第1章 迷失在宇宙中 Lost in the Cosmos · 第4讲S2

1. 老师，讲稿里说 'Had gravity been a trifle stronger' 是假设，为什么这里要把 'Had' 提到最前面，是不是可以省略 'if' 啊？
2. 这里有个词 'coalesced' 我没太懂，讲稿说如果重力弱一点，物质就无法 'coalesced'，这个词具体是什么意思？和 'combine' 有啥区别？
3. 讲稿里提到 'span' 这个词，既可以是 'wing span'（翼展）也可以是 'attention span'（注意力），那在 'the mighty span of eternity' 这里，它具体指的是什么？
4. 为什么专家会说 'we exist in this particular one' 是因为 'this is one we could exist in'？是不是说只有这个宇宙的条件刚好适合我们，其他的都不行？
5. 讲稿最后提到数以兆计的 'big bangs'，这跟 'multiverse'（多重宇宙）理论有关系吗？是不是因为宇宙太多，所以总有一个刚好适合人类生存？

1. Teacher, the script says 'Had gravity been a trifle stronger' is a hypothesis. Why is 'Had' moved to the front here? Can we just omit 'if'?
2. I didn't quite get the word 'coalesced'. The script says matter couldn't 'coalesced' if gravity were weaker. What exactly does this word mean? How is it different from 'combine'?
3. The script mentions the word 'span', which can mean 'wing span' or 'attention span'. In the phrase 'the mighty span of eternity', what does it specifically refer to?
4. Why do experts say 'we exist in this particular one' because 'this is one we could exist in'? Does that mean only this universe's conditions are suitable for us, while others are not?
5. The script mentions billions of 'big bangs' at the end. Is this related to the 'multiverse' theory? Is it saying that because there are so many universes, one just happens to be perfect for human survival?

1 00:00:06,060 --> 00:00:08,080 Had gravity been a trifle stronger, 2 00:00:08,460 --> 00:00:12,360 the universe itself might have collapsed like a badly 3 00:00:12,360 --> 00:00:13,420 erected tent, 4 00:00:13,720 --> 00:00:17,460 without precisely the right values to give it the right 5 00:00:17,460 --> 00:00:20,260 dimensions and density and component parts. 6 00:00:21,450 --> 00:00:23,850 Had gravity been a trifle stronger, 7 00:00:24,890 --> 00:00:25,670 这是一个假设。 8 00:00:26,730 --> 00:00:31,410 如果重力稍微强那么一点点的话 a travel means a 9 00:00:31,410 --> 00:00:31,830 little bit 10 00:00:32,590 --> 00:00:39,510 那么宇宙呢就会像一顶没有搭好的帐篷一样塌下来 11 00:00:39,510 --> 00:00:44,290 collapse 倒塌 erectederect 12 00:00:44,490 --> 00:00:50,270 指的是立起来建起来这里就是搭建起来 with 13 00:00:51,610 --> 00:00:54,470 out precisely the right values to give it the right 14 00:00:54,470 --> 00:00:57,270 dimensions and density and component parts 15 00:00:58,080 --> 00:01:05,360 为什么会倒塌下来呢因为没有非常精确的刚刚好的一 16 00:01:05,360 --> 00:01:11,460 套的数据一套的参数使得它这个 it 指的是 universe 使 17 00:01:11,460 --> 00:01:13,000 得宇宙能够拥有 18 00:01:14,270 --> 00:01:15,770 刚好的 right 19 00:01:16,610 --> 00:01:24,100 恰好的尺寸还有密度以及组成部分 density 这个词我 20 00:01:24,100 --> 00:01:25,540 们可以看一下 Dense, 21 00:01:27,620 --> 00:01:34,640 形容词是稠密那么 density 就是密度 Component, 22 00:01:34,920 --> 00:01:38,220 也许大家知道它的动词 Compose, 23 00:01:38,260 --> 00:01:43,040 组成可能还熟悉一个词组 Be composed of, 24 00:01:43,080 --> 00:01:46,140 由什么什么组成那么 component, 25 00:01:46,340 --> 00:01:50,400 这里是它的形容词 Component parts, 26 00:01:50,720 --> 00:01:58,150 组成部分 Had it been weaker, 27 00:01:58,410 --> 00:01:58,850 however 28 00:02:02,420 --> 00:02:06,820 这个 it 指的是 gravity 我们 29 00:02:07,170 --> 00:02:11,390 可以联系上面的这个句子 had gravity been a travel 30 00:02:11,390 --> 00:02:15,050 stronger 现在是 had gravity been weaker 31 00:02:16,270 --> 00:02:21,830 其实这是相互指代的 it 指的是 gravity 那么如果重力 32 00:02:21,830 --> 00:02:25,370 稍微弱一点的话情况又会怎样呢 33 00:02:25,500 --> 00:02:31,870 Nothing would have coalesced Coalesced 是聚合聚拢那 34 00:02:31,870 --> 00:02:36,080 么也就什么也都无法聚拢在一起物 35 00:02:36,240 --> 00:02:43,180 质无法聚拢当然也就无法形成恒星啊行星啊等等 The 36 00:02:43,180 --> 00:02:47,520 universe would have remained forever a dull scattered 37 00:02:47,520 --> 00:02:54,590 void 那么宇宙将永远是一个缺乏活力的 dull 38 00:02:56,050 --> 00:02:56,570 就是 39 00:02:56,730 --> 00:03:03,640 缺乏活力的 scattered 指的是物质没有聚拢的那种状 40 00:03:03,640 --> 00:03:08,860 态分散的四散的这种一个虚空的状态 41 00:03:11,660 --> 00:03:16,260 这两个句子 had gravity been 还有 had it been weaker 这 42 00:03:16,260 --> 00:03:21,440 两个句子呢结构是一样的它也是虚拟语气跟 43 00:03:21,500 --> 00:03:27,060 我们上一页见到的两句是相同的但是又有所不同因为 44 00:03:27,060 --> 00:03:29,420 这两句的虚拟语气它 45 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:33,400 都是倒装的我们来看一下虚拟语气的倒装 46 00:03:35,220 --> 00:03:36,740 这是我们看到的句子 47 00:03:45,580 --> 00:03:48,540 正常的顺序应该是这样的 48 00:03:53,340 --> 00:03:55,460 主句的部分是一样的 49 00:03:56,370 --> 00:04:02,510 所以我们可以看到它就是把这个 had 提到前面 if 不见 50 00:04:02,510 --> 00:04:05,430 了其他部分不变再 51 00:04:06,070 --> 00:04:10,650 看这句 had it been weaker however nothing would have 52 00:04:10,650 --> 00:04:12,490 coalesced if 53 00:04:13,230 --> 00:04:14,910 it had been weaker 54 00:04:16,400 --> 00:04:23,600 也是一样把 had 提前 if 就不见了其他不变这就是虚拟 55 00:04:23,600 --> 00:04:25,400 语气的道庄 This 56 00:04:27,640 --> 00:04:30,080 is one reason some experts believe 57 00:04:45,440 --> 00:04:45,920 前 58 00:04:46,400 --> 00:04:52,240 文说到如果宇宙的形成稍稍有一些不同那么我们就不 59 00:04:52,240 --> 00:04:55,880 可能能够生存在这个宇宙中这 60 00:04:56,460 --> 00:05:01,610 一点想起来真是有点不同寻常那正是这个原因正是因 61 00:05:01,610 --> 00:05:07,440 为如此所以很多的专家就相信肯 62 00:05:08,240 --> 00:05:13,540 定可能还有很多其他的大爆炸这个 63 00:05:13,890 --> 00:05:17,630 大爆炸的数量要数以兆计这么 64 00:05:18,180 --> 00:05:21,280 多 spread through the mighty span of eternity 65 00:05:21,860 --> 00:05:22,420 不 66 00:05:22,860 --> 00:05:27,760 妨看一下这个 spread 看过去像是动词原形但 67 00:05:27,800 --> 00:05:31,220 实际上不是它是过去分词就是 68 00:05:31,340 --> 00:05:39,080 遍布在永恒的宇宙当中 mighty span of eternityspan 69 00:05:39,080 --> 00:05:40,300 usually 70 00:05:40,490 --> 00:05:45,590 means a period of time or a distance between two points 71 00:05:45,590 --> 00:05:49,950 比如 the span of a bridge 桥 72 00:05:50,460 --> 00:05:56,400 梁的跨度叫 span of a bridgewing span 飞 73 00:05:56,720 --> 00:06:03,960 机的翼掌或者鸟类的翼掌就是它的翅膀张开两旁的两 74 00:06:03,960 --> 00:06:09,110 点连成一线的距离 Wing span Attention span 指的是注 75 00:06:09,110 --> 00:06:14,440 意长度比如说小孩的 Attention span 就非常短所以幼 76 00:06:14,440 --> 00:06:18,700 儿园的时候呢一节课只有 20 分钟因为他们不能很长时 77 00:06:18,700 --> 00:06:19,760 间集中注意力 78 00:06:20,880 --> 00:06:21,840 Life span 79 00:06:22,380 --> 00:06:24,100 寿命所以 80 00:06:24,480 --> 00:06:29,040 这个 span 指的是一段时间那现在这个 span 不是一小段 81 00:06:29,040 --> 00:06:34,060 时间而是 The mighty spanmighty means great the 82 00:06:34,440 --> 00:06:35,780 mighty span of eternity 83 00:06:36,700 --> 00:06:43,250 永恒 eternity 的形容词是 eternaleternal means 84 00:06:43,250 --> 00:06:50,950 having no endendlesseternal life 永生 eternal truth 85 00:06:50,950 --> 00:06:55,830 就是不朽的永恒的真理 ok 86 00:06:57,940 --> 00:06:59,060 and 87 00:06:59,900 --> 00:07:03,700 that the reason we exist in this particular one is that 88 00:07:03,700 --> 00:07:09,220 this is one we could exist in 好现在要看到这个 and that 89 00:07:10,260 --> 00:07:13,240 它跟前面的这个 that 是并列的 90 00:07:13,950 --> 00:07:14,430 所以呢 91 00:07:15,530 --> 00:07:16,970 one reason that 92 00:07:17,550 --> 00:07:22,990 这个 reason 我们可以说后面带着两个的同归于从句第 93 00:07:22,990 --> 00:07:24,090 一个就是这儿 94 00:07:24,830 --> 00:07:31,550 就是很多的专家相信肯定还有很多其他的大爆炸数以 95 00:07:31,550 --> 00:07:38,170 兆计的大爆炸遍布在永无止境的永恒的宇宙当中 And 96 00:07:38,460 --> 00:07:42,580 that's the reason we exist in this particular one 那我 97 00:07:42,580 --> 00:07:48,540 们为什么会出现在会生活在我们现在这个宇宙中呢那 98 00:07:48,540 --> 00:07:53,240 是因为我们只能生活在这其中这个正好是我们可以生 99 00:07:53,240 --> 00:07:58,900 活的而其他的宇宙条件都不适合所以 100 00:07:59,500 --> 00:08:04,900 前面说到为什么这宇宙就这么刚好这么合适如果 101 00:08:05,420 --> 00:08:09,400 总共只有一个宇宙的话它凭什么就这么合适这么适合 102 00:08:09,400 --> 00:08 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）