第1章 迷失在宇宙中 Lost in the Cosmos · 第5讲S2

1. 讲稿里说空间是弯曲的所以宇宙有限但无边，这听起来好矛盾啊，到底该怎么理解这种‘有限却无边’的概念？
2. 为什么‘诺贝尔奖得主’要翻译成 Nobel Laureate 而不是 Nobel Winner？Laureate 这个词背后的希腊神话故事是啥？
3. Royal Astronomer（皇家天文学家）和 Nobel Laureate（诺贝尔奖得主）都是‘名词+形容词’的结构，英语里还有这种把形容词后置的特殊头衔吗？
4. 为什么讲稿强调不是‘空间在膨胀’而是‘星系在相互远离’？这两者之间到底有啥本质区别？
5. 最后那句‘宇宙不仅比想象的更古怪，而是古怪到无法想象’，用英语地道地表达这种‘超乎意料’的感觉，除了古怪还能咋说？

1. The lecture says space is curved, making the universe finite but boundless. How can something be both finite and boundless at the same time? It sounds so contradictory.
2. Why is 'Nobel Prize winner' translated as 'Nobel Laureate' instead of 'Nobel Winner'? What's the Greek myth story behind the word 'Laureate'?
3. Both 'Royal Astronomer' and 'Nobel Laureate' follow a 'Noun + Adjective' structure. Are there other special titles in English where the adjective is placed after the noun?
4. Why does the lecture emphasize that it's not 'space expanding' but 'galaxies moving apart'? What's the actual difference between these two concepts?
5. For the final quote 'The universe is not only stranger than we suppose, but stranger than we can suppose,' how else can we naturally express this idea of something being 'beyond imagination' in English?

1 00:00:05,940 --> 00:00:08,080 Rather,space curves, 2 00:00:08,460 --> 00:00:11,220 in a way that allows it to be boundless, 3 00:00:11,320 --> 00:00:12,080 but finite. 4 00:00:12,810 --> 00:00:15,990 实际的情况是,空间是弯曲的。 5 00:00:16,410 --> 00:00:19,790 这使得宇宙虽然是无边无际的, 6 00:00:19,870 --> 00:00:21,550 但它又是有限的。 7 00:00:22,220 --> 00:00:25,620 Space cannot even properly be said to be expanding, 8 00:00:25,980 --> 00:00:26,620 because, 9 00:00:26,860 --> 00:00:30,540 as the physicist and Nobel laureate Steven Weinberg 10 00:00:30,540 --> 00:00:38,700 notes,这 11 00:00:39,760 --> 00:00:45,840 句话按字面意思是这样的空间甚至不能被恰当地说成 12 00:00:45,840 --> 00:00:51,880 是在扩张但这样比较别扭比较自然一点的可以这样说 13 00:00:51,880 --> 00:00:52,880 就 14 00:00:53,940 --> 00:01:00,430 连空间是在不断扩张的这种说法都不是非常恰当那这 15 00:01:00,430 --> 00:01:03,900 样就是把一些词性改变了比如说 properly, 16 00:01:03,920 --> 00:01:10,260 我们把它翻译成形容词不是很恰当还有 be 17 00:01:10,450 --> 00:01:11,310 said to be, 18 00:01:11,370 --> 00:01:16,230 这个被动语态的动词我们把它翻译成名词的形式, 19 00:01:16,290 --> 00:01:17,790 就是这种说法 20 00:01:19,400 --> 00:01:19,900 Well, 21 00:01:19,940 --> 00:01:23,480 because as the physicist and Nobel laureate Steven 22 00:01:23,480 --> 00:01:24,620 Weinberg notes 23 00:01:25,460 --> 00:01:27,140 正如物理学家, 24 00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:32,880 也就是诺贝尔奖得主 Steven Weinberg 指出的那样这里 25 00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:37,940 我说一下这个 Nobel Laureate 这个词 Nobel 大家很熟悉 26 00:01:37,940 --> 00:01:43,000 就是诺贝尔而这个 Laureate 我们可以看一下这边它的 27 00:01:43,040 --> 00:01:50,200 名词是 Laurel 就是月桂那 Laureate 意思是带着桂冠的 28 00:01:50,200 --> 00:01:56,460 Laureate 注意它的发音有两个 it 的音不能读作 29 00:01:56,460 --> 00:01:59,560 Laureate 而是 Laureate 30 00:02:01,440 --> 00:02:05,120 正如这位诺贝尔奖得主指出的那样 31 00:02:06,500 --> 00:02:11,470 这两个词的组合方式也比较特殊 Laurate 是形容词可 32 00:02:11,470 --> 00:02:13,380 是却放在 poet 的后面 33 00:02:14,140 --> 00:02:18,380 Nobel Laureate 也是一样形容词反而放在名词的后面 34 00:02:18,380 --> 00:02:23,240 其实类似的例子我们之前也见过就是 Astronomer 35 00:02:23,240 --> 00:02:23,620 Royal 36 00:02:24,140 --> 00:02:29,440 皇家天文学家 Royal 是形容词但是它没有放在 37 00:02:29,440 --> 00:02:33,480 Astronomer 的前面没有说 Royal Astronomer 而是倒过 38 00:02:33,480 --> 00:02:39,820 来这种情况在表示头衔的词汇里边常会出现桂 39 00:02:39,950 --> 00:02:45,550 光诗人是英国设置的一个职位相当于是皇家诗人吧 40 00:02:45,550 --> 00:02:46,490 Now 41 00:02:47,320 --> 00:02:54,520 as to how Laurel came to symbolize honor There is a story 42 00:02:54,520 --> 00:02:56,180 to be told This 43 00:02:57,590 --> 00:03:04,050 is the god of the sun,Apollo 他也是灯光的神。 44 00:03:04,290 --> 00:03:09,090 他恋上了丹妮,但丹妮不想要他的爱。 45 00:03:10,170 --> 00:03:15,710 当丹妮接触了丹妮时,丹妮变成了一棵莲花。 46 00:03:17,710 --> 00:03:23,890 丹妮然后把一些草莓和栗子从莲花栗中摆成了一根 47 00:03:23,890 --> 00:03:23,990 绿。 48 00:03:23,990 --> 00:03:27,110 He wore the wreath in his hair, 49 00:03:27,290 --> 00:03:29,930 declaring his eternal love for Daphne. 50 00:03:30,740 --> 00:03:34,020 Laurel then became the symbol of Apollo, 51 00:03:34,340 --> 00:03:37,020 and also the symbol of great honor. 52 00:03:37,720 --> 00:03:41,680 Laurel is often bestowed to champions and heroes. 53 00:03:42,910 --> 00:03:47,350 This is a coin with a laureate head.This is Napoleon I. 54 00:03:47,610 --> 00:03:51,090 Look at him,he is wearing a wreath of laurel. 55 00:03:51,670 --> 00:03:55,890 This is a laurel wreath.太 56 00:03:56,690 --> 00:04:03,540 阳系和星系本身并不是在膨胀空间本身也不在膨胀我 57 00:04:03,540 --> 00:04:06,360 们可以关注一下 Solar Systems 58 00:04:07,160 --> 00:04:12,480 太阳系为什么会是复数的呢其实 59 00:04:12,840 --> 00:04:17,960 我们不要很狭隘地去理解我们自己说出的那个太阳系 60 00:04:17,960 --> 00:04:23,450 实际上这里说的 Solar Systems 指的就是类似太阳系这 61 00:04:23,450 --> 00:04:30,620 样的恒星系里面有一颗恒星然后还有很多的行星绕着 62 00:04:30,620 --> 00:04:33,340 它转的这样的一个体系而 63 00:04:33,500 --> 00:04:40,680 这个 Galaxy 星系它是级别比太阳系比前面说的恒星系 64 00:04:40,680 --> 00:04:47,360 更大的一个体系我们可以参照我们的银河系在银河系 65 00:04:47,360 --> 00:04:50,420 里面有很多很多的像 66 00:04:50,740 --> 00:04:55,840 我们的太阳系那样的恒星系那这些恒星系就都叫做 67 00:04:55,840 --> 00:04:56,940 solar systems 68 00:04:58,080 --> 00:05:04,370 而 galaxies 就是刚才说像银河系那样但宇宙中还有很 69 00:05:04,370 --> 00:05:09,560 多像银河系这样的星系它们就叫做 galaxies 70 00:05:10,620 --> 00:05:17,360 所以这里准确地说应该是恒星系和星系们它们本身并 71 00:05:17,360 --> 00:05:22,270 没有在膨胀空间本身也没有在膨胀 Rather, 72 00:05:22,470 --> 00:05:25,290 the galaxies are rushing apart 73 00:05:25,930 --> 00:05:34,210 实际的情况是这些星系它们是相互远离它们并不是本 74 00:05:34,210 --> 00:05:37,570 身变大了而是相互远离, 75 00:05:37,590 --> 00:05:39,390 离得越来越远 It 76 00:05:39,460 --> 00:05:41,960 is all something of a challenge to intuition 77 00:05:42,680 --> 00:05:45,240 Intuition 是直觉这 78 00:05:45,270 --> 00:05:51,070 真是对直觉的挑战也就是它实在是违背我们的直觉让 79 00:05:51,070 --> 00:05:53,730 我们觉得实在太不能理解了 80 00:06:13,820 --> 00:06:14,280 或 81 00:06:15,500 --> 00:06:17,700 许就像英国的生物学家 82 00:06:18,180 --> 00:06:23,580 这个 J.B.S.Holden 他曾经说的那句名言 83 00:06:24,160 --> 00:06:28,760 Once famously observed Observed 可以把它理解为是 84 00:06:28,760 --> 00:06:31,760 remarked 他曾经说过的同 85 00:06:31,860 --> 00:06:36,750 样我们在翻译的时候要做一些词性的转换比如说你不 86 00:06:36,750 --> 00:06:42,720 能一直保留这个 f amously 是这种副词的形式你要把它 87 00:06:42,720 --> 00:06:45,640 变成正如他说过的一句名言 88 00:06:47,580 --> 00:06:50,820 The universe is not only clearer than we suppose 89 00:06:51,800 --> 00:06:58,700 宇宙并不只是比我们所想象的更古怪它根本就古怪到 90 00:06:58,700 --> 00:07:00,480 我们无法想象的地步