第1章 迷失在宇宙中 Lost in the Cosmos · 第5讲S1

1. 老师，讲稿里说就算你顽强地一直往外走也到不了宇宙边缘，反而回到原点，这到底是啥意思啊？是因为宇宙有边界撞墙了，还是像圆球一样绕回来了？
2. 文中提到 'put your head through the curtains' 这个比喻，这里的 'curtains' 具体指代的是宇宙的哪个部分？为什么用‘帷幔’这个词而不是直接说‘边缘’？
3. 'pugnaciously' 这个词原意是‘好斗的’，但在这里用来形容往宇宙边缘走，作者为什么选这个词？它和 'indefinitely' 连用想表达一种什么样的状态？
4. 为什么作者说我们永远到不了宇宙边缘，根本原因不是因为‘距离太远’或者‘飞船不够快’，而是提到了爱因斯坦的相对论？这里的 'bends' 到底是怎么弯曲的？
5. 讲稿最后说我们像是在一个 'ever expanding bubble'（不断膨胀的气泡）里漂浮，这和前面说的宇宙会‘弯曲’、‘回到原点’有什么联系吗？这个气泡比喻对理解宇宙形状有啥帮助？

1. Teacher, the script says that even if you travel outward stubbornly, you'll never reach the edge and instead return to the start. What does that mean? Is it because the universe has a boundary and you hit a wall, or is it like a sphere where you circle back?
2. The text mentions 'put your head through the curtains.' What exactly does 'curtains' refer to here? Why use the metaphor of 'curtains' instead of just saying 'edge'?
3. 'Pugnaciously' originally means 'combative' or 'quarrelsome,' but here it describes traveling toward the universe's edge. Why did the author choose this word? What kind of state is it trying to convey when used with 'indefinitely'?
4. Why does the author say we can never reach the universe's edge, not because of 'too great a distance' or 'insufficiently fast spaceships,' but because of Einstein's theory of relativity? How exactly does the universe 'bend' here?
5. The script ends by saying we are floating in an 'ever expanding bubble.' How does this relate to the earlier points about the universe 'bending' and 'returning to the origin'? How does this bubble metaphor help us understand the shape of the universe?

1 00:00:10,510 --> 00:00:13,130 Hello everybody,nice to see you again. 2 00:00:14,610 --> 00:00:17,970 Previously we talked about the universe which is just 3 00:00:17,970 --> 00:00:21,070 right for us,with exactly the right gravity. 4 00:00:21,750 --> 00:00:25,670 Some experts believe that it is because there may have 5 00:00:25,670 --> 00:00:28,850 been many other big bands which produced many other 6 00:00:28,850 --> 00:00:29,310 universes, 7 00:00:29,670 --> 00:00:32,490 but those universes were not right for us. 8 00:00:32,690 --> 00:00:37,370 And finally,there is one which is just right.马 9 00:00:37,790 --> 00:00:40,870 丁瑞斯认为宇宙有很多意义, 10 00:00:41,230 --> 00:00:44,690 而我们在宇宙中属于正确的价值。 11 00:00:45,710 --> 00:00:51,330 他也提到正确的氧化碳转移率。 12 00:00:53,280 --> 00:00:58,040 然后,则谈论三个可能结果, 13 00:00:58,360 --> 00:01:02,040 三个宇宙的缺陷,封闭、 14 00:01:02,140 --> 00:01:03,940 开放和平均。 15 00:01:03,940 --> 00:01:08,300 Now,the question is or, 16 00:01:08,560 --> 00:01:11,100 to put it another way Now, 17 00:01:11,180 --> 00:01:14,960 the question that has occurred to all of us at some point 18 00:01:14,960 --> 00:01:16,460 is What 19 00:01:16,560 --> 00:01:19,900 would happen if you traveled out to the edge of the 20 00:01:19,900 --> 00:01:22,100 universe and,as it were, 21 00:01:22,240 --> 00:01:23,980 put your head through the curtains 22 00:01:26,660 --> 00:01:31,300 说到这儿,咱们每个人迟早都会想到 At 23 00:01:31,650 --> 00:01:34,730 some point means at some time 24 00:01:35,670 --> 00:01:39,230 在某个时刻总会想到这么一个问题 25 00:01:40,710 --> 00:01:43,230 接下来就要先看 Eve 引导的从具 26 00:01:43,770 --> 00:01:46,810 她有两个谓语 Travel out 27 00:01:47,490 --> 00:01:50,130 还有 And put your head through the curtains 28 00:01:51,780 --> 00:01:57,080 如果你一直往宇宙的边缘不断地往外走不断地往外旅 29 00:01:57,080 --> 00:02:03,780 行并且把头伸出到帷幔之外伸出到宇宙的帷幕之外 30 00:02:05,040 --> 00:02:09,160 那么又会发生什么呢 what would happen 那倒过来翻译 31 00:02:09,690 --> 00:02:10,630 as it were 32 00:02:11,290 --> 00:02:12,190 是为了 33 00:02:13,360 --> 00:02:19,500 让语气变得更加的和缓不那么武断相当于是可以这么 34 00:02:19,500 --> 00:02:19,960 说吧 35 00:02:22,140 --> 00:02:25,420 where would your head be if you were no longer in the 36 00:02:25,420 --> 00:02:25,800 universe 37 00:02:26,340 --> 00:02:31,860 那如果你把头伸到帷幕之外的话那是不是可以说你的 38 00:02:31,860 --> 00:02:33,560 头就不在宇宙里面的呢 39 00:02:34,490 --> 00:02:39,730 if it were no longer in the universe 那如果你的头不在 40 00:02:39,730 --> 00:02:42,670 宇宙里边了那你的头又会在哪呢 41 00:02:47,280 --> 00:02:52,500 那你又能看到什么呢 beyond 指的是在什么什么之外也 42 00:02:52,500 --> 00:02:55,140 就是在宇宙之外你又能看到什么 43 00:03:02,340 --> 00:03:05,960 然而回答却是令人失望的 44 00:03:06,340 --> 00:03:10,960 那就是你根本不可能到达宇宙的边缘好了我们说到这 45 00:03:10,960 --> 00:03:12,920 儿大家可能可以想一想 46 00:03:13,500 --> 00:03:15,540 为什么我们不能到达宇宙的边缘 47 00:03:16,120 --> 00:03:20,640 是因为离我们太远了吗我们的有生之年根本不可能到 48 00:03:20,640 --> 00:03:24,940 达还是没有这样的飞行器可以把我们送到那里呢 49 00:03:25,840 --> 00:03:27,460 这都不是作者想说的 50 00:03:28,230 --> 00:03:28,730 他说 51 00:03:34,870 --> 00:03:35,330 他 52 00:03:36,220 --> 00:03:40,440 说我们永远都不可能到达宇宙的边缘但这并不是因为 53 00:03:40,440 --> 00:03:43,740 到达宇宙的边缘要花太长的时间 54 00:03:44,320 --> 00:03:47,360 尽管确实要花很长的时间 55 00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:53,680 那不是这个原因那到底是什么呢所以这里的主干结构 56 00:03:53,680 --> 00:03:58,120 是 That's not because,but because 它不是因为, 57 00:03:58,420 --> 00:03:59,720 而是因为 58 00:04:00,780 --> 00:04:05,540 那而是因为 Even if you traveled outward and outward in 59 00:04:05,540 --> 00:04:10,040 a straight lineindefinitely and pugnaciously you 60 00:04:10,040 --> 00:04:13,500 would never arrive at an outer boundary 那 61 00:04:15,550 --> 00:04:19,130 真正的原因是就算你按 62 00:04:20,160 --> 00:04:24,720 一条直线不断地往外走永无止境, 63 00:04:24,840 --> 00:04:30,900 永不停歇一路一直往前走绝不停下来 pugnaciously 本 64 00:04:30,900 --> 00:04:35,840 来指的是好斗的好仗的好吵嘴的这里指的是那种 65 00:04:36,500 --> 00:04:42,040 顽强的勇往无前的一直往前走绝不停歇的那么 you 66 00:04:42,040 --> 00:04:46,300 would never arrive at an outer boundary 就算是如此你 67 00:04:46,300 --> 00:04:49,240 也永远到不了外太空的边缘 68 00:04:51,350 --> 00:04:54,330 instead you would come back to where you began 69 00:04:55,240 --> 00:05:00,260 到不了边缘相反你会回到原处 at which point 70 00:05:00,260 --> 00:05:00,860 presumably 71 00:05:01,320 --> 00:05:04,040 you would rather lose heart in the exercise and give 72 00:05:04,040 --> 00:05:10,760 uppresume 是预计估计那么 presumably 我估计呢到这 73 00:05:10,760 --> 00:05:14,780 个时候吧 at which point means at this time you would 74 00:05:14,780 --> 00:05:18,660 rather lose heart in the exerciseexercise 是体育锻炼 75 00:05:18,660 --> 00:05:24,200 作者比较风趣地把刚才一直到宇宙的边缘朝着宇宙的 76 00:05:24,200 --> 00:05:26,940 边缘一直跑的这个行为把它说成是一个 77 00:05:27,520 --> 00:05:30,980 那你肯定会灰心丧气,lose heart, 78 00:05:31,160 --> 00:05:32,960 然后就放弃了整个世界。 79 00:05:34,120 --> 00:05:38,880 The reason for this is that the universe bends in a way we 80 00:05:38,880 --> 00:05:40,360 can't adequately imagine, 81 00:05:40,760 --> 00:05:44,240 in conformance with Einstein's theory of relativity, 82 00:05:44,640 --> 00:05:47,180 which we will get to in due course. 83 00:05:49,300 --> 00:05:53,680 原因是宇宙会弯曲,它 84 00:05:54,000 --> 00:05:57,900 这种弯曲的方式是我们无法充分想象的, 85 00:05:57,900 --> 00:06:01,120 Adequate 是充分充足的 In 86 00:06:01,560 --> 00:06:03,520 conformance with 我们 87 00:06:03,910 --> 00:06:08,730 先看一下这个 conformconform 是一个动词后面经常跟 88 00:06:08,730 --> 00:06:14,010 上 to 或者 with It means to obey a law or to obey a rule For 89 00:06:14,200 --> 00:06:17,480 example All new buildings must conform with the 90 00:06:17,480 --> 00:06:22,300 regional development plan 所有的新建筑都必须遵守 91 00:06:22,300 --> 00:06:24,740 地区发展规划 Or 92 00:06:24,840 --> 00:06:27,740 products which conform to international safety 93 00:06:27,740 --> 00:06:28,240 standards 94 00:06:29,340 --> 00:06:32,900 符合国际安全标准的产品 95 00:06:36,760 --> 00:06:37,640 根据 96 00:06:38,440 --> 00:06:41,120 爱因斯坦的相对论 97 00:06:41,710 --> 00:06:46,390 作者括号后面又说了一句补充了一句爱因斯坦的相对 98 00:06:46,390 --> 00:06:50,330 论我们到时候还会再提到还会再详细地说 which will 99 00:06:50,330 --> 00:06:54,410 get to in due course in due course 就是指到时候 100 00:06:55, ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）