第1章 迷失在宇宙中 Lost in the Cosmos · 第2讲S2

1. 讲稿里说他们把天线里的白色绝缘物质扫干净了，结果发现其实就是鸟屎，这俩词在语境里到底有啥区别？为啥作者要特意提这个？
2. 文中提到他们用了'scrubbing brushes'而不是普通的'brushes'，这两个词在指代刷子时，具体有什么区别？
3. 文中出现了两个'that'引导的句子：'an idea that had been suggested...'和'...Gamow that if you look...'，这两个that从句在语法功能上是一样的吗？
4. 既然迪基团队（Dickey's team）在寻找宇宙背景辐射，而彭齐亚斯和威尔逊（Penzias and Wilson）却在拼命想消除噪音，为什么他们俩在找的东西其实是同一个？
5. 作者特意解释了'Duct tape'最初叫'Duck tape'是因为鸭子羽毛防水，这个冷知识对理解科学家当时的行为有什么帮助吗？

1. The transcript says they swept away the white dielectric material from the antenna, only to find out it was actually bird shit. What's the difference between these two terms in this context, and why does the author mention it?
2. The text mentions they used 'scrubbing brushes' instead of just 'brushes'. What's the specific difference between these two words when referring to brushes?
3. There are two 'that' clauses in the text: 'an idea that had been suggested...' and '...Gamow that if you look...'. Are these two clauses the same grammatically?
4. Since Dickey's team was looking for cosmic background radiation while Penzias and Wilson were trying to eliminate noise, why were they actually looking for the exact same thing?
5. The author explains that 'Duct tape' was originally called 'Duck tape' because duck feathers are waterproof. How does this trivia help us understand the scientists' actions at that time?

1 00:00:05,840 --> 00:00:06,640 For a year, 2 00:00:06,780 --> 00:00:09,720 the young astronomers did everything they could think 3 00:00:09,720 --> 00:00:13,040 of to track down and eliminate the noise. 4 00:00:13,320 --> 00:00:16,120 They tested every electrical system, 5 00:00:16,360 --> 00:00:17,760 they rebuilt instruments, 6 00:00:18,380 --> 00:00:20,900 checked circuits,wiggled wires, 7 00:00:21,300 --> 00:00:22,400 dusted plugs. 8 00:00:22,740 --> 00:00:26,840 They climbed into the dish and placed duct tape over 9 00:00:26,840 --> 00:00:30,480 every seam and rivet.They climbed back into the dish 10 00:00:30,480 --> 00:00:34,460 with brooms and scrubbing brushes and carefully swept 11 00:00:34,460 --> 00:00:39,220 it clean of what they refer to in a later paper as white 12 00:00:39,220 --> 00:00:43,660 dielectrical material or what is known more commonly 13 00:00:43,660 --> 00:00:48,100 as bird shit Nothing they tried worked 两 14 00:00:49,280 --> 00:00:56,020 位年轻的科学家年轻的听闻学家忙了一整年 Did 15 00:00:56,250 --> 00:01:00,790 everything they could think of 什么办法都想了想要 16 00:01:00,790 --> 00:01:06,490 track downtrack down 是追踪 track 这个词本意是小路 17 00:01:06,490 --> 00:01:12,810 小径那么 track down 就像是追随着一个小路跟踪的意 18 00:01:12,810 --> 00:01:18,810 思想要追踪并且要 eliminate the noise 就是消除 get 19 00:01:18,810 --> 00:01:20,850 rid of the noise they 20 00:01:22,260 --> 00:01:25,620 tested every electrical system 他们 21 00:01:26,380 --> 00:01:29,100 测试了所有的电气系统 22 00:01:32,220 --> 00:01:36,840 所有的仪器也都重新拆下来又重新装上去 23 00:01:39,390 --> 00:01:41,270 检查了所有的电路 24 00:01:43,870 --> 00:01:51,310 中间大家应该可以看到是我们原先了解的就是圆圈电 25 00:01:51,310 --> 00:01:56,310 路因为所有的电路必然都是一个回路所以在里头可以 26 00:01:56,310 --> 00:02:01,310 看到 Wiggled wires,wiggle, 27 00:02:01,510 --> 00:02:06,530 摇晃,扭一扭,就是把电线呢, 28 00:02:06,550 --> 00:02:10,250 扭一扭,看看有没有接头的地方是否松了。 29 00:02:10,750 --> 00:02:14,170 Dusted plugs,plugs,是插头, 30 00:02:14,310 --> 00:02:17,030 dust,如果是名词 dust, 31 00:02:17,210 --> 00:02:21,950 就是灰尘,那么这里加上 ed 肯定就是动词, 32 00:02:22,030 --> 00:02:23,270 是指除尘。 33 00:02:23,270 --> 00:02:24,210 把 34 00:02:24,280 --> 00:02:30,500 插头上的灰尘也都擦干净怕万一是接触不良造成的噪 35 00:02:30,500 --> 00:02:30,720 音 36 00:02:34,400 --> 00:02:38,160 他们还爬 37 00:02:38,390 --> 00:02:45,530 到那个 dish 里面去 dish 是指像碗盘一样的碟子状的东 38 00:02:45,530 --> 00:02:50,890 西就是指我们看到的那个天线的那个大盘子一样的那 39 00:02:50,890 --> 00:02:55,970 个容器他们爬到里边去然后 placed duct tape over 40 00:02:55,970 --> 00:03:01,770 every seam and rivetse am 是缝隙 rivet 41 00:03:01,950 --> 00:03:07,590 锚钉因为那个天线它不可能是一次冲压成型的可能有 42 00:03:07,590 --> 00:03:08,350 接头的部分 43 00:03:08,910 --> 00:03:14,470 所以呢有锚钉的钉头还有接缝的这个部分这个部位全 44 00:03:14,470 --> 00:03:21,350 部都用 duct tape 就是这种塑料胶带全部都贴好了 Duct 45 00:03:21,350 --> 00:03:23,930 Tape Duct 这个词是管道的意思 46 00:03:25,990 --> 00:03:31,870 就是管道交代就是管道在街头的时候用来密封用的叫 47 00:03:31,870 --> 00:03:37,590 Duct Tape 其实这个 Duct Tape 它最初的名字就是 Duck 48 00:03:37,590 --> 00:03:43,570 Tape 就是鸭子的那个 Duck 最早的时候就是用来防潮用 49 00:03:43,570 --> 00:03:50,730 的在战场上密封弹药箱的时候防潮用的防水的因为防 50 00:03:50,730 --> 00:03:58,510 水性能很好所以就把它叫做 duck tape 鸭子胶因为鸭子 51 00:03:58,510 --> 00:04:02,350 就是它的羽毛是防水性能特别好嘛后 52 00:04:02,480 --> 00:04:07,340 来因为它广泛地使用在管道的街头上所以就成了 duck 53 00:04:07,340 --> 00:04:09,360 tape 管道胶带 54 00:04:13,350 --> 00:04:17,090 前面已经是 climbed into the dish 现在多了一个 back 55 00:04:17,590 --> 00:04:24,690 那就说明呢还是没用所以他们又再次的爬进天线这回 56 00:04:24,690 --> 00:04:30,830 戴上了 Brooms and Scrubbing Brushes 戴上了扫把和刷 57 00:04:30,830 --> 00:04:34,680 子 Scrub 这个词就是刷的意思 58 00:04:35,940 --> 00:04:38,080 为什么不直接用 Brushes 59 00:04:38,560 --> 00:04:43,120 而是要加上 Scrubbing Brushes 呢因为在英文当中 60 00:04:43,120 --> 00:04:48,940 Brush 可以指很多意思比如说 Painting Brush 就是画画 61 00:04:48,940 --> 00:04:53,040 用的毛笔或者画油画的那种牌笔前 62 00:04:53,480 --> 00:04:57,820 端是毛的还有 writing brush 就是中国人写字的那种毛 63 00:04:57,820 --> 00:04:59,160 笔 hairbrush 64 00:04:59,740 --> 00:05:05,340 是头书是那种看上去像刷子一样的那种头书所以要加 65 00:05:05,340 --> 00:05:06,620 上 scrapping brushes 66 00:05:07,430 --> 00:05:09,510 才指的是刷子 67 00:05:10,870 --> 00:05:13,650 好了他们带上这两样东西做什么呢 68 00:05:14,570 --> 00:05:19,310 and carefully swept it clean of what they referred to in 69 00:05:19,310 --> 00:05:23,370 a later paper as white dielectric material 70 00:05:26,240 --> 00:05:27,720 指的就是那个 dish 71 00:05:28,790 --> 00:05:32,290 带上刷子带上扫帚小心 72 00:05:32,550 --> 00:05:39,350 地把它扫干净 swept 原型是 s weep 清扫 s w e e p 73 00:05:41,370 --> 00:05:47,830 把那个碟子清扫干净扫掉了什么呢 of 后面跟的就是被 74 00:05:47,830 --> 00:05:52,050 扫掉的东西 of what they refer to in a later paper 75 00:05:56,110 --> 00:06:01,650 把他们后来在一篇文章中在一篇论文中 paper 是论文 76 00:06:01,650 --> 00:06:09,390 在一篇论文中称之为白色戒电物质的东西扫掉了 77 00:06:09,390 --> 00:06:13,350 refer to 是称 78 00:06:13,770 --> 00:06:19,870 指称在后来的一篇文章中把这个东西叫做白色的戒电 79 00:06:19,870 --> 00:06:26,100 物质戒电物质一般是电阻比较大不倒电的绝缘题 80 00:06:27,180 --> 00:06:32,340 Or what is known more commonly as bird shit 那这个所谓 81 00:06:32,340 --> 00:06:36,000 的白色借电物质又是什么呢 What is known more 82 00:06:36,000 --> 00:06:42,990 commonly 也就是人们常常所知的那个鸟屎 Bird shit 因 83 00:06:42,990 --> 00:06:46,020 为鸽子在他们的天线里面坐窝了 84 00:06:47,410 --> 00:06:51,830 Nothing they tried worked 他们想了这么多的办法可是 85 00:06:51,830 --> 00:06:54,510 一样也不管用在 86 00:06:58,060 --> 00:07:00,900 普林斯顿大学的 30 米远处, 87 00:07:02,640 --> 00:07:06,060 一队由罗伯特迪基带领的科学家, 88 00:07:06,040 --> 00:07:11,000 正在研究如何找到他们这么专心地尝试的东西。 89 00:07:12,260 --> 00:07:18,100 普林斯顿的研究员们,在 1940 年, 90 00:07:18,100 --> 00:07:27,100 被俄罗斯生长的博士,George Gamow 推荐的想法是, 91 00:07:31,760 --> 00:07:35,960 他们所不知道的是 92 00:07:36,940 --> 00:07:42,660 离他们仅仅 30 英里远的普林斯顿大学一 93 00:07:43,140 --> 00:07:44,620 英里大概是 1. 94 00:07:44,880 --> 00:07:50,160 6 公里所以 30 英里差不多就是 48 公里在 95 00:07:50,220 --> 00:07:53,000 普林斯顿大学呢有一个科学团队 96 00:07:56,030 --> 00:07:57,510 以罗伯特 97 00:07:57,630 --> 00:08:03,240 迪基为首要读作 Dickey 而不是 Dick 就像是 Nike 98 00:08:04,080 --> 00:08:05,820 那个运动品牌 99 00:08:06,480 --> 00:08:09,180 耐克他读作 Nike 而不是 Nike 100 00:08:10,940 --> 00:08:15,580 这个科学团队呢 was working on how to find the very 101 00:08:15 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）