第2章 欢迎来到太阳系 Welcome to the Solar System · 第2讲S3

1. 老师，讲稿里说这颗X星球不像木星或土星，更像是一颗“没成功的太阳”，这里的“made it”具体是啥意思呀？
2. 为什么宇宙里大部分恒星系都是双星系统，反而像我们太阳系这样“孤零零”的一颗太阳显得有点奇怪（oddity）呢？
3. Galactic debris里的debris读作[ˈdeɪbriːs]，它跟厨房里的垃圾有啥区别？为什么翻译成“残骸”更合适？
4. 科伊伯带（Kuiper Belt）和奥尔特星云（Oort Cloud）都是彗星的来源，那短周期彗星和长周期彗星的主要区别是啥？
5. 既然冥王星现在被归类为柯伊伯带天体而不是行星，那为什么大家还在争论它到底算不算行星呢？

1. The transcript says this X-planet is more like a 'sun that never quite made it.' What exactly does 'made it' mean in this context?
2. Why is our solitary sun considered a 'slight oddity' when most star systems in the cosmos are binary?
3. How is 'galactic debris' different from regular kitchen trash, and why is 'debris' pronounced as [ˈdeɪbriːs]?
4. What is the main difference between short-period comets from the Kuiper Belt and long-period comets from the Oort Cloud?
5. Since Pluto is now classified as a Kuiper Belt object rather than a planet, why do astronomers still debate its status?

1 00:00:25,590 --> 00:00:30,120 还有一些天文学家,他们继续相信, 2 00:00:30,520 --> 00:00:33,680 还是存在着一个 X 星球。 3 00:00:34,270 --> 00:00:39,950 那是一个真正的巨无霸 warper 是庞然大物我们之前学 4 00:00:39,950 --> 00:00:43,050 过一个词组就是 at a warping scale 5 00:00:43,850 --> 00:00:50,110 极大规模的 warper 跟它这个构词是有词根是一样的 6 00:00:50,870 --> 00:00:53,630 perhaps as much as ten times the size of Jupiter 7 00:00:54,170 --> 00:00:54,890 J upiter 8 00:00:55,090 --> 00:01:00,330 木星是目前发现的最大的行星他说这颗行星它的大小 9 00:01:00,330 --> 00:01:07,750 可能会是木星的十倍但是由于距离太远 so far out as to 10 00:01:07,750 --> 00:01:13,710 be so as to 表示结果由于太远那我们就看不到它了 11 00:01:13,710 --> 00:01:16,990 invisible 是不可见的为什么 12 00:01:17,570 --> 00:01:21,870 呢 it will receive so little sunlight 因为离得太远离 13 00:01:21,870 --> 00:01:26,890 太阳太远那它接受的太阳光就很少当然也就没有什么 14 00:01:26,890 --> 00:01:30,490 光可以反射自然我们就看不到它了 15 00:01:47,310 --> 00:01:47,790 他们 16 00:01:47,980 --> 00:01:55,060 的想法是这颗星不会是像木星或土星那样是一颗传统 17 00:01:55,060 --> 00:01:59,810 意义上的通常意义上的行星因为它太遥远了所以不可 18 00:01:59,810 --> 00:02:05,220 能会是这样的一颗行星这个所谓的遥远有多远呢 We 19 00:02:05,220 --> 00:02:07,060 are talking perhaps to 4. 20 00:02:07,340 --> 00:02:14,280 5 trillion miles 说起来恐怕是要 4.5 兆英里远这个 21 00:02:14,830 --> 00:02:18,530 部分呢其实是插入语先不要把它放在里边 22 00:02:19,070 --> 00:02:23,350 这个整个句子应该这样看 The idea is that it wouldn't 23 00:02:23,350 --> 00:02:27,270 be a conventional planetlike Jupiter or Saturn but 24 00:02:27,270 --> 00:02:32,230 more like a sun that never quite made it 它不太像是木星 25 00:02:32,230 --> 00:02:37,970 或土星这样传统意义上的行星更像是一颗没有 26 00:02:38,220 --> 00:02:44,440 成功的太阳 made it 就是成功 I made it 我成功了本 27 00:02:44,800 --> 00:02:49,420 来会是一颗太阳的但是不知怎么的就没成功没成的了 28 00:02:49,420 --> 00:02:51,780 太阳没成气候 Most 29 00:02:52,580 --> 00:02:56,660 star systems in the cosmos are binarydouble 30 00:02:56,660 --> 00:03:00,720 starredwhich makes our solitary sun a slight oddity 31 00:03:02,160 --> 00:03:07,540 听问学家这么想也不是空穴来风那是因为宇宙中的大 32 00:03:07,540 --> 00:03:13,480 部分的恒星系统 Star System 就像是太阳系这样的恒星 33 00:03:13,480 --> 00:03:18,110 系大部分都是双星系统的 Binary 后 34 00:03:18,270 --> 00:03:22,990 面是解释 Double Star 我们可以关注一下 BI 这个前缀 35 00:03:22,990 --> 00:03:24,210 Bicycle 36 00:03:24,230 --> 00:03:31,010 自行车 Bicycle BI 就表示 R 有两个轮子的如果是三个轮 37 00:03:31,010 --> 00:03:34,780 子的三轮车它就叫 tricyclebilateral 38 00:03:35,000 --> 00:03:40,260 双边的比如说两国之间的双边关系 bilateral 39 00:03:40,260 --> 00:03:46,550 relationshipbilingual 是双语的会两门语言的 40 00:03:46,570 --> 00:03:48,570 两种语言的 bisexual 41 00:03:48,850 --> 00:03:49,850 双 42 00:03:49,940 --> 00:03:54,760 性恋 means peoplebisexual people are attracted to 43 00:03:54,760 --> 00:04:01,720 both women and menbinoculars 是双通望远镜所以这个 44 00:04:01,720 --> 00:04:04,000 bi 就表示二宇 45 00:04:04,760 --> 00:04:09,040 宙间的大部分的恒星系是双星系统 which makes our 46 00:04:09,040 --> 00:04:14,800 solitary sun a slight oddity 但我们的太阳就只有一个 47 00:04:14,800 --> 00:04:19,780 所以呢 solitary 这个是 lonely 孤独的我们 48 00:04:19,910 --> 00:04:25,490 的太阳就这么一个这显得有点奇怪 oddity 是名词它的 49 00:04:25,490 --> 00:04:29,110 形容词就是 od,odd,有点古怪了。 50 00:04:30,380 --> 00:04:32,080 As for Pluto itself, 51 00:04:32,740 --> 00:04:35,220 nobody is quite sure how big it is, 52 00:04:35,320 --> 00:04:38,900 or what it is made of,what kind of atmosphere it has, 53 00:04:39,160 --> 00:04:43,750 or even what it really is.至于冥王星本身, 54 00:04:43,870 --> 00:04:46,830 至今没有人确知它究竟有多大。 55 00:04:47,540 --> 00:04:50,740 它又是,它的内部结构成分又是什么, 56 00:04:50,940 --> 00:04:53,180 具有哪一种类型的大气层, 57 00:04:53,180 --> 00:04:58,700 甚至连它到底是什么它的身份都不能确定 A 58 00:04:59,660 --> 00:05:03,880 lot of astronomers believe it isn't a planet at all but 59 00:05:03,880 --> 00:05:08,240 merely the largest object so farfound in the zone of 60 00:05:08,240 --> 00:05:14,020 galactic debrisknown as the Kuiper Belt Galactic 名词 61 00:05:14,020 --> 00:05:20,640 就是 Galaxy 形容系就是银河系 Debr is 这个词的发音要 62 00:05:20,640 --> 00:05:24,360 注意所以读作 debr is,s 是没有翻译的, 63 00:05:24,400 --> 00:05:29,880 是垃圾,但是它并不是指厨房里的那种鱼骨头啊, 64 00:05:29,880 --> 00:05:36,040 苹果皮啊那种垃圾,而是物体被撞击以后形成的碎片, 65 00:05:36,180 --> 00:05:39,980 所以有时候可以翻译成残骸或者废墟。 66 00:05:41,680 --> 00:05:43,940 zone 是区域,地带, 67 00:05:44,060 --> 00:05:50,420 所以这里指的是银河系的废墟带或者银河碎片带。 68 00:05:52,000 --> 00:05:57,520 这个银河碎片带被称为 Kyper Belt Kyper 这个翻译也跟 69 00:05:57,520 --> 00:06:02,600 英语的翻译规则是不一致的因为这个 Kyper 是一个荷 70 00:06:02,600 --> 00:06:07,280 兰的天文学家的名字这个并不是英语的名字 71 00:06:08,540 --> 00:06:10,000 许多天文学家相信 72 00:06:10,800 --> 00:06:16,400 许多天文学家认为这并不是一颗行星它只不过是目前 73 00:06:16,400 --> 00:06:24,680 为止在被称为科伊伯带的银河碎片带找到的最大的一 74 00:06:24,680 --> 00:06:26,720 个物体而已 The 75 00:06:27,520 --> 00:06:31,180 Kuiper Belt was actually theorized by an astronomer 76 00:06:31,180 --> 00:06:32,080 named F. 77 00:06:32,140 --> 00:06:37,440 C.Leonard in 1930 but the name honors Gerard Kuiper, 78 00:06:37,580 --> 00:06:39,680 a Dutch native working in America, 79 00:06:39,940 --> 00:06:42,660 who expanded the idea the 80 00:06:42,920 --> 00:06:47,740 orized 大家应该可以看到它的名词是 theory 理论那么 81 00:06:47,740 --> 00:06:53,520 to theorize 也就是 to propose a theory 提出一个理论科 82 00:06:54,320 --> 00:06:58,740 伊伯戴这个理论首先是由这位天文学家 Lennard 提出 83 00:06:58,740 --> 00:07:04,200 来的 but the name 但是 Kuyper 这个名字呢 owners Gerard 84 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:08,720 Kuyper a Dutch native work in America 但是这个名字却 85 00:07:08,720 --> 00:07:14,160 是以另外一个天文学家的名字命名的是为了纪念他 86 00:07:15,010 --> 00:07:20,270 这位天文学家是一个 Dutch native Native 指的是原籍 87 00:07:20,270 --> 00:07:27,190 是荷兰他是在美国工作但是他本身是荷兰人是他 exp 88 00:07:27,190 --> 00:07:32,350 anded the idea 他对这个理论进行了拓展我们 89 00:07:32,900 --> 00:07:35,580 可以看一下这个就是 Caperbilt 90 00:07:36,820 --> 00:07:37,360 在 91 00:07:37,710 --> 00:07:44,930 太阳系的边缘最外围有很多很多的 Galactic Debr is 科 92 00:07:46,910 --> 00:07:58,130 伊 93 00:07:58,550 --> 00:08:04,130 伯代是短周期彗星的来源也就是说短周期彗星基本上 94 00:08:04,130 --> 00:08:09,470 是形成于科伊伯代我们首先要先说一下什么叫做彗星 95 00:08:09,470 --> 00:08:16,850 彗星并不是太阳系的固定成员它是从太阳系以外比如 96 00:08:16,850 --> 00:08:23,370 说这个科伊伯带突然闯到太阳系里边的那它绕太阳运 97 00:08:23,370 --> 00:08:30,070 行的周期也不一定有的几年有的几十万年那短周期彗 98 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）