第1章 迷失在宇宙中 Lost in the Cosmos · 第2讲

1. 讲稿里说 'much of what we think we know' 用过去式 'think' 而后面是 'thought we've known'，这俩并列结构里的时态不一样，是不是因为作者想强调我们以前以为知道但现在发现是错的？
2. 文中提到射电天文学家 Arnold Penzias 和 Robert Wilson 发现宇宙微波背景辐射时，为什么强调这是一个 'inadvertent'（无意）的发现？他们当时具体在做什么导致噪音干扰？
3. 老师解释了 'kicking around' 表示想法刚开始被提出，那 'active notion' 又是什么意思？为什么大爆炸理论从1920年代就有，直到1960年代才变成 'active' 的？
4. 两位天文学家为了消除噪音做了超多动作，比如 'wiggled wires' 和 'dusted plugs'，这些具体的动词描写对表现他们当时的状态有什么作用？
5. 为什么离贝尔实验室只有30英里的普林斯顿大学团队没发现这个噪音，而贝尔实验室的天文学家却困扰了一年？这说明了科学发现中的什么现象？

1. The text says 'much of what we think we know' uses the present tense 'think' but the parallel part is 'thought we've known' in the past tense. Is this tense difference used to emphasize that what we thought we knew before is now proven wrong?
2. The text emphasizes that the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation by Arnold Penzias and Robert Wilson was 'inadvertent'. What exactly were they doing at the time that caused this noise interference?
3. The teacher explained that 'kicking around' means an idea was just starting to be proposed. So what does 'active notion' mean? Why did the Big Bang theory, which existed since the 1920s, only become 'active' in the 1960s?
4. The two astronomers did many specific actions to eliminate noise, like 'wiggled wires' and 'dusted plugs'. How do these specific verb descriptions help portray their state at that time?
5. Why didn't the team at Princeton University, only 30 miles away from Bell Labs, notice this noise, while the Bell Lab astronomers were troubled by it for a year? What phenomenon in scientific discovery does this illustrate?

1 00:00:12,500 --> 00:00:14,520 嗨,大家好,欢迎回来。 2 00:00:15,820 --> 00:00:18,820 在我们之前的设计中,我们 3 00:00:18,980 --> 00:00:23,080 想象了一个非常小的空间里面的磁铁。 4 00:00:23,610 --> 00:00:26,930 然后,我们把一瓶磁铁或一切在那里的物质包装进去。 5 00:00:28,420 --> 00:00:30,460 然后,我们有一个单位。 6 00:00:31,220 --> 00:00:33,680 然后,宇宙开始从单位, 7 00:00:34,240 --> 00:00:37,180 而 98 的所有物质在那里, 8 00:00:37,460 --> 00:00:40,380 在第一三分钟中生成。 9 00:00:40,360 --> 00:00:43,360 But when and why did this happen? 10 00:00:44,020 --> 00:00:47,560 It is still unknown In today's lesson, 11 00:00:47,720 --> 00:00:51,740 we are going to explore how scientists discovered the 12 00:00:51,740 --> 00:00:53,560 proof of the Big Bang 13 00:00:54,550 --> 00:00:56,550 Now here we go There 14 00:00:56,800 --> 00:01:00,800 is of course a great deal we don't know And much of what we 15 00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:01,600 think we know, 16 00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:04,680 we haven't known or thought we've known for long 17 00:01:05,280 --> 00:01:09,420 Even the notion of the Big Bang is quite a recent one The 18 00:01:09,420 --> 00:01:13,320 idea had been kicking around since the 1920s, 19 00:01:13,360 --> 00:01:16,820 when Georges Lema tre,a Belgian priest scholar, 20 00:01:17,100 --> 00:01:19,340 first tentatively proposed it. 21 00:01:19,460 --> 00:01:22,660 But it didn't really become an active notion in 22 00:01:22,660 --> 00:01:25,860 cosmology until the mid 1960s, 23 00:01:25,860 --> 00:01:29,020 when two young radio astronomers made an 24 00:01:29,020 --> 00:01:32,300 extraordinary and inadvertent discovery. 25 00:01:34,050 --> 00:01:38,170 第一句是 and 连接的两个并列句前 26 00:01:38,240 --> 00:01:44,740 面的部分结构简单就是其实还有很多细节还有很多东 27 00:01:44,740 --> 00:01:46,180 西我们并不了解 28 00:01:47,160 --> 00:01:52,260 现在我们主要看后面的这一句 much of what we think we 29 00:01:52,260 --> 00:01:52,640 know 30 00:01:53,760 --> 00:01:58,500 we haven't known for long 这个部分先不看其实 31 00:01:58,540 --> 00:01:59,800 呢 we haven't known 32 00:02:00,590 --> 00:02:05,450 才是这个句子的主干的部分那么它的宾语是什么呢就 33 00:02:05,450 --> 00:02:11,500 是 much of what we think we know 这是一个导装其实有很 34 00:02:11,500 --> 00:02:17,650 多我们以为我们认为我们知道的东西我们也是心静不 35 00:02:17,650 --> 00:02:23,070 久才了解到的我们也并不是长久以来就已经知道的那 36 00:02:23,070 --> 00:02:27,310 现在这个部分又是什么呢它跟什么是并列的呢因为有 37 00:02:27,310 --> 00:02:31,710 一个 or 我们就可以寻找跟它并列的成分跟 38 00:02:31,870 --> 00:02:32,810 它并列的就是 39 00:02:33,590 --> 00:02:34,930 think we know 40 00:02:35,700 --> 00:02:40,240 所以实际上这个句子应该是这样理解的它的主干是 we 41 00:02:40,240 --> 00:02:42,980 haven't known something for long 42 00:02:43,680 --> 00:02:50,540 也就是有某些东西呢我们也是才刚刚了解不久才刚刚 43 00:02:50,540 --> 00:02:55,720 知道的我们并不是很早以前就明白的那么这里说的某 44 00:02:55,720 --> 00:03:00,700 些东西也就是 we haven't known 的宾语其实有两个第一 45 00:03:00,700 --> 00:03:02,780 个就是 what we think we know 46 00:03:03,550 --> 00:03:09,050 我们认为自己知道的我们认为自己已经了解的还有 47 00:03:09,240 --> 00:03:15,620 一个就是或者我们以为自己知道为什么要用过去式呢 48 00:03:15,620 --> 00:03:22,120 因为我们曾经以为但是现在因为科学的更多的发现发 49 00:03:22,120 --> 00:03:27,200 现原来的想法是错的所以现在已经不这么想了所以 50 00:03:27,650 --> 00:03:29,310 这里可以用要用过去式, 51 00:03:29,370 --> 00:03:31,710 or thought we've known 好了, 52 00:03:31,830 --> 00:03:36,870 回到这边的句子排成正常的顺序应该是 We haven't 53 00:03:36,870 --> 00:03:40,310 known much of what we think we know or thought we've 54 00:03:40,310 --> 00:03:43,730 known for long 作者把它倒装, 55 00:03:43,810 --> 00:03:48,930 这样重新排一下是为了起到一个强调的作用 Even the 56 00:03:48,930 --> 00:03:54,210 notion of the Big Bang is quite a recent one 就算是大爆 57 00:03:54,210 --> 00:03:58,310 炸理论也并不是一个很悠久的理论了 It's quite a 58 00:03:58,310 --> 00:03:59,870 recent one The 59 00:04:00,030 --> 00:04:04,330 idea had been kicking around since the 1920s 在 60 00:04:04,460 --> 00:04:08,280 20 世纪的 20 年代那个 61 00:04:08,400 --> 00:04:14,080 时候起呢就已经开始有了这个大爆炸理论的苗头有了 62 00:04:14,080 --> 00:04:19,780 一些想法一些 ide a Kicking around 就是指开始有动静 63 00:04:19,780 --> 00:04:25,900 了开始被提出来了那个时候呢是由一个 Ge orges 64 00:04:25,900 --> 00:04:34,280 Lemaitre 是一位比利时的牧师学者提出的他当时提出 65 00:04:34,280 --> 00:04:34,940 的时候也是 66 00:04:37,940 --> 00:04:43,660 试探性的试验性的提出了这个想法 Tentatively It 67 00:04:43,660 --> 00:04:48,340 means you're not sure of it Not definite or certain or 68 00:04:48,340 --> 00:04:50,320 maybe changed later 69 00:04:51,400 --> 00:04:55,140 比如说 Tentative measures 是验性的措施 70 00:04:56,200 --> 00:05:00,780 好了他当时提出这个 ide a 的时候 It didn't really 71 00:05:00,780 --> 00:05:03,740 become an active notion in cosmology 72 00:05:04,380 --> 00:05:10,420 当时并没有引起多少的重视所以这个 ide a 并没有成为 73 00:05:10,420 --> 00:05:13,520 宇宙学的一个 active notion 74 00:05:14,560 --> 00:05:20,160 notion 就相当于是 ide a 并不是一个活跃的概念这 75 00:05:20,610 --> 00:05:31,760 种情况直到 1960 年代中期才有了改变 76 00:05:31,760 --> 00:05:34,850 那这个时候发生了什么事情呢 77 00:05:41,310 --> 00:05:47,610 因为这个时代这个时候有两位年轻的射电天文学家有 78 00:05:47,610 --> 00:05:52,530 了一个非同寻常的但是又是无意为之的发现 79 00:05:54,730 --> 00:06:00,570 Radio 就是无线电指电磁波在空气中的传播 80 00:06:01,150 --> 00:06:05,390 Radioastronomist 射电天文学家在 81 00:06:05,550 --> 00:06:11,670 射电天文学出现之前天文学家观测宇宙主要是靠光学 82 00:06:11,670 --> 00:06:12,410 望远镜 83 00:06:12,950 --> 00:06:19,290 但是光的传播会受到空气还有距离的影响比如说遇到 84 00:06:19,290 --> 00:06:22,250 很多尘埃的时候就会看不清 85 00:06:22,850 --> 00:06:28,030 所以是有一定的局限那射电天文学家呢他们使用天线 86 00:06:28,030 --> 00:06:33,050 来接收宇宙中的一些电磁波就可以说使我们观测的范 87 00:06:33,050 --> 00:06:38,440 围就更大了 Inadvertent 是指 88 00:06:39,970 --> 00:06:46,670 像是无心插柳柳成音那样完全并不是一开始就要去寻 89 00:06:46,670 --> 00:06:50,530 找这个东西的是无意间发现的他们 90 00:06:52,840 --> 00:06:59,510 的名字是 Arnold Pan the us 和 Robert Wilson 在 1965 年他 91 00:06:59,510 --> 00:07:05,720 们正在尝试使用一个大型传输 antennas 在 Holmd or, 92 00:07:05,940 --> 00:07:10,060 纽约的 Bell Laboratories 但他们受到一种不断的背景 93 00:07:10,060 --> 00:07:12,100 声音一种稳定的, 94 00:07:12,120 --> 00:07:19,680 滑稳的响声使任何试验工作都不可能声音不断的, 95 00:07:19,820 --> 00:07:23,480 不集中 It came from every point in the sky, 96 00:07:23,680 --> 00:07:31,540 day and night,through every season1965 年, 97 00:07:31,640 --> 00:07:36,050 这两位天文学家,他们 trying to make use of, 98 00:07:36,130 --> 00:07:39,040 make use of 是利 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）