第1章 迷失在宇宙中 Lost in the Cosmos · 第3讲S5

1. 老师，讲稿里说引力是 'the stuff of physics'（物理世界的原材料），这到底是什么意思呀？为啥它算是最基础的‘料’呢？
2. 文中提到强核力和弱核力，这两个‘核力’具体是管啥的呀？它们对原子核内部到底起了什么作用？
3. 作者用 'a swarm of elementary particles' 来形容基本粒子的大批出现，为啥要用形容蜜蜂的 'swarm' 这个词，而不是简单的 'many' 呢？
4. 为什么在引力（Gravity）出现后，其他三种力（电磁力、强弱核力）是紧接着 'joined by' 加入进来的？这个 'joined' 在时间顺序上暗示了什么？
5. 文中说基本粒子是 'the stuff of stuff'（材料的材料），那有了这些质子、中子之后，它们是怎么一步步变成我们看到的桌子、椅子这些物质的呀？

1. Teacher, the transcript says gravity is 'the stuff of physics.' What does that actually mean? Why is it considered the most basic 'material'?
2. The text mentions strong and weak nuclear forces. What exactly do these two forces do? How do they affect the inside of an atomic nucleus?
3. The author uses 'a swarm of elementary particles' to describe the emergence of basic particles. Why use 'swarm' (usually for bees) instead of just 'many'?
4. Why did the other three forces (electromagnetism, strong and weak nuclear forces) 'join' gravity shortly after it appeared? What does this 'joined' imply about the timeline?
5. The text says elementary particles are 'the stuff of stuff.' So, after protons and neutrons formed, how did they eventually build up to the objects we see, like tables and chairs?

1 00:00:17,020 --> 00:00:24,660 根据 Guth 的理论,在经过了仅仅一兆分之一秒的、 2 00:00:24,720 --> 00:00:28,070 一兆分之一的、一兆分之一的、 3 00:00:28,090 --> 00:00:30,410 一千万分之一的时间以后, 4 00:00:30,410 --> 00:00:33,410 Gravity emerged 5 00:00:34,700 --> 00:00:41,360 引力就出现了引力也就是万有引力指的是宇宙间任何 6 00:00:41,360 --> 00:00:48,020 两个有质量的物体之间的相互的引力正是因为有了这 7 00:00:48,020 --> 00:00:52,820 个 Gravity 我们才可以站在地球上而不会被甩到太空 8 00:00:52,820 --> 00:00:55,310 中去出现了 9 00:00:56,700 --> 00:01:01,260 After another ludicrously brief interval It was 10 00:01:01,260 --> 00:01:05,560 joined by electromagnetism and the strong and weak 11 00:01:05,560 --> 00:01:09,560 nuclear forces,the stuff of physics 在 12 00:01:11,390 --> 00:01:17,870 经历了另外一个短的可笑的刹那之后 Rudiculously, 13 00:01:18,170 --> 00:01:23,750 有点像是 Ridiculously Rudiculous 相当于是 14 00:01:23,750 --> 00:01:26,630 Ridiculous or Absurd 荒唐的, 15 00:01:26,650 --> 00:01:29,270 可笑的,那么短 0. 16 00:01:29,430 --> 00:01:35,590 000 都写不完那么多的零至一秒这么短的一个数字听 17 00:01:35,590 --> 00:01:37,450 起来都让人觉得有点可笑了 18 00:01:38,380 --> 00:01:41,400 所以在另外一个短的可笑的片刻之后 19 00:01:41,400 --> 00:01:46,550 intervalinterval means a period of timebefore two 20 00:01:46,550 --> 00:01:50,250 happenings 就两个事物之间的两个事件之间的 21 00:01:51,050 --> 00:01:52,410 短暂的一个间隔 22 00:01:54,110 --> 00:01:57,450 我们这里就可以把它想成就是一个 momentafter 23 00:01:57,450 --> 00:02:02,740 another ludicrously brief moment It was joined by 24 00:02:02,740 --> 00:02:06,860 electromagnetism and strong and weak nuclear forces 25 00:02:06,860 --> 00:02:12,010 It 这个代词指代的是什么呢 It 26 00:02:12,500 --> 00:02:16,320 指代的是 gravity The gravity was joined by 27 00:02:16,600 --> 00:02:21,860 意思是先出现了 gravity 然后还有其他的力加入到其 28 00:02:21,860 --> 00:02:24,360 中去 Electromagnetism 29 00:02:24,420 --> 00:02:31,770 electro 是电 magnet 磁合起来是电磁力 Nuclear 30 00:02:32,720 --> 00:02:38,660 在第一课的时候介绍过原子的结构图说到中间的原子 31 00:02:38,660 --> 00:02:42,760 核英文就是 Nucle us Nuclear 就是它的形容词 32 00:02:43,360 --> 00:02:50,720 所以这个是核力原子核的核强核力和弱核力那这 33 00:02:50,880 --> 00:02:54,700 几种力它们都是 The stuff of physics 34 00:02:55,260 --> 00:02:58,100 是整个物理世界的原材料 35 00:02:59,120 --> 00:03:00,340 为什么这么说呢 36 00:03:01,210 --> 00:03:03,550 因为 Gravity,Electromagnetism, 37 00:03:03,570 --> 00:03:05,290 Strong and Weak Nuclear Forces 38 00:03:05,830 --> 00:03:12,550 这些正好就是宇宙间四种基本作用力宇宙间的万物都 39 00:03:12,550 --> 00:03:18,110 是在这四种基本作用力的基础上构建起来的 Gravity, 40 00:03:18,530 --> 00:03:19,330 引力, 41 00:03:19,650 --> 00:03:25,010 也就是万有引力它是指任何两个有质量的物体之间的 42 00:03:25,010 --> 00:03:30,810 吸引力正是因为有了引力才能够形成星系像太阳系就 43 00:03:30,810 --> 00:03:35,570 是因为有太阳这么一个巨大的天体产生的极大的引力 44 00:03:35,570 --> 00:03:39,270 使得其他所有的天体都绕着它转 45 00:03:40,470 --> 00:03:45,910 而且因为有了引力我们才可以站在地球上而不会被甩 46 00:03:45,910 --> 00:03:47,930 到太空中去电 47 00:03:49,150 --> 00:03:56,880 磁力存在于电子之间它使得固体具有硬度产生磁性 48 00:03:57,380 --> 00:04:02,180 还有发光现象也跟电磁力有关系它主宰一切的化学变 49 00:04:02,180 --> 00:04:02,440 化 50 00:04:03,180 --> 00:04:09,100 强核力呢作用于原子核内部把中子和质子结合在一起 51 00:04:09,100 --> 00:04:10,420 形成原子核 52 00:04:11,100 --> 00:04:13,020 弱核力是 53 00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:20,060 引起放射性元素衰变的一种力它能够在它的作用下 54 00:04:20,820 --> 00:04:27,260 放射性元素能够释放出电子自己变成了另外一种元素 55 00:04:27,260 --> 00:04:31,580 所以弱核力为核反应创造的条件 56 00:04:41,210 --> 00:04:47,460 我们可以看到作者分了三段来说首先是 gravity 57 00:04:48,090 --> 00:04:52,360 接下去呢 it was joined by electromagnetism and strong 58 00:04:52,360 --> 00:04:56,400 and weak nuclear forces 再接下来呢 these were joined 59 00:04:56,400 --> 00:05:01,960 by swarms of elementary particles 最后出现的是基本 60 00:05:01,960 --> 00:05:05,060 粒子而这基本例子是 61 00:05:05,160 --> 00:05:11,200 swarm 大批大批的出现 swarm 这个词经常本来我们都是 62 00:05:11,200 --> 00:05:13,120 指 a swarm of bees 63 00:05:14,220 --> 00:05:19,760 就是一群的蜜蜂这样表示一群的这种数量众多的昆虫 64 00:05:19,760 --> 00:05:21,420 的时候会用到这个 swarm 65 00:05:23,330 --> 00:05:28,570 那这里说的是基本例子是大批大批的出现 elementary 66 00:05:28,570 --> 00:05:30,890 是指基本的 67 00:05:31,430 --> 00:05:37,290 首要的基础的比如呢小学就叫 elementary school 68 00:05:37,890 --> 00:05:43,180 就是基础教育嘛 elementary schoolparticles 69 00:05:43,320 --> 00:05:49,590 粒子那基本粒子指的是什么呢比如说质子啊 70 00:05:50,650 --> 00:05:52,750 辫子啊这些它 71 00:05:53,480 --> 00:06:00,530 形成事物就是形成材料的材料 the stuff of stuffstuff 72 00:06:00,530 --> 00:06:05,270 本身就是原材料了那么 stuff of stuff 要先有了这些基 73 00:06:05,270 --> 00:06:11,130 本例子才可以形成不同的分子才可以形成不同的物质 74 00:06:11,130 --> 00:06:12,050 From 75 00:06:12,880 --> 00:06:17,160 nothing at allsuddenly there were swarms of 76 00:06:17,160 --> 00:06:19,720 fountainsprotons,electrons, 77 00:06:20,280 --> 00:06:27,200 neutrons and much elsebetween 10 to the power of 79 and 78 00:06:27,200 --> 00:06:31,840 10 to the power of 89 of eachaccording to the standard 79 00:06:31,840 --> 00:06:33,760 Big Bang theory 刚 80 00:06:35,880 --> 00:06:39,340 开始什么也没有 Nothing at all 81 00:06:40,530 --> 00:06:47,900 就有了大批的 Photons 光子还有 Protons 质子电子 82 00:06:47,980 --> 00:06:55,970 中子还有很多很多 Between 10 to the power of 79 and 10 to 83 00:06:55,970 --> 00:06:59,490 the power of 89 of each Each 84 00:06:59,510 --> 00:07:07,170 指的就是前面的这些种类每一种数量都多大呢 10 的 79 85 00:07:07,170 --> 00:07:08,870 次方或 86 00:07:09,030 --> 00:07:14,830 10 的 89 次方之间都是以如此巨大的数量出现的 87 00:07:14,830 --> 00:07:17,750 According to the Standard Big Bang Theory