第四章 骁勇之美 —— 宋辽金夏多政权下的戎装风貌
课程：骁勇之美(ENGL026)主讲：张慧琴教授词汇 28 条句型 3 条要点 0 条
二、核心词汇（28）
| 词条 | 释义 / 讲解 |
|---|
| protective performance | 防护性能。protective 意为保护的，performance 在此指性能、表现。 |
| masterpiece | 杰作。master (大师) + piece (作品)，指最高水平的艺术品或作品。 |
| meticulously | 一丝不苟地。副词，源自 meticulous (一丝不苟的)，强调极度细致。 |
| solid texture | 坚固的质地。solid 坚固的，texture 质地、结构，指铠甲材料的坚实感。 |
| uniform design | 统一形制/标准设计。uniform在此作形容词，意为“统一的、标准化的”。 |
| differentiated | 差异化的。动词differentiate的过去分词，强调根据不同需求进行区分设计。 |
| engage in | 从事、参与（战斗）。engage in close combat 意为“进行近身肉搏”。 |
| archer | 弓箭手。词根arch-指弓，-er指人。对比crossbowman（弩手）。 |
| crossbowman | 弩手。crossbow指弩（有臂架的弓），强调远程射击与机动性。 |
| supplementary equipment | 补充装备。supplementary意为“补充的、附加的”，指非主力但必要的装备。 |
| satin | 缎子。rough satin指粗糙的绸缎，此处特指宋代黄絁。 |
| majesty | 威严、庄严。royal majesty 指皇家的威严气势，常用于描述皇家仪仗。 |
| exquisite | 精致的、细腻的。形容装饰细节极其精美，做工考究。 |
| brocade | 锦缎。red brocade 指红色织锦，常用于装饰边缘或高档服饰。 |
| placket | 衣襟、门襟。指衣服前后片重叠的部分，此处指系结的位置。 |
| distinction of status | 身份等级区别。distinction指差别、区分，status指社会地位或军阶。 |
| auspicious | 吉祥的。auspicious horse 指瑞马，象征好运与吉祥。 |
| visual appeal | 视觉吸引力/美感。指纹样不仅标识身份，还增加了服饰的美观度。 |
| eye-catching | 引人注目的。crimson gloves 在战场上非常显眼，利于识别。 |
| lamellar armor | 札甲/鳞甲。由许多小甲片编缀而成的铠甲，宋代重型步兵常用。 |
| cumbersome | 笨重的、累赘的。形容重型铠甲行动不便，是其主要局限性。 |
| infantry | 步兵。heavy infantry 指重装步兵，与cavalry（骑兵）相对。 |
| annihilate | 歼灭、彻底消灭。annihilate the routed enemy 指全歼溃败之敌。 |
| chainmail | 锁子甲。由金属环扣接而成的轻型铠甲，比札甲更灵活。 |
| precise | adj. 精确的；精密的。此处修饰铠甲结构，体现工艺之精细。 |
| attire | n. 服装；着装。比 clothes 更正式，常指特定场合或功能的服饰，如 military attire。 |
| guard | n. 护具；护板。此处指胸前的圆形护心镜 (round guard)，用于保护要害。 |
| tail-like | adj. 燕尾状的。形容铠甲下摆如尾巴般垂下的设计，即“鹘尾”。 |
三、句型与语法点（3）
| 要点 | 说明 |
|---|
| 凭借...成为... | 凭借 (by virtue of / relying on) + 名词，表示原因或依据。例：凭借精密结构成为新趋势。 |
| intuitively shows | 直观地展示。intuitively 强调无需复杂推理，直接通过视觉即可感知特征。 |
| not only... but also... | 不仅……而且……。连接两个并列成分，此处强调金代铠甲既借鉴优势又优化实用性。 |
四、课堂讨论题
1. 宋代重步兵铠甲为什么做得那么重？
2. 弓兵和弩兵的铠甲重量有什么差别？
3. 纸铠甲真的能抵挡刀剑吗？
4. 不同兵种铠甲重量怎么体现实战需求？
5. ceremonial armor 和实战铠甲区别在哪？
五、Discussion Questions (English)
1. Why was the infantry armor in the Song Dynasty so heavy?
2. What was the difference in armor weight between archers and crossbowmen?
3. Can paper armor really stop swords and blades?
4. How did the weight of armor for different units reflect practical combat needs?
5. What is the difference between ceremonial armor and combat armor?
六、听力 / 讲稿全文
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4.2 Weight Differentiation by Military
4.2 兵种重量细分当然，
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Branch
宋代铠甲并非"一刀切"的统一形制，
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Of course, Song Dynasty armors were not
而是根据不同兵种的作战需求，
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of a uniform design;
实现了差异化的重量设计。
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instead, they had differentiated weight
对于近战对抗频繁、需要更强防护的长枪手，
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designs according to the combat needs
铠甲重量设定在3235公斤；
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of different arms.
铠甲重量设定在3235公斤；
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For spearmen who frequently engaged
铠甲重量设定在3235公斤；
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in close combat and needed stronger
铠甲重量设定在3235公斤；
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protection, the armor weight was set at 32
铠甲重量设定在3235公斤；
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to 35 kilograms;
铠甲重量设定在3235公斤；
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for archers who needed both flexibility
铠甲重量设定在3235公斤；
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in archery and close combat protection,
铠甲重量设定在3235公斤；
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the armor weight was 28 to 33 kilograms;
铠甲重量设定在3235公斤；
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and for crossbowmen who mainly engaged
铠甲重量设定在3235公斤；
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in long range shooting
铠甲重量设定在3235公斤；
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and emphasized mobility,
铠甲重量设定在3235公斤；
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the armor weight was controlled at 22
铠甲重量设定在3235公斤；
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to 27 kilograms.
铠甲重量设定在3235公斤；
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This precise adaptation achieved a clever
兼顾射箭灵活性与近战防护的弓箭手，
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balance between protection
铠甲重量为2833公斤；
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and practical combat needs.
铠甲重量为2833公斤；
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In addition to heavy iron armor,
而以远程射击为主、
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the Song Dynasty
侧重机动性的弩射手，
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also had paper armor
铠甲重量则控制在2227公斤，
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as a flexible
这种精准适配让铠甲在防护与实战需求之
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supplementary equipment.
间达到了巧妙平衡。
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Made of special silkworm cocoon paper,
除了重型铁甲，
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it was both lightweight
宋代还出现了纸甲这一灵活补充装备，
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and had high protective power,
它由特殊蚕茧纸制成，
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enriching the choices
兼具轻便与较高防护力，
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of military equipment.
丰富了军事装备的选择。
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4.3 Ritual Armor (Jiezhou)
4.3 介胄在仪仗场合，
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On ceremonial occasions,
宋代则有专门的礼仪用甲——五色介胄。
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the Song Dynasty had special ceremonial
宋代则有专门的礼仪用甲——五色介胄。
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armor — the Five Colored Jiezhou.
宋代则有专门的礼仪用甲——五色介胄。
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Its basic structure
它的基础结构以布为衬里，
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had a cloth lining,
外部覆盖黄絁（也就是粗糙的绸缎），
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covered with yellow silk (that is,
核心功能并非实战防护，
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rough satin)
而是彰显仪式感与皇家威严。
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on the
在装饰细节上，五色介胄极尽精致：
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outside.
甲面绘有青绿色图案，边缘用红锦装饰；
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Its core function was not practical
下裙为青色，
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protection, but to demonstrate a sense
以绛韦制成网络状装饰，长度直达膝盖；
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of ceremony and royal majesty.
以绛韦制成网络状装饰，长度直达膝盖；
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In terms of decorative details,
正面绘有鹰与人面图案，
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the Five Colored Jiezhou was extremely
背部纹样延伸至鹰身，
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exquisite: the armor surface was painted
还以锦腾蛇（锦带）缠绕装饰，
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with turquoise patterns,
尽显庄重华贵。
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and the edges were decorated
尽显庄重华贵。
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with red brocade;
尽显庄重华贵。
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the lower skirt was cyan,
尽显庄重华贵。
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with a network like decoration made
尽显庄重华贵。
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of crimson leather, reaching down
尽显庄重华贵。
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to the knees;
尽显庄重华贵。
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the front was painted with eagle
尽显庄重华贵。
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and human face patterns,
尽显庄重华贵。
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the back patterns extended
尽显庄重华贵。
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to the eagle's body,
尽显庄重华贵。
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and it was also decorated
尽显庄重华贵。
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with brocade flying snakes (brocade belts)
尽显庄重华贵。
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wrapped around, showing solemnity
尽显庄重华贵。
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and luxury.
尽显庄重华贵。
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4.4 Features of Song Dynasty Military
4.4 宋代武将服饰特点宋代武将
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Officers’ Attire
服饰也颇具特色。
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The military officers' attire
服饰也颇具特色。
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of the Song Dynasty also had distinctive
服饰也颇具特色。
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features.
服饰也颇具特色。
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Its wearing method was quite unique:
其穿着方式较为独特，没有纽扣，
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there were no buttons,
通过衣襟下缘的垂带在胸前系结；
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and it was tied in front of the chest
通过衣襟下缘的垂带在胸前系结；
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with a hanging belt at the lower edge
通过衣襟下缘的垂带在胸前系结；
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of the placket;
通过衣襟下缘的垂带在胸前系结；
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the distinction of status relied
通过衣襟下缘的垂带在胸前系结；
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……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）
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