第2章 欢迎来到太阳系 Welcome to the Solar System · 第1讲

1. 讲稿里说'如果有人月球上划火柴'是虚拟语气，为什么这里要用过去式'struck'而不是原形'strike'呀？
2. 这里的'throbs and wobbles'原本都是动词，但在句子里跟在'tiniest'后面变成了名词，它们具体指恒星的什么运动呢？
3. 'potential habitability'里的'habitable'和'habitat'长得很像，这两个词在意思上到底有啥区别？
4. 作者用'一片雪花落地的能量'来比喻射电望远镜接收到的辐射，为什么觉得这种比喻很荒唐可笑（preposterously faint）？
5. 通常我们说'moon'都指地球的月亮，但这里说冥王星也有'moon'，在科普文章里'moon'一般指什么？

1. The transcript says 'if someone struck a match on the moon' is a subjunctive mood. Why do we use the past tense 'struck' here instead of the base form 'strike'?
2. 'Throbs and wobbles' are originally verbs, but in this sentence, they follow the adjective 'tiniest' and become nouns. What specific movements of distant stars do they refer to?
3. In 'potential habitability', 'habitable' and 'habitat' look similar. What is the exact difference in meaning between these two words?
4. The author uses 'the energy of a single snowflake striking the ground' to describe the radiation captured by radio telescopes. Why is this comparison considered 'preposterously faint' (absurdly weak)?
5. Usually, when we say 'moon', we mean Earth's moon. But here it says Pluto has a 'moon'. In popular science articles, what does 'moon' generally refer to?

1 00:00:12,620 --> 00:00:14,000 Welcome to the solar system. 2 00:00:15,650 --> 00:00:19,310 Astronomers these days can do the most amazing things. 3 00:00:19,590 --> 00:00:21,130 Amazing means surprising. 4 00:00:21,570 --> 00:00:23,890 So surprising you can hardly believe it. 5 00:00:24,030 --> 00:00:26,050 It also means very good, 6 00:00:26,150 --> 00:00:29,030 especially in an unexpected way.For example, 7 00:00:29,190 --> 00:00:31,730 you are amazing.你真是太棒了。 8 00:00:32,220 --> 00:00:34,900 Or you are an amazing football player. 9 00:00:35,420 --> 00:00:37,080 But here in our sentence, 10 00:00:37,240 --> 00:00:38,240 amazing means surprising. 11 00:00:38,780 --> 00:00:42,680 现代的天文学家能做的事情太让人惊讶了。 12 00:00:42,680 --> 00:00:47,060 If someone struck a match on the moonstruck 原型是 13 00:00:47,060 --> 00:00:48,480 strikestrike 14 00:00:49,440 --> 00:00:55,370 本意是击打打击 struck match 是火柴 struck a match 就 15 00:00:55,370 --> 00:00:59,200 是划了一根火柴 If someone struck a match on the moon 如 16 00:00:59,200 --> 00:01:03,373 果有人在月球上划了一根火柴大家可以关注一下为什 17 00:01:03,373 --> 00:01:06,840 么不是 strike a match 而是用过去式呢我们 18 00:01:07,290 --> 00:01:13,370 前几课提到过虚拟语气与事实相反的不可能实现的一 19 00:01:13,370 --> 00:01:18,270 种假设用的虚拟语气它的条件句就是 if 引导的从句里 20 00:01:18,270 --> 00:01:18,490 边 21 00:01:19,570 --> 00:01:25,070 跟现在事实相反的时候它用的是一般过去式这就是虚 22 00:01:25,070 --> 00:01:26,070 拟语气这种情况 23 00:01:26,690 --> 00:01:30,710 因为不可能有人会到月球上去划火柴所以这种假设是 24 00:01:30,710 --> 00:01:35,770 不可能成为现实的而虚拟语气的主句它的位于是 25 00:01:35,770 --> 00:01:39,050 could 或者 should 等等加上动词原型 26 00:01:48,770 --> 00:01:52,610 如果有人在月球上划了一个火柴就那么一点点的火光 27 00:01:52,610 --> 00:01:54,990 听闻学家都能从地球上看到 28 00:02:09,100 --> 00:02:12,120 that it would take us half a million years in a spaceship 29 00:02:12,120 --> 00:02:16,760 to get therethrobs and wobbles 30 00:02:16,960 --> 00:02:20,720 这两个是名词因为它跟在 tiniest 形容词的后面 31 00:02:21,480 --> 00:02:27,900 从遥远的恒星的最微小的 throbs and wobbles 那我们要 32 00:02:27,900 --> 00:02:30,440 从它们的动词去理解它的意思 33 00:02:31,020 --> 00:02:35,900 它的动词跟名词的拼写是一样的 throb means to pause 34 00:02:35,900 --> 00:02:36,340 it 35 00:02:36,420 --> 00:02:40,740 迈动 or to beat repeatedlyespecially with increased 36 00:02:40,740 --> 00:02:41,380 force 37 00:02:42,050 --> 00:02:46,790 for example your heart beats regularly but sometimes 38 00:02:46,790 --> 00:02:51,910 it may beat more strongly than usual all of a sudden that 39 00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:53,760 is a throb 心 40 00:02:54,080 --> 00:02:59,420 跳心跳的悸动有时候突然会那么增强一下突然比较强 41 00:02:59,420 --> 00:03:04,480 烈地跳了一下那就是 throbwobbles means to move or to 42 00:03:04,480 --> 00:03:09,500 rock or sway unsteadily 摇摇晃晃摇摇摆摆很不稳定的 43 00:03:09,500 --> 00:03:11,000 样子所以 44 00:03:11,320 --> 00:03:14,580 这个句子呢指的是 from the tiniest movements of 45 00:03:14,580 --> 00:03:18,760 distant stars they can infer the size and character and 46 00:03:18,760 --> 00:03:23,920 even potential habitability of planets infer means to 47 00:03:23,920 --> 00:03:27,540 make judgment to draw a conclusion from the evidence 48 00:03:27,540 --> 00:03:31,460 for examplefrom the evidence we can infer that the 49 00:03:31,460 --> 00:03:33,860 victim knew her killer 从 50 00:03:34,120 --> 00:03:38,980 我们获得的证据可以判断可以推测推理 Inferred 就是 51 00:03:38,980 --> 00:03:42,180 推测推理可以推测推理出 52 00:03:43,500 --> 00:03:48,200 就是这个受害者认识凶手那 53 00:03:49,220 --> 00:03:55,600 从遥远的恒星的这些微小的悸动天文学家们可以推断 54 00:03:55,600 --> 00:04:01,400 出什么呢 Inferred 后面跟着几个的兵语第一个兵语是 55 00:04:01,400 --> 00:04:03,500 The size and character 56 00:04:04,120 --> 00:04:08,220 这个 The size and character 指的就是恒星本身的 size 57 00:04:08,220 --> 00:04:14,060 and character 它们的大小和性质第二个比喻在这 even 58 00:04:14,060 --> 00:04:18,340 potential habitability of planetsmuch too remote to 59 00:04:18,340 --> 00:04:23,880 be seen 甚至是那些遥远的行 60 00:04:24,010 --> 00:04:30,680 星它们是否适合人类居住这个它们也能判断出来这里 61 00:04:30,870 --> 00:04:36,200 有几个词比较密集 potential 是指潜在的有可能的比 62 00:04:36,200 --> 00:04:38,530 如说 your potential customer 63 00:04:39,150 --> 00:04:43,890 你的潜在客户他现在还不是你的客户但有可能会成为 64 00:04:43,890 --> 00:04:46,430 你的客户这样的叫 potential customer 65 00:04:47,570 --> 00:04:48,950 那 hab itability 66 00:04:49,590 --> 00:04:51,430 我们先看一下动词 67 00:04:51,990 --> 00:04:56,210 hab it 不对是名词 habitathabitat 是居住地 68 00:04:56,270 --> 00:04:58,400 栖息地比如说 69 00:04:59,060 --> 00:05:01,220 a lot of animals are losing 70 00:05:03,360 --> 00:05:08,780 现在有很多的动物在逐渐失去它们的自然栖息地 71 00:05:10,240 --> 00:05:12,200 那它的形容词 habitable 72 00:05:12,820 --> 00:05:16,960 也就是指适宜居住的适宜生物居住的 73 00:05:17,440 --> 00:05:22,460 这个又是名词 hab itability 移居性所以这两个都是名 74 00:05:22,460 --> 00:05:24,400 词但是它们的意思是不一样的 75 00:05:25,560 --> 00:05:30,700 那现在这里指的就是这些行星的移居性 76 00:05:31,540 --> 00:05:33,360 而这些行星之后面还有 77 00:05:34,120 --> 00:05:39,110 much too remote to be seen 这个部分是修饰这个行星什 78 00:05:39,110 --> 00:05:44,260 么样的行星就是离我们太远 remote means far awaymuch 79 00:05:44,260 --> 00:05:48,600 too far away for us to bemuch too far away for us to see 80 00:05:48,600 --> 00:05:52,480 them 离我们实在遥远我们根本就看不到但是呢我们可 81 00:05:52,480 --> 00:05:57,260 以根据它这个系统内的恒星它的这些 throbs and 82 00:05:57,260 --> 00:06:02,520 wobbles 听问学家们就可以推测出这些行星是否适宜 83 00:06:02,520 --> 00:06:06,340 人类居住至少是否适合生物居住 84 00:06:09,090 --> 00:06:15,610 再看后面这里还有一个破折号这是继续进一步的来说 85 00:06:15,610 --> 00:06:18,170 明这个行星它 86 00:06:18,490 --> 00:06:22,410 到底有多远 Planets so distant that it would take us 87 00:06:22,410 --> 00:06:25,370 half a million years in a spaceship to get there 88 00:06:26,140 --> 00:06:29,360 离我们这么远搭太空船都 89 00:06:29,550 --> 00:06:32,650 要花上五十万年才到的了 With 90 00:06:34,160 --> 00:06:37,840 their radio telescopes they can capture wisps of 91 00:06:37,840 --> 00:06:41,920 radiation so preposterously faint that the total 92 00:06:41,920 --> 00:06:44,540 amount of energycollected from outside the solar 93 00:06:44,540 --> 00:06:47,540 system by all of them togethersince collecting began 94 00:06:47,540 --> 00:06:53,040 in 1951 is less than the energy of a single snowflake 95 00:0 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）