第1章 迷失在宇宙中 Lost in the Cosmos · 第5讲S3

1. 老师，讲稿里那个‘平面宇宙的人’（flatlander）走不出边缘的例子，到底是啥意思呀？为啥用它来解释空间弯曲？
2. 文中提到虚拟语气，说‘he might eventually return to the spot’，这里用过去式‘returned’而不是‘will return’，是因为假设的情况不可能发生吗？
3. confounded, puzzled, flummoxed 这几个词意思差不多，老师您说写作时尽量换着用，那它们之间有啥细微的区别或者使用场景吗？
4. 既然科学家说我们‘可能’在宇宙中心，又说‘无法数学证明’，那他们为啥还坚持认为‘现象对所有观察者都一样’？这背后的逻辑是啥？
5. 讲稿最后说可见宇宙直径是‘一兆兆英里’（1后面24个0），但广义宇宙（universe at large）更宽敞（roomier），这两个概念到底咋区分呀？

1. What exactly is the point of the 'flatlander' example in the transcript? Why is it used to explain the curvature of space?
2. The text uses the past tense 'returned' in the virtual mood structure 'he might eventually return to the spot'. Is this because the situation is impossible or contrary to fact?
3. Confounded, puzzled, and flummoxed seem to have similar meanings. You mentioned using different words in writing to avoid repetition, but are there any subtle differences or specific contexts for each?
4. Since scientists say we 'might' be at the center of the universe but can't prove it mathematically, why do they still insist that 'the phenomenon must be the same for all observers'? What's the logic behind that?
5. The transcript mentions the visible universe has a diameter of 'a million million million million miles' (1 followed by 24 zeros), but the 'universe at large' is described as 'vastly roomier'. How do we distinguish between these two concepts?

1 00:00:06,220 --> 00:00:09,280 The analogy that is usually given for explaining the 2 00:00:09,280 --> 00:00:10,280 curvature curvature of space 3 00:00:10,820 --> 00:00:14,240 is to try to imagine someone from the universe of flat 4 00:00:14,240 --> 00:00:18,160 surfaces who had never seen a sphere being brought to 5 00:00:18,160 --> 00:00:18,420 earth. 6 00:00:19,380 --> 00:00:24,680 是类比,也就是把两个相似的事物放在一起比较, 7 00:00:24,760 --> 00:00:29,560 好帮助我们理解一个相对比较难以理解的东西。 8 00:00:30,070 --> 00:00:32,490 这句画线的部分是主干。 9 00:00:32,490 --> 00:00:37,910 The analogy is to try to imagine someone being brought 10 00:00:37,910 --> 00:00:39,650 to Earth 这个 11 00:00:39,840 --> 00:00:46,060 类比就是我们试着想象一下某一个人被带到地球上主 12 00:00:46,060 --> 00:00:51,120 干的部分信息很不完整所以我们现在把这些修饰的成 13 00:00:51,120 --> 00:00:53,260 分再加上去 That 14 00:00:53,290 --> 00:00:56,650 is usually given for explaining the curvature of space 15 00:00:56,650 --> 00:01:00,610 Curvature 就是空间的弯曲要 16 00:01:00,900 --> 00:01:06,300 解释空间的弯曲人们通常用的是这样一个类比那就是 17 00:01:06,300 --> 00:01:11,720 想象一下这样一个人这个人呢是 from a universe of 18 00:01:11,720 --> 00:01:16,800 flat surfaces 他来自一个平面的宇宙就是在这个宇宙 19 00:01:16,800 --> 00:01:21,280 上只有 fl at surfaces 只有平坦的表面 who 20 00:01:21,310 --> 00:01:22,630 had never seen a sphere 21 00:01:23,410 --> 00:01:29,150 这个是一个定语从句他的先行词也就是他所修饰的对 22 00:01:29,150 --> 00:01:30,890 象就是前面的 some one 23 00:01:31,620 --> 00:01:36,730 所以这里这个 from a universe of flat surfaces 这个部 24 00:01:36,730 --> 00:01:42,340 分跟 who had never seen a sphere 这两个部分都是用来修 25 00:01:42,340 --> 00:01:44,280 饰 some one 的这个 26 00:01:45,140 --> 00:01:48,540 人来自一个只有平坦表面的宇宙他 27 00:01:48,640 --> 00:01:53,440 也从来没有见过一个 sphere 没见过任何一个球体这样 28 00:01:53,440 --> 00:01:58,020 的一个人被 being brought to earth 被带到了我们地球 29 00:01:58,020 --> 00:01:59,220 上 No 30 00:01:59,830 --> 00:02:03,510 matter how far he roamed across the planet's surface, 31 00:02:03,790 --> 00:02:07,190 he would never find an edge 不管 32 00:02:07,570 --> 00:02:11,690 他在地球的表面上漫游多长时间, 33 00:02:11,890 --> 00:02:15,250 往外走多久 ro am 是漫游, 34 00:02:15,310 --> 00:02:17,070 没有目的地走他 35 00:02:17,680 --> 00:02:20,360 也不可能找到一个边缘 36 00:02:21,610 --> 00:02:24,430 大家可以注意一下他的时态, 37 00:02:24,510 --> 00:02:26,890 roamed 一般过去时 38 00:02:28,290 --> 00:02:31,130 但这又不是发生在过去的事情 39 00:02:31,920 --> 00:02:37,480 其实这是虚拟语气因为这是一个假设而这种假设是不 40 00:02:37,480 --> 00:02:42,440 可能不可能是真实的不可能发生的所以用到的是虚拟 41 00:02:42,440 --> 00:02:42,900 语气 42 00:02:43,580 --> 00:02:46,060 与现在事实相反那 43 00:02:46,410 --> 00:02:51,850 不管他往外走多久他也不可能看到宇宙的边缘 Word 虚 44 00:02:51,850 --> 00:02:55,070 拟语气的结构就是这样跟现在事实相反的时候 45 00:02:56,070 --> 00:03:02,110 它的从句的部分就是用一般过去式而主句呢是 Word 加 46 00:03:02,110 --> 00:03:03,750 上原形 He 47 00:03:04,160 --> 00:03:07,320 might eventually return to the spot where he had 48 00:03:07,320 --> 00:03:12,120 started Eventually means finally In the end 他可能就 49 00:03:12,120 --> 00:03:17,280 会回到他自己开始的那个地方就是起点 And would of 50 00:03:17,280 --> 00:03:21,540 course be utterly confounded to explain how that had 51 00:03:21,540 --> 00:03:26,820 happened 那如果要叫他解释这是怎么回事他肯定会 52 00:03:26,820 --> 00:03:29,940 Utterly confounded Utterly means 53 00:03:29,940 --> 00:03:31,040 completelycompletely, 54 00:03:31,040 --> 00:03:35,000 totally,confounded,跟 puzzled, 55 00:03:35,020 --> 00:03:39,880 flummoxed 这三个词的意思是相近的它 56 00:03:40,010 --> 00:03:42,750 肯定会目瞪口呆,它肯定会迷惑不解 57 00:03:45,240 --> 00:03:49,520 Well,we're in the same position in space as our puzzled 58 00:03:49,520 --> 00:03:53,960 flatlander only we are flummoxed by a higher dimension 59 00:03:55,440 --> 00:04:01,400 我们在空间中的位置就跟这位迷惑不解的来自平唐宇 60 00:04:01,400 --> 00:04:06,120 宙的这个人一样 Flatlander 指的就是来自一个 61 00:04:06,120 --> 00:04:08,000 Universal Flat Services 62 00:04:08,580 --> 00:04:10,420 这样的一个人只 63 00:04:10,710 --> 00:04:16,230 不过呢我们比这个人还要更疑惑不解脑子更撞不过弯 64 00:04:16,230 --> 00:04:17,770 来 By a higher dimension 65 00:04:18,310 --> 00:04:24,150 之前说过 Dimension 是维度长框高这样一个尺寸 By a 66 00:04:24,150 --> 00:04:28,290 higher dimension 就是指程度上比前面的这个人更高 67 00:04:28,910 --> 00:04:30,250 更是想不通了 68 00:04:31,120 --> 00:04:34,820 大家可以关注一下这三个同义词 confounded, 69 00:04:34,980 --> 00:04:35,700 puzzled, 70 00:04:35,780 --> 00:04:40,480 flogged 在写作的时候如果需要经常表达同一个意思 71 00:04:40,480 --> 00:04:44,900 尽量用不同的词汇不然的话就会显得太单调了 72 00:04:45,860 --> 00:04:49,880 Just as there is no place where you can find the edge of 73 00:04:49,880 --> 00:04:50,400 the universe 74 00:04:50,860 --> 00:04:54,380 So there is no place where you can stand at the center and 75 00:04:54,380 --> 00:04:58,460 say This is where it all began This is the centermost 76 00:04:58,460 --> 00:04:59,460 point of it all 77 00:05:00,260 --> 00:05:05,600 我们无法找到宇宙的边缘同样的道理我们也不可能找 78 00:05:05,600 --> 00:05:10,660 到一个地方站在那儿说这就是宇宙开始的地方这就是 79 00:05:10,660 --> 00:05:12,180 最中心的那个点 80 00:05:12,820 --> 00:05:19,470 Just as so 表示正如前面说的这种情况一样同样的道理 81 00:05:20,540 --> 00:05:25,140 We are all at the center of it all Actually We don't know 82 00:05:25,140 --> 00:05:27,600 that for sure We can't prove it mathematically 83 00:05:29,230 --> 00:05:35,410 可以说我们大家都在宇宙的中心实际上我们也不能确 84 00:05:35,410 --> 00:05:40,410 定这一点因为我们无法在数学上证明它无法通过数学 85 00:05:40,410 --> 00:05:46,260 计算来证明这一点 Scientists just assume that we 86 00:05:46,260 --> 00:05:50,420 can't really be the center of the universe but that the 87 00:05:50,420 --> 00:05:54,120 phenomenon must be the same for all observers in all 88 00:05:54,120 --> 00:05:54,520 places 89 00:05:56,120 --> 00:05:58,960 其实我们并不是真的知道科 90 00:05:59,020 --> 00:06:02,660 学家们他们也只是 assume 他们 91 00:06:02,730 --> 00:06:06,570 只是就这么认为他们这么估计他们觉得 92 00:06:07,350 --> 00:06:10,630 we can't really be the center of the universe 我们不可 93 00:06:10,630 --> 00:06:13,090 能会在宇宙的中心 but 94 00:06:13,220 --> 00:06:18,180 that 那他觉得是什么呢 that but that 这两个都是 95 00:06:18,180 --> 00:06:20,940 assume 的宾语从具他 96 00:06:21,130 --> 00:06:25,130 认为我们不可能是在宇宙的中心他们认为 The 97 00:06:25,130 --> 00:06:28,470 phenomenon must be the same for all observers ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）