因为运行是如此的多变如此的没有规律 21 00:01:35,340 --> 00:01:38,660 没有人能够告诉你 Where 22 00:01:38,790 --> 00:01:44,170 Pluto will be a century hence 再过一百年 Pluto 会运行 23 00:01:44,170 --> 00:01:47,330 在哪个位置上没有人能够预测 As 24 00:01:49,280 --> 00:01:52,980 the other planets orbit on more or less the same plane 25 00:01:52,980 --> 00:01:58,240 Pluto's orbital path is tipped as it were out of 26 00:01:58,240 --> 00:02:01,080 alignment at an angle of 17 degrees 27 00:02:06,720 --> 00:02:07,240 其 28 00:02:08,360 --> 00:02:13,350 他的行星它的运行轨道基本上是在同一个平面上的第 29 00:02:13,350 --> 00:02:17,720 一课的时候说过了都在同一个黄道面上 30 00:02:20,010 --> 00:02:23,410 它的运行轨道呢是排 31 00:02:25,880 --> 00:02:34,770 成直线大家都是整整齐齐的排成一排只有它呢 tipped 32 00:02:34,770 --> 00:02:40,630 out of alignment 它脱离了这个直线这个平面其实是 at 33 00:02:40,630 --> 00:02:42,390 an angle of 17 degrees 34 00:02:43,110 --> 00:02:48,870 这个倾斜的角度大概是 17 度 like the brim of a hatbrim 35 00:02:48,870 --> 00:02:55,530 of a hat 指的是帽檐就像是一个人戴着帽子戴得歪歪斜 36 00:02:55,530 --> 00:03:00,730 斜的 tilt it ruckishly on someone's headtilt 也是倾斜 37 00:03:00,730 --> 00:03:06,510 的意思而 rappishly 就是指那种随随便便的很放荡的 38 00:03:06,510 --> 00:03:11,340 很潇洒的样子戴在人的头上就是 39 00:03:13,520 --> 00:03:14,840 这样 its 40 00:03:17,140 --> 00:03:21,940 orbit is so irregular that for substantial periods on 41 00:03:21,940 --> 00:03:26,640 each of its lonely circuitsaround the sun it is closer 42 00:03:26,640 --> 00:03:33,407 to us than Neptune issubstantial 这个词我们第一课的 43 00:03:33,407 --> 00:03:36,660 时候学过 insubstantial 这是它的反义词 44 00:03:36,660 --> 00:03:42,300 insubstantial 是微不足道的这个呢就是指大量的或 45 00:03:42,300 --> 00:03:46,620 者相当长的 substantial periods 就相当长的时间 46 00:03:47,160 --> 00:03:52,940 circuits 在这个句子中指的是轨道它本来指的是回路 47 00:03:52,940 --> 00:03:58,860 比如说电路那在这儿指的是冥王星绕地球绕太阳运行 48 00:03:58,860 --> 00:04:04,590 的轨道好我们看整个句子 its orbit is so irregular 它 49 00:04:04,590 --> 00:04:08,260 的轨道是如此的不规则它 50 00:04:09,380 --> 00:04:14,680 怎么个不规则呢刚才说了它跟其他的行星不是在同一 51 00:04:14,680 --> 00:04:22,540 个平面上运行的还有就是它不是基本成圆形它是长妥 52 00:04:22,540 --> 00:04:24,040 圆形那 53 00:04:24,260 --> 00:04:29,080 这就使得它在很长的一段时间里呢 It is closer to us 54 00:04:29,080 --> 00:04:31,280 than Neptune is 它 55 00:04:31,760 --> 00:04:38,820 距离我们的它到地球的距离比海王星到我们的距离还 56 00:04:38,820 --> 00:04:41,920 要近我们可以看一下上面那张图 57 00:04:43,630 --> 00:04:48,670 就这样当它运行到这个地方的时候它就跑到海王星的 58 00:04:48,670 --> 00:04:50,310 里边去了那 59 00:04:51,080 --> 00:04:56,200 在其他的地方在这的时候它在海王星的外面所以从平 60 00:04:56,200 --> 00:05:01,200 均距离来讲它是离太阳最远的但是有的时候它反而又 61 00:05:01,200 --> 00:05:02,220 跑到里边去了 62 00:05:14,760 --> 00:05:15,320 所以 63 00:05:15,760 --> 00:05:24,860 在 1980 年代以及 1990 年代的大部分时间海王星反而是 64 00:05:24,860 --> 00:05:31,480 太阳系最远的离太阳最远的行星因为冥王星跑到海王 65 00:05:31,480 --> 00:05:32,840 星的轨道里边去了 66 00:05:41,100 --> 00:05:41,700 一直 67 00:05:42,150 --> 00:05:46,190 到了 1999 年的 2 月 11 日 Pluto 68 00:05:46,230 --> 00:05:51,650 冥王星才回到他那个外边的轨道 lane 69 00:05:51,710 --> 00:05:57,430 这个是比如说跑道可以用这个 lane 还有巷子也是这个 70 00:05:57,430 --> 00:06:02,150 lane 这就是指他自己的那个外头的轨道 There to 71 00:06:02,150 --> 00:06:07,250 remain for the next 228 years 等 72 00:06:07,380 --> 00:06:14,700 他再次跑到海王星的里边呢那又得再等 228 年 Well, 73 00:06:17,170 --> 00:06:17,490 then, 74 00:06:17,630 --> 00:06:21,430 let's call it a day I'm not going to summarize today's 75 00:06:21,430 --> 00:06:23,430 lesson for you Instead, 76 00:06:23,450 --> 00:06:26,370 you are supposed to finish the summary yourself 77 00:06:27,010 --> 00:06:29,090 You need to answer these questions 78 00:06:29,750 --> 00:06:31,250 What did Lowell believe? 79 00:06:31,250 --> 00:06:33,970 Why didn't he find Planet X? 80 00:06:34,250 --> 00:06:36,950 What was wrong with Lowell's postulation? 81 00:06:37,590 --> 00:06:41,670 Why do astronomers believe that Pluto is not a planet? 82 00:06:42,480 --> 00:06:45,780 These are the questions you need to answer in order to 83 00:06:45,780 --> 00:06:46,720 finish the summary. 84 00:06:47,180 --> 00:06:51,260 And the question for the next session is Is 85 00:06:52,280 --> 00:06:54,880 it possible to travel to Pluto? 86 00:06:55,420 --> 00:06:59,260 You can read the next part of the text to find out. 87 00:06:59,660 --> 00:07:00,760 See you then!